scholarly journals Determination of the Sexual Maturity of Threadfins Polydactylus quadrifilis (Cuvier, 1829), Galeoides decadactylus (Bloch, 1795) and Pentanemus quinquarius (Linné, 1758) of the Artisanal Marine Fishery of Grand-Lahou (Ivory Coast)

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Kouassi Sylvain Konan ◽  
Ebram Luc Gervais Djadji ◽  
Yao Nicolas Amon ◽  
Konan N’da
Keyword(s):  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Sexual Maturity ◽  
Warm Season ◽  
Cold Season ◽  
First Year ◽  
Marine Fishery ◽  
Ratio Determination ◽  
First Maturity ◽  
First Year Of Life

Reproduction of the threadfins of the costal shelf of Grand-Lahou was studied with a monthly sampling frequencies range from may 2009 to april 2011. 534 specimens of Polydactylus quadrifilis, composed of 315 males and 219 females and 648 Galeoides decadactylus composed of 420 males and 228 females, then 453 individuals of Pentanemus quinquarius composed of 210 males and 243 females were used. The sexual maturity parameters of threadfins fishes indicate a size of first maturity (L50 = 67.5 cm) for females of Polydactylus quadrifilis and (L50 = 55.5 cm) with their males. Concerning  the specimens of Pentanemus quinquarius, females present (L50 = 15 cm) and their males (L50 = 14.5 cm). This parameter has identical values ​​with the females of Galeoides decadactylus (L50 = 15.5 cm) and their males (L50 = 15.5 cm). The individuals of Polydactylus quadrifilis and the specimens of Galeoides decadactylus and Pentanemus quinquarius become mature at 1 year of age. The sex ratio determination show that specimens of Polydactylus quadrifilis show a predominance of males during the warm season, from October (73.68%) to March (64.28%) which weakens during the cold season, from May (30%) to July (58%). For Galeoides decadactylus, the sex ratio shows a predominance of males, from August (88%) to March (94.73%). Concerning specimens of Pentanemus quinquarius, the sex ratio is in favor of the females whose lowest value is during the cold season in July (21.74%). All threafin species reach sexual maturity from their first year of life with different sex ratios variations.

Development of Sacral Ratio Percentile Card for Children: A Preliminary Report

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kutay Bahadir ◽  
Bilgesu Arikan-Ergun ◽  
Atilla Halil Elhan ◽  
Ergun Ergun ◽  
Tanju Aktug
Keyword(s):  
Anorectal Malformations ◽  
First Year ◽  
Clinical Value ◽  
Monthly Basis ◽  
Clinical Evaluations ◽  
Direct Radiography ◽  
The Mean ◽  
First Year Of Life ◽  
Age Independent

Abstract Introduction Sacrospinal anomalies that may accompany anorectal malformations may cause fecal and urinary incontinence despite proper anomaly treatment. The sacral ratio has been suggested in the determination of both the prognosis in terms of incontinence and the need for further examination for sacrospinal anomalies. The normal and clinically decisive values of sacral ratio are given differently in publications. We aimed to determine the distribution of the sacral ratio in children under 12 months and to develop the sacral ratio percentile card that will enable one to give an age-independent parametric result in clinical evaluations. Materials and Methods The files of patients under 1 year of age who had anteroposterior direct radiography including pelvis were reviewed retrospectively. Sacral ratio was studied for 360 patients, 30 patients per month. Percentile card was developed with LMS software and reference values were used as 1, 2, 3, 4, and 10%. Results The lowest sacral ratio value was 0.514 and the highest value was 0.936. There was no statistical difference between the mean sacral ratio of the cases when they were classified on a monthly basis (p = 0.191). Low percentile values were found slightly different at first 4 months of age. Conclusion Although the mean of sacral ratio does not change significantly during the first year of life, values that are considered pathological for patients are within different percentile limits depending on age. Instead of using sacral ratio with some clinically decisive values, we think that parametric evaluation with the help of the percentile card will increase its clinical value.

