scholarly journals Antibiogram of Biofilm Producing Bacteria Isolated from Urine of Patients in Three Hospitals in Port Harcourt, Rivers State

2021 ◽  
pp. 5-20
Author(s):  
Onyedibia Golden Chukwuma ◽  
Williams Janet Olufunmilayo ◽  
Douglas Salome Ibietela
Keyword(s):  
Teaching Hospital ◽  
Bacterial Biofilm ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Sensitivity Testing ◽  
Resistance To Antibiotics ◽  
Port Harcourt ◽  
Biofilm Bacteria ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Rivers State

Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the antibiogram of biofilm producing bacteria isolated from urine of patients in three hospitals in Port Harcourt, Rivers State. Study Design: The study employs statistical analysis of the data and interpretation Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted at three (3) hospitals; University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital (UPTH), Meridian Hospital D / line branch (MRD1) and Meridian Hospital Ikoku branch, all located in Port Harcourt, Rivers State. Sample collection was for three (3) months, analysis was carried out daily and it lasted for six (6) months. Methodology: A total of Forty-five (45) urine samples were collected for a period of three (3) months from the three (3) hospitals. The samples were labelled properly, according to date and time of collection. The collected samples were subjected to standard microbiological procedures which includes standard plate counts, identification, biofilm screening, sensitivity testing using Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method, Phenotypic screening of extended spectrum beta lactamase and molecular characterization of the isolates Results: The results of the bacterial population of urine samples from the hospitals showed that the total heterotrophic bacterial counts for Meridian Hospital D/line (MRD1), Meridian Hospital Ikoku (MRD2) and University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital (UPTH) ranged from 4.93 - 6.30 x107cfu/ml. The Total coliform count ranged from 1.89-3.04 x106cfu/ml for Meridian Hospital D/line (MRD1), Meridian Hospital Ikoku (MRD2) and University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital (UPTH). Total faecal coliform counts ranged from 0.78-1.11 x105CFU/ml for Meridian Hospital D/line (MRD1), Meridian Hospital Ikoku (MRD2) and University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital (UPTH). A total of fifty-eight (58) bacterial isolates were isolated from urine of patients and 36(62.1%) isolates were identified as biofilm producers. The biofilm bacteria identified were 17.2% Staphylococcus,6.9% E. coli, 10.3% Pseudomonas, 6.9% Proteus ,10.3% Bacillus and 10.3% Enterococcus species. Biofilm forming ability of bacteria is considered a virulent factor and it is implicated to being a possible cause of increased resistance to most antibiotics. Varying susceptibility pattern was observed among biofilm isolates. Biofilm bacteria were resistant to several groups of antibiotics. Ofloxacin, Gentamycin, Imipenem and Nitrofurantoin can be used as drug of interest for most bacterial biofilm urinary tract infections. CTX-M and TET A gene were identified in the biofilm bacteria in this study to be possible factors that confer resistance to antibiotics. The presence of icaD and papC gene in the isolates whose genome were studied have been found to be possible factors that confers biofilm producing ability. This study indicates the emergence and rapid spread of biofilm producing bacteria and their resistance to antibiotics. Therefore, strict infection control practices as well as therapeutic guidance for confirmed infections should be rapidly initiated.

scholarly journals TitleAntibiogram of Key Microorganisms of Health Importance, Found on Different Species of Banana (Musa spp.)

2021 ◽  
pp. 48-62
Author(s):  
C. J. Ugboma ◽  
C. A. Nzurumike ◽  
R. R. Nrior
Keyword(s):  
Nalidixic Acid ◽  
Vascular Tissue ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Banana Fruit ◽  
Susceptibility Pattern ◽  
Sensitivity Testing ◽  
Port Harcourt ◽  
Fruit Samples ◽  
Complete Resistance ◽  
Rivers State

