scholarly journals Oxidal® Ameliorates the Ty1 Retrotransposition Induced by Methyl Methanesulfonate in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

2020 ◽  
pp. 34-42
Author(s):  
Teodora Todorova ◽  
Martin Dimitrov ◽  
Ignat Ignatov ◽  
Georgi Gluhchev ◽  
Georgi Dinkov
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Methyl Methanesulfonate ◽  
Methyl Methane Sulfonate ◽  
Cell Protection ◽  
Methane Sulfonate ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Ty1 Retrotransposition ◽  
Pre Treatment

Aim: The aim of the study was to evaluate the potential of Oxidal® to decrease the Ty1 retrotransposition rate in a model system Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Study Design: Saccharomyces cerevisiae cell suspensions were pre-treated with different concentrations Oxidal® and subsequently treated with 16mM methyl methanesulfonate. (MMS) Methodology: The potential of various concentrations Oxidal® was evaluated based on “spot” test and Ty1 retro-transposition test. Results: Data revealed that only 5% Oxidal® possesses some cytotoxic properties. Lack of Ty1 retro-transposition was observed after single treatment with 1, 2.5 and 5% Oxidal® concentrations. On the other hand, all the tested concentrations showed promising results against the standard carcinogen methyl methane sulfonate. The most pronounced anti-carcinogenic and cytoprotective effects were observed after pre-treatment with 2.5% Oxidal®, which could be attributed to the antioxidant properties of the combination of ingredients; methylene blue, salicylic acid and caffeine. Further studies could reveal the exact mechanism of action of the supplement and the role of the antioxidant potential. Conclusion: New data is provided concerning the potential of Oxidal® at low concentrations to protect Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells from MMS-induced Ty1 retro-transposition. The cytoprotective properties of the supplement were also obtained. These results could be considered as a basis for further studies revealing the exact mechanisms of cell protection of the Oxidal®. Additionally, our data could also serve as an important step of the in-depth research of a potential antiviral activity.

scholarly journals Role of Thrombin in Central Nervous System Injury and Disease

Biomolecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 562
Author(s):  
Nathan A. Shlobin ◽  
Meirav Har-Even ◽  
Ze’ev Itsekson-Hayosh ◽  
Sagi Harnof ◽  
Chaim G. Pick
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Neurological Disease ◽  
Central Nervous System Tumors ◽  
Cell Protection ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
The Brain

Thrombin is a Na+-activated allosteric serine protease of the chymotrypsin family involved in coagulation, inflammation, cell protection, and apoptosis. Increasingly, the role of thrombin in the brain has been explored. Low concentrations of thrombin are neuroprotective, while high concentrations exert pathological effects. However, greater attention regarding the involvement of thrombin in normal and pathological processes in the central nervous system is warranted. In this review, we explore the mechanisms of thrombin action, localization, and functions in the central nervous system and describe the involvement of thrombin in stroke and intracerebral hemorrhage, neurodegenerative diseases, epilepsy, traumatic brain injury, and primary central nervous system tumors. We aim to comprehensively characterize the role of thrombin in neurological disease and injury.

scholarly journals Role of Quercetin in Depressive-Like Behaviors: Findings from Animal Models

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (15) ◽  
pp. 7116
Author(s):  
Serena Silvestro ◽  
Placido Bramanti ◽  
Emanuela Mazzon
Keyword(s):  
Animal Models ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Preclinical Studies ◽  
Neuroprotective Effects ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Novel Treatment ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Vegetables And Fruits

Depressive-like behavior is a highly prevalent worldwide neuropsychiatric disorder that owns a complex pathophysiologic mechanism. The available pharmacotherapy is ineffective for most patients and shown several adverse effects. Therefore, it is important to find efficacy and safe antidepressive compounds. Some phytochemicals compounds regulate the same genes and pathways targeted by drugs; therefore, diets rich in fruits and vegetables could be considered novel treatment approaches. Currently, the functional properties of quercetin acquired great interest, due to its beneficial effects on health. Quercetin is a flavonoid ubiquitously present in vegetables and fruits, interestingly for its strong antioxidant properties. The purpose of this review is to summarize the preclinical studies present in the literature, in the last ten years, aimed at illustrating the effects of quercetin pre-treatment in depressive-like behaviors. Quercetin resulted in antidepressant-like actions due to its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective effects. This pointed out the usefulness of this flavonoid as a nutraceutical compound against the development of psychological stress-induced behavioral perturbation. Therefore, quercetin or a diet containing it may become a prospective supplementation or an efficient adjuvant therapy for preventing stress-mediated depressive-like behavior.