Cranial ontogenetic variability, sex ratio and age structure of the Red fox

2010 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 894-907 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martina Hartová-Nentvichová ◽  
Miloš Anděra ◽  
Vlastimil Hart
Keyword(s):  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Age Structure ◽  
Growth Pattern ◽  
Red Fox ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
First Year ◽  
Red Foxes ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
One Year ◽  
First Year Of Life

AbstractDescribing the sex ratio, age structure of the population and ontogenetic variability of Red fox, Vulpes vulpes (Canidae, Carnivora) skull parameters, this study is based on 416 male and 289 female skulls collected in the Czech Republic. The skulls analysed came from feral individuals, that were shot by hunters. The male to female ratio was 1:0.69 regarding the whole population. Individuals younger than one year prevailed in the population (54% males, 48% females were in their first year of life). Four growth patterns of skull dimensions were described. The first group included mainly skull length dimensions (e.g. condylobasal length). They grew rapidly until the sixth month of life, becoming stabilised afterwards. The second group comprised parameters that were stable throughout the life (e.g. cheek tooth rows). Measurements representing the third growth pattern showed continual growth (mainly width dimensions, e.g. zygomatic breadth). Conversely, smaller dimensions of postorbital breadth were observed after the sixth month of life. Postorbital breadth represented the fourth growth pattern. It was concluded, that male and female Red foxes had similar ontogenetic skull development, even though there were some differences, e.g. in jugular breadth, which increased after the age of six months in males unlike in females.

scholarly journals Sexual maturity of mares and prospects for shortening the intergenerational period in horses

2019 ◽  
Vol 75 (02) ◽  
pp. 6201-2019
Author(s):  
WIESŁAWA MŁODAWSKA ◽  
MARIAN TISCHNER
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Maturity ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
First Year ◽  
Sex Recognition ◽  
Vitro Fertilization ◽  
Animal Reproduction ◽  
One Year ◽  
First Year Of Life

The aim of the study is to present current knowledge on the mechanisms regulating puberty in mares and the possibility of shortening the intergenerational period in horses through modern animal reproduction biotechnology. The study discusses fetal sex recognition in horses by means of ultrasound, pre- and postnatal development of mare gonads, oogenesis and folliculogenesis, as well as the process of selection and elimination of oocytes. It also describes the role of gonadotropins, ovarian hormonal activity and morphological changes occurring during sexual maturation. It has been shown that about 37% of mares attain sexual maturity in the first year of life. It has also been documented that one-year and two-year-old fillies produce normal embryos that can be used for transplantation and give offspring. It has also been proved that embryos can be produced in vitro from oocytes of juvenile mares. There is hope that acquiring preantral follicles from the ovary and their in vitro culture until the oocyte reaches full maturity for fertilization will permit us to obtain embryos and offspring from mares, including those sexually immature. These methods, combined with in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer techniques, have already made it possible to obtain normal embryos and even live-born offspring in other mammals.

Patterns of Maxillary Alveolar Arch Growth Changes of Infants with Unilateral Cleft Lip and Palate: Preliminary Findings

2003 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 363-372 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bert Braumann ◽  
Ludger Keilig ◽  
Angelika Stellzig-Eisenhauer ◽  
Christoph Bourauel ◽  
Stefaan Bergé ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cleft Lip ◽  
Cleft Lip And Palate ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Laser Scanner ◽  
First Year ◽  
Osteoplastic Surgery ◽  
Growth Changes ◽  
Crest Length ◽  
First Year Of Life