Aim: The aim of this study was to isolate, enumerate, identify and ascertain the antibiotic profile of the bacterial isolates associated with key body parts (Cut stalk, Tip, Endocarp, Vascular Tissue and Epicarp) of Banana fruits (Cavendish, Dwarf Cavendish, Red, Lady Finger and Grand Nain Banana) collected from Port-Harcourt, Rivers State. Study Design: The study employs statistical analysis of the data and interpretation. Place and Duration of Study: Five local markets which includes Oil Mill, Fruit Garden, Creek Road, Mile One and Mile Three Markets, all located in the city of Port-Harcourt, Rivers State were used for this study. Sample collection lasted for a week and the analysis was carried out every day and it lasted for six months. Methodology: A total of seventy-five (75) banana (Cavendish, Dwarf Cavendish, Red, Lady Finger and Grand Nain Banana) fruit samples were collected randomly, for a period of three months from five different markets (Oil Mill, Fruit Garden, Creek Road, Mile One and Mile Three Markets) in Rivers State. The collected samples were grouped into three groups (Unripe, Healthy-Looking and Spoiled) and were subjected to standard microbiological procedures which includes standard plate counts, identification, sensitivity testing using Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method and molecular identification of the isolates. Results: A total of 83 bacteria were isolated from the different sampled parts (Cut stalk, Tip, Endocarp, Vascular Tissue and Epicarp) of the banana fruit samples. 18.88%. Escherichia coli showed high level of resistance to Cefotaxime (100%) > Augmentin (94.7%) > Gentamycin (78.9%) > Levofloxacin (10.5%). There was complete resistance to Cefotaxime, Levofloxacin, Imipenem/Cilastatin, Ofloxacin and Azithromycin in all isolates of Staphylococcus aureus and susceptibility at 70.8%, 79.2% and 20.8% to Augmentin, Ceftriaxone sulbactarm and Erythromycin, respectively. Pseudomonas aeruginosa were susceptible to Augmentin (25.0%), Imipenem/Cilastatin (66.7%), Gentamycin (83.3%) and Ceftriaxone Sulbactarm at 8.3%. While complete resistance was seen in Cefotaxime, Nalidixic Acid, Nitrofurantoin and Cefexime. The antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of all isolates of Bacillus flexus which shows complete resistance to Cefotaxime, Ceftriaxone Sulbactarm, Cefexime, Imipenem/Cilastatin and Azithromycin. While susceptibility was seen in Levofloxacin at 100% and 22.2%, 33.3% and 11.1% seen in Ciprofloxacin, Gentamycin and Augmentin, respectively. The isolates of Proteus mirabilis showed complete susceptibility in Imipenem/Cilastatin and CefrtiaxoneSulbactarm and complete resistance in Augmentin, Cefotaxime, Gentamycin, Nalidixic Acid, Nitrofurantoin, Cefuroxime, Ampiclox, Cefexime and Levofloxacin. Klebsiella pneumoniae to Levofloxacin and 45.5% susceptibility to Augmentin, Ofloxacin, Ceftriaxone and Ampiclox at 54.5%, 27.3% and 18.2%, respectively. While complete resistance was seen in Cefotaxime, Nalidixic Acid, Nitrofurantoin, Cefuroxime and Cefexime. Conclusion: Conclusively, this study revealed the Antibiotic susceptibility pattern of the isolated bacteria. Treatment guidelines for use of antibiotics should be formulated based on the hospital formulary and the sensitivity patterns. This should be reviewed occasionally to ensure rational use of antibiotics

scholarly journals Antibiotic Susceptibility of High Vaginal Swab’s Isolates Obtained from the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital, Rivers State, Nigeria

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
E. Effiong ◽  
N. N. Ndukwe ◽  
Y. S. Wali
Keyword(s):  
Teaching Hospital ◽  
Adaptive Strategy ◽  
Vaginal Swab ◽  
Herbal Remedies ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Self Medication ◽  
Port Harcourt ◽  
Antibiotics Susceptibility ◽  
The University ◽  
Rivers State

Introduction: Bacterial vaginosis is caused by the invasion of the vagina by pathogenic microbiota with a unique adaptive strategy. Immunodeficiency and immune compromised female patients may have reported cases of this category of infections. Aims: This study evaluated the susceptibility pattern of High vaginal swab (HVS) isolates using both Optudisc and Abtek antibiotics susceptibility disc obtained from the Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology Unit, University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital (UPTH); Rivers State, South-South Nigeria. Study Design: Thirty (30) isolates with multidrug resistance were screened, selected and identified with frequencies of occurrence with 36.67% E. coli, 29.9% Klebsiella sp., 16.67% Staphylococcus aureus, 6.6% Pseudomonas sp. and 13.33% Proteus sp. The susceptibility of the isolates was assessed using Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method. Results: Over 80% were susceptible to Gentamicin, 64% to Ofloxacin, using the Abtex Biological Limited while Optudisc revealed 72% to Peflacin, Ciprofloxacin, Streptomycin, 60% resistant to Ampicillin, 56% to Nalidixic Acid, Septrin. About 100% sensitivity was observed in the second generation Cephalosporins, Cefuroxime and Ceftazidime, whereas 75% were resistant to Oxacillin and Augmentin. While Optudisc for Gram-positive isolates were 100% susceptible to Levofloxacin and Ciprofloxacin. Statistical analysis using t-test at p< 0.05 showed that mean results using the different disc were significant. Conclusion: The trend in the susceptibility of isolates was attributed to the spate of self-medication and abuse and misuse of herbal remedies. These findings underscore the need to enforce proper susceptibility testing prior to administration of therapeutic formulations.