RDH54, a RAD54 Homologue in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Is Required for Mitotic Diploid-Specific Recombination and Repair and for Meiosis

Genetics ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 147 (4) ◽  
pp. 1533-1543 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hannah L Klein
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Gene Conversion ◽  
Prolonged Exposure ◽  
Methyl Methanesulfonate ◽  
Spore Viability ◽  
Homologous Chromosomes ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Genome Ploidy ◽  
Repair Genes

Abstract Most mitotic recombination and repair genes of Saccharomyces cerevisiae show no specificity of action for the genome ploidy. We describe here a novel repair and recombination gene that is specific for recombination and repair between homologous chromosomes. The RDH54 gene is homologous to the RAD54 gene, but rdh54 mutants do not show sensitivity to methyl methanesulfonate at concentrations that sensitize a rad54 mutant. However, the rdh54 null mutation enhances the methyl methanesulfonate sensitivity of a rad54 mutant and single rdh54 mutants are sensitive to prolonged exposure at high concentrations of methyl methanesulfonate. The RDH54 gene is required for recombination, but only in a diploid. We present evidence showing that the RDH54 gene is required for interhomologue gene conversion but not intrachromosomal gene conversion. The rdh54 mutation confers diploid-specific lethalities and reduced growth in various mutant backgrounds. These phenotypes are due to attempted recombination. The RDH54 gene is also required for meiosis as homozygous mutant diploids show very poor sporulation and reduced spore viability. The role of the RDH54 gene in mitotic repair and in meiosis and the pathway in which it acts are discussed.

scholarly journals COMPLEMENTATION ANALYSIS OF METHYL METHANE-SULFONATE-INDUCED RECESSIVE LETHAL MUTATIONS IN THE ZESTE-WHITE REGION OF THE X CHROMOSOME OF DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER

Genetics ◽  
1975 ◽  
Vol 79 (4) ◽  
pp. 601-611
Author(s):  
C P Liu ◽  
J K Lim
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
X Chromosome ◽  
Single Site ◽  
Complementation Analysis ◽  
Methyl Methanesulfonate ◽  
Methyl Methane Sulfonate ◽  
Methane Sulfonate ◽  
Recessive Lethal ◽  
White Region ◽  
Lethal Mutations

ABSTRACT Recessive lethal mutations in the 3A1 to 3C2 region of the X chromosome of Drosophila melanogaster were detected in 113 of 33,544 sperm treated by feeding 5 mM methyl methanesulfonate in 1% sucrose for 22 hours. Seven of the 113 lethals were sterile, leaving 106 for analysis by complementation tests. With only one exception, these mutants were found to have lesions restricted to single loci. One of these single-site mutations was in gt, 2 in tko, 18 in zw-1, 12 in zw-8, 6 in zw-4, 3 in zw-10, 3 in zw-13, 21 in zw-2, 7 in zw-3, 5 in zw-6, 6 in zw-12, 1 in zw-7, 12 in zw-5, 5 in zw-11, and 3 in zw-9, One of the lethals, m69, was non-complementary to two adjacent loci, zw-2 and zw-3, possibly indicating a deletion encompassing two loci. The results confirm that there are at least 15 recessive lethal loci in the region and are consistent with the hypothesis of Lim and Snyder (1968 and 1974) that inability of monofunctional alkylating chemicals to induce deletion-associated mutations is a characteristic of the compounds.

Protective Role of EGCG Against Malathion Induced Genotoxicity Using Human Lymphocytes

Drug Research ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 70 (08) ◽  
pp. 360-366
Author(s):  
Seyed Mousa Taghavi ◽  
Amir Shadboorestan ◽  
Samin Sabzevari ◽  
Maryam Gholami ◽  
Razieh Keshavarz-maleki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Oxidative Damage ◽  
Green Tea ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Human Lymphocytes ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Response To Chemotherapy ◽  
Pre Treatment

AbstractBackground: Green tea (Camellia sinensis), which is the most common drink across the world after water, has many antioxidant properties. Epigallocatecin-3-gallate (EGCG) is a flavonoid which accounts for 33–50% of green tea solids. It functions as a powerful antioxidant, preventing oxidative damage in healthy cells, with antiangiogenic and antitumor activities and as a modulator of tumor cell response to chemotherapy. Malathion is an organophosphate pesticide which is widely used in agriculture, veterinary and industries. Oxidative stress has been identified as one of malathion’s main molecular mechanisms. The purpose of this study was to evaluate protective role of EGCG against malathion induced genotoxicity using human lymphocyte model. Blood samples from 8 non-smoker healthy volunteers with no history of chemotherapy were collected and divided into six groups: Control, EGCG (50 µM), EGCG (20 µM), Malathion (24 µM), EGCG (50 µM)+Malathion (24 µM) and EGCG (20 µM)+Malathion (24 µM). For genotoxicity assay, we employed micronuclei test. For antioxidant capacity evaluation, GSH content and MDA levels were measured. Malathion showed significant genotoxic damage compared to the intact lymphocytes, however, treatment with EGCG at both concentrations were reduced the genotoxic effect of malathion. Malathion induced lipid peroxidation, while pre-treatment with EGCG at both concentrations, significantly protected the lymphocytes against malathion induced lipid peroxidation. Malathion significantly reduced GSH content, but pre-treatment with EGCG significantly recovered GSH content. Overall this study demonstrated that EGCG (at both concentrations) significantly prevents human lymphocytes against malathion induced genotoxicity and oxidative damage.

scholarly journals Possibilities of Increasing the Antioxidant Properties of Garlic Plants (Allium sativum, L.)