Objective Because of significant differences in pathomorphology at birth, it may be that a better treatment outcome prognosis exists for patients with incomplete versus complete cleft forms. Can reaction patterns be extracted from changes in maxillary dimensions of different cleft forms within the first year of life to support this hypothesis? Subjects Chronologically consecutive casts of the maxilla (1 week and 3, 6, and 12 months of life) of 15 patients with complete unilateral cleft lip and palate (cUCLP) and 13 patients with incomplete unilateral cleft lip and palate (iUCLP). All patients were treated with passive palatal plates. Cheiloplasty was performed at 6 months of age. No primary osteoplastic surgery was carried out. Interventions Following digitizing with a three-dimensional laser scanner, all cast surfaces were computer reconstructed, aligned, and superimposed. Distances between the surfaces were determined and expressed graphically. Computer-aided determination of defined maxillary dimensions was performed. The volumes of segmented surfaces were determined and compared. Results Within the first year of life, decreased sagittal but increased transverse alveolar growth for patients with iUCLP was found. The increase in alveolar crest length in patients with iUCLP was 50% less within the first year of life than in patients with cUCLP. In the same patients, the volumes of the molar segments were, on average, larger at each registration stage and the increase in these volumes larger within the first year of life. Conclusion Conclusions regarding the direction and extent of growth cannot be drawn from the visible level of severity of the malformation.

Auditory Responses of Infants

1975 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 357-366 ◽  
Author(s):  
Betty Springer Watrous ◽  
Freeman McConnell ◽  
Ann B. Sitton ◽  
William F. Fleet
Keyword(s):  
Normal Development ◽  
Developmental Screening ◽  
First Year ◽  
Response Characteristics ◽  
Auditory Responses ◽  
Wide Variability ◽  
Auditory Response ◽  
First Year Of Life ◽  
Impaired Children

Forty infants, aged three through 12 months, participated in a study designed to differentiate the auditory response characteristics of normally developing infants in the age ranges three to five months, six to eight months, and nine to 12 months. Their selection was based on a determination of normal development upon pediatric examination and from the results of the Denver Developmental Screening Test. The results confirmed that a predictable developmental pattern as a function of age in the first year of life is observable despite the wide variability that may occur in a given child. Increased knowledge of these developmental milestones in normal-hearing infants should add to more effective programs of early identification and management of hearing-impaired children.

scholarly journals BIOLOGI REPRODUKSI IKAN TONGKOL ABU-ABU (Thunnus tonggol) DI PERAIRAN LAUT CINA SELATAN

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Hidayat ◽  
Tegoeh Noegroho
Keyword(s):  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Size Structure ◽  
Average Length ◽  
Stomach Contents ◽  
Management Policy ◽  
Maturity Stage ◽  
Gonad Somatic Index ◽  
First Maturity ◽  
Longtail Tuna

Ikan tongkol abu-abu (Thunnus tonggol) tertangkap di Laut Cina Selatan dan bernilai ekonomis penting. Trend produksi berfluktuatif, 2009-2011 meningkat, menurun pada 2013 dan 2015 meningkat kembali. Kondisi fluktuatif juga ditunjukkan dari nilai CPUE jarring insang hanyut. Seiring dengan meningkatnya permintaan, pemanfaatan tongkol abu-abu harus dikelola agar ketersediaannya tetap berkesinambungan. Tujuan penelitian adalah mengkaji biologi reproduksi ikan tongkol abu-abu sebagai bahan kebijakan pengelolaan yang lestari. Kajian yang dilakukan meliputi struktur ukuran, hubungan panjang dan berat, nisbah kelamin, tingkat kematangan gonad (TKG), indeks kematangan gonad (IKG), rata-rata ukuran pertama kali tertangkap dan matang gonad serta kebiasaan makanan. Pengumpulan sampel dilakukan oleh enumerator di PPN Pemangkat, Kalimantan Barat pada Januari sampai November 2014. Data yang dikumpulkan meliputi panjang, berat, jenis kelamin, tingkat kematangan gonad, dan isi lambung. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan sebaran panjang ikan tongkol abu-abu pada kisaran 29-80 cm dan modus 47-49 cm, pertumbuhan bersifat isometrik, nisbah kelamin jantan dan betina menunjukkan kondisi seimbang, ukuran rata-rata pertama kali tertangkap (Lc) pada panjang 47,8 cm, ukuran pertama kali matang gonad (Lm) 41,1 cm. Dari data TKG dan IKG, prediksi musim pemijahan berlangsung pada Mei dan Agustus. Hasil pengamatan isi lambung menunjukkan bahwa ikan tongkol abu-abu tergolong ikan karnivora. Dari hasil penelitian rekomendasi untuk kebijakan pengelolaan adalah penetapan penutupan musim dan daerah penangkapan pada bulan Mei dan Agustus pada wilayah perairan yang diduga sebagai daerah pemijahan, penetapan kuota ukuran tangkapan lebih besar dari Lm 41,1 cm dan alternatif wisata pancing dengan ukuran mata pancing yang hanya menangkap ukuran yang sudah matang gonad. Longtail tuna (Thunnus tonggol) were caught in the South China Sea has important economic value. The catch trend fluctuates, increases from 2009 - 2011, decreases in 2013 and increase in 2015. Fluctuating condition is also showed from CPUE drift gill net. Along with the escalation demand, the utilization longtail tuna should be managed in order to keep it sustainable. The objective of the research was to study the reproductive biology of longtail tuna as suggestion for sustainable management. Studies performed on the size structure, the length and weight relationship, sex ratio, maturity stage, gonad somatic index (GSI), Length at first capture and Length at first maturity and food habits. Sample collection was conducted by enumerators at Pemangkat Fishing Port, West Kalimantan in January to November 2014. Data containing length, weight, sex, maturity stage, and stomach contents. The results showed that the length of longtail tuna in range of 29-80 cm and the mode of 47-49 cm, the growth is isometric, the sex ratio male and female showed a balanced condition, the average Length at first capture (Lc) at 47.8 cm, Length at first maturity (Lm) 41.1 cm. From the Maturity stage and GSI data, the predicted spawning season takes place in May and August. Observations o of the stomach contents showed longtail tuna is carnivorous fish. From results of the research recommendation for the management policy is the determination of the close seasons and close areas in May and August on the location suspected as spawning areas, determination of the legal size is bigger than 41.1 cm and encourage the recreational fishing as alternative with the size of the hook which is only catch the mature size fish.

Gametogenesis and spawning in the subtidal white clam Spisula solida, in relation to temperature

1999 ◽  
Vol 79 (4) ◽  
pp. 753-755 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.B. Gaspar ◽  
C.C. Monteiro
Keyword(s):  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Seawater Temperature ◽  
Condition Index ◽  
Gonadal Development ◽  
First Year ◽  
Southern Portugal ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
A Site ◽  
First Year Of Life ◽  
Definite Temperature

Seasonal variations in reproductive cycle of Spisula solida were studied between June 1995 and June 1996 at a site off Vilamoura, southern Portugal. Sex ratio was found to be in favour of males. Both males and females showed a synchronism in gonadal development and spawning. Gametogenic activity started with decreasing temperature at the beginning of autumn. The onset of spawning took place in February when the seawater temperature began to increase. Spawning ended in May. It is possible that the white clam does not spawn at a definite temperature, rather responding to the increase in seawater temperature. Between June and September, the specimens were found to be in the resting stage and the condition index increased, probably due to the accumulation of reserves. Spisula solida reached maturity during the first year of life.

Mumps Antibody: Placental Transfer and Disappearance During the First Year of Life

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1970 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-101
Author(s):  
David Hodes ◽  
Philip A. Brunell
Keyword(s):  
Complement Fixation Test ◽  
Complement Fixation ◽  
Placental Transfer ◽  
Neutralization Test ◽  
Serum Antibody ◽  
Neutralizing Antibody ◽  
Fixation Test ◽  
First Year ◽  
First Year Of Life

Mumps neutralizing antibody was transferred quantitatively across the placenta. Antibody was still detectable (≥ 1:2) in 18 of 19 infants at 2 months of age. The finding of antibody in 13 of 19 infants at 5 months of age probably accounted for the failure to immunize infants at this age successfully in previous studies. Neutralizing antibody was not detectable sera of any of the 18 infants who were tested at 1 year of age. Although serum antibody during the early months of life was presumably all IgG since it was passively acquired, the neutralization test appeared to be far more sensitive than the complement fixation test for the determination of mumps antibody.