2017 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 208-231
Author(s):  
Anastasia A. Ştefîrţă ◽  
Vasile F. Botnari ◽  
Lilia M. Brânză ◽  
Ion I. Bulhac ◽  
Eduard B. Coropceanu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Growth Process ◽  
Allium Sativum ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Chemical Formula ◽  
Peroxide Oxidation ◽  
Cell Protection ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Foliar Treatment ◽  
Pre Treatment

Abstract The effect of some selenium-containing compounds on the antioxidant properties of Allium sativum L. plants is shown in the present work. Pre-treatment of bulbs before planting and foliar treatment during plant growth with gibberellin solution (125 mg · L−1); potassium selenate (36 μg Se·L−1) and a new cobalt(III) coordinative compound (33 μg Se·L−1) resulted in the increase of the concentration of proline and assimilating pigments, reduced peroxide oxidation of lipids, enhanced antioxidant cell protection. The greatest effect was observed in plants pre-treated with the new coordinative compound, “Fludisec”, manifested by an increase of antioxidant properties of leaves and bulbs, optimization of growth process and productivity. X-ray analysis of monocrystal demonstrated that Fludisec is a coordination compound of ionic type tetrafluoroborate-[bis(dimethylglyoximato)-(selenocarbamide)1.4-(selenium-seleno-carbamide)0.5-(selenium-selenium)0.1cobalt(III)] with chemical formula [Co(DmgH)2(Seu)1,4(Se-Seu)0.5(Se-Se)0.1][BF4].

scholarly journals Evaluation of jujube vinegar production and the role of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and glucose on its physicochemical and antioxidant properties

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (107) ◽  
pp. 185-195
Author(s):  
Tayebe shahi ◽  
seid mahdi jafari ◽  
morteza mohammadi ◽  
mohsen pouyan ◽  
mahdi ebrahimi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Antioxidant Properties

Testosterone Potentiation of Ionophore and ADP Induced Platelet Aggregation : Relationship to Arachidonic Acid Metabolism

1981 ◽  
Vol 46 (02) ◽  
pp. 538-542 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Pilo ◽  
D Aharony ◽  
A Raz
Keyword(s):  
Arachidonic Acid ◽  
Platelet Aggregation ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Human Platelet ◽  
Platelet Rich Plasma ◽  
Arachidonic Acid Metabolism ◽  
Ionophore A23187 ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Induced Aggregation

SummaryThe role of arachidonic acid oxygenated products in human platelet aggregation induced by the ionophore A23187 was investigated. The ionophore produced an increased release of both saturated and unsaturated fatty acids and a concomitant increased formation of TxA2 and other arachidonate products. TxA2 (and possibly other cyclo oxygenase products) appears to have a significant role in ionophore-induced aggregation only when low concentrations (<1 μM) of the ionophore are employed.Testosterone added to rat or human platelet-rich plasma (PRP) was shown previously to potentiate platelet aggregation induced by ADP, adrenaline, collagen and arachidonic acid (1, 2). We show that testosterone also potentiates ionophore induced aggregation in washed platelets and in PRP. This potentiation was dose and time dependent and resulted from increased lipolysis and concomitant generation of TxA2 and other prostaglandin products. The testosterone potentiating effect was abolished by preincubation of the platelets with indomethacin.

scholarly journals Membrane condenser as emerging technology for water recovery and gas pre-treatment: current status and perspectives

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Adele Brunetti ◽  
Francesca Macedonio ◽  
Giuseppe Barbieri ◽  
Enrico Drioli
Keyword(s):  
Current Status ◽  
Innovative Technology ◽  
Water Recovery ◽  
Treatment Unit ◽  
Treatment Stage ◽  
Treatment Technologies ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
And Control

Abstract The recent roadmap of SPIRE initiative includes the development of “new separation, extraction and pre-treatment technologies” as one of the “key actions” for boosting sustainability, enhancing the availability and quality of existing resources. Membrane condenser is an innovative technology that was recently investigated for the recovery of water vapor for waste gaseous streams, such as flue gas, biogas, cooling tower plumes, etc. Recently, it has been also proposed as pre-treatment unit for the reduction and control of contaminants in waste gaseous streams (SOx and NOx, VOCs, H2S, NH3, siloxanes, halides, particulates, organic pollutants). This perspective article reports recent progresses in the applications of the membrane condenser in the treatment of various gaseous streams for water recovery and contaminant control. After an overview of the operating principle, the membranes used, and the main results achieved, the work also proposes the role of this technology as pre-treatment stage to other separation technologies. The potentialities of the technology are also discussed aspiring to pave the way towards the development of an innovative technology where membrane condenser can cover a key role in redesigning the whole upgrading process.

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