Reproductive biology of the freshwater shrimp Macrobrachium tenellum (Smith, 1871) (Decapoda: Caridea: Palaemonidae) in Mexico

2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (6) ◽  
pp. 746-755
Author(s):  
Ernesto López-Uriarte ◽  
Fernando Vega-Villasante ◽  
Ingo S Wehrtmann ◽  
Edilmar Cortés-Jacinto ◽  
Marcelo U García-Guerrero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Water Temperature ◽  
Reproductive Biology ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Sexual Maturity ◽  
Significant Positive Correlation ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Reproductive Period ◽  
Female Population ◽  
First Maturity

Abstract We analyzed the reproductive cycle of females of the palaemonid shrimp Macrobrachium tenellum (Smith, 1871) collected in the Ameca River, between the Jalisco and Nayarit states, Mexico. We studied the seasonal occurrence of ovigerous females during the year, their relationship with abiotic factors, and the size of the first sexual maturity. The study included 7,100 specimens of M. tenellum, of which 2,791 (39.3%) were males, 3,559 (50.1%) females, and 750 undifferentiated (10.6%). The sex ratio of the total (male-female) population differed significantly from the expected 1:1 with more females. A total of 309 females carried eggs (8.7% of all collected females). Ovigerous females, which were collected in three of the four sampling sites, were found almost year-round (with the exception of March and December), and their number showed a significant positive correlation with water temperature and rainfall. The size of first maturity (TL50%) for all collected females was 55.7 mm total length (TL), ranging from 64.3 mm TL to 42.7 mm TL. The results revealed that the population of M. tenellum in the Ameca River has a continuous reproductive period associated with the rainy season and increasing water temperature.

scholarly journals THE OUTCOME OF CEREBRAL PATHOLOGY BY THE END OF THE FIRST YEAR OF LIFE IN NEWBORN BABIES WITH CYTOMEGALOVIRUS INFECTION

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1S) ◽  
pp. 136-137
Author(s):  
L V Kravchenko
Keyword(s):  
T Lymphocytes ◽  
Total Population ◽  
Psychomotor Development ◽  
Control Group ◽  
First Year ◽  
Cerebral Pathology ◽  
Clusters Of Differentiation ◽  
First Year Of Life ◽  
Spastic Tetraparesis

Objective: to study costimulatory molecules (CD28, CD40) on lymphocytes of the peripheral blood in newborn babies with CMVI and to determine prognostic indices of the cerebral pathology outcome by the end of the first year of life.We examined 114 children at the age of three months, who had CMVI during neonatal period. In 37 children neurological symptoms remained by the end of the first year of life. At 37 children the neurologic symptomatology by the end of the first year of life remained: delay of psychomotor development (44.8%), deafness (5.9%), epilepsy (11.9%), spastic tetraparesis (32.2%) blindness (13.4%). At 77 children was absent neurologic symptomatology by the end of the first year of life.A control group was comprised of 15 healthy newborns. The content of lymphocytes, expressing CD28, CD40, CD3+, CD4+, CD28+, CD20+, was determined using laser flow cytofluorometer “Beckman COULTER” Epics XL II (USA) by means of monoclonal antibodies to the clusters of differentiation CD3+, CD20+, CD4+, CD28+, CD40+ of IMMUNOTECH Company (France).The analysis of multidimentional nonlinear dependencies was performed using PolyAnalist 3.5. Pro package. The formula of the forecast of preservation of neurologic symptomatology is calculated.((CD3-CD28+ * 0.074) + CD4+ * (-0.182) + (CD3+CD28- * 0.035) + CD40 * (-0.2862) + CD3 * 0.1062) + + (CD28 * 0.1952)) - 0.4588.If the result of the calculation according to the formula is > 0.39, than a child will have brain damages by the end of the first year of life. Sensitivity - 71.43%, specificity - 88.89%. The likelihood ratio of the positive result is 13.5.The determination of CD3+T-lymphocytes, lymphocytes, expressing CD28 in the total population, T-lymphocytes without the costimulatory marker CD28 (CD3+CD28-) and also B-lymphocytes, expressing CD40 on their surface, is significant for the prognosis of neurological symptomatology preservation by the end of the first year of life.

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