Isolation and Identification of Multidrug-Resistant Isolates of Uropathogenic Klebsiella spp in Dogs

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-12
Author(s):  
M Mustapha ◽  
P Goel
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Penicillin G ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Sensitivity Testing ◽  
Bacterial Organism ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Klebsiella Spp

The most widespread ailments in dogs are urinary tract infections (UTIs) caused by bacterial species. It is necessary to recognize the prevailing bacterial pathogens and their susceptibility to antimicrobial agents to effectively treat UTIs. The present study aimed to classify the bacterial organism that causes UTIs in dogs and their patterns of antimicrobial resistance. A total of 141 urine samples were collected from diseased dogs in Veterinary Clinical Complex LUVAS in Hisar, India. Culture, biochemical and sensitivity testing were performed for each of the urine samples based on standard method. Of the total 141 urine samples from dogs, 21 (14.9%) isolates were identified as Klebsiella spp. The isolates were found to be highly resistant to ampicillin (100%), penicillin G (100%), oxytetracycline (100%), enrofloxacin (85.7%), chloramphenicol (80.6%), ceftriaxone (76.2%) and cloxacillin (71.4%), while susceptibility was observed against gentamicin (100%), amikacin (100%) and neomycin (90.5%). In the current study, 19 out of 21 identified isolates were found to be multidrug-resistant. This study indicates that dogs in the study area are found to harbor highly resistant Klebsiella spp. Therefore, when deciding on the antibiotic regimen for UTIs cases, Vets should consider resistance profile of chosen antibacterial agents before usage in order to discourage dissemination of resistant organisms in the study area.

scholarly journals EPIDEMIOLOGY, BACTERIAL PROFILE, AND ANTIBIOTIC SENSITIVITY OF LOWER RESPIRATORY TRACT INFECTIONS IN SANA’A AND DHAMAR CITY, YEMEN

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdulrahman Y. Al-Haifi ◽  
Abdul Salam Mohamed Al Makdad ◽  
Mohammed Kassim Salah ◽  
Hassan A. Al-Shamahy ◽  
Wadee Abdullah Abdulwahid Al Shehari
Keyword(s):  
Peer Review ◽  
High Resistance ◽  
Bacterial Pathogens ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Sensitivity Testing ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
E Mail

Objectives:  Lower respiratory infections (LRTIs) are the leading reason of death infectious diseases in the world and the fifth leading cause of death in general. The study aimed to identify the general characteristics of LRTI, the causative bacteria and the results of sensitivity to antibiotics. Subjects and methods:  A multicentre prospective study was performed at 3 University hospitals. The study included 555 clinical diagnostic cases as LRTI cases, 328 male and 227 female, aged 3 to 69 years. Clinical and demographic data were collected in the standard questionnaire, and samples included sputum or bronchial lavage (BAL) staining and culture. Samples were cultured in 3 different bacterial media, blood agar and LJ slope, chocolate agar with Co2; cultures were then examined for possible bacterial pathogens of LRTI. Possible bacterial pathogens were isolated and identified by standard laboratory techniques, and microbial sensitivity testing was carried out by disc diffusion method. Results:  LRTI was recorded among all age groups and with less frequency in children less than 16 years of age. A large number of LRTI (36.2%) was not diagnosed, most in CAP (52.4%), followed by HAP (33.9%) while unidentified cases were lower in AECOPD (22.8%). CAP isolates are K. pneumoniae (26.2%), S. pyogens (12.3%), and S. pneumoniae (9%); in HAP are MSSA (24%), E. Coli (12.9%), MRAS (11.1%), K. pneumoniae (10.5%) and P. aeruginosa (7%); and in AECOPD are M. catarrhalis (47.2%), K. pneumoniae (17.2%), H. influnzae (10.7%) and P. aeruginosa (2%). In Gram-positive bacteria, high resistance to ampicillin/sulbactam (100%) and amoxicillin/clavulanate (100%) was recorded, while moderate resistance to amikacin, vancomycin, cefepime and moxifloxacin was recorded. In Gram-negative bacteria, a high resistance to 3rd g Cephalosporin’s  (68.5%) was recorded, while a moderate sensitivity to the other antibiotics tested was recorded. Conclusion:  There is a high rate of undiagnosed LRTI in Yemen and this highlights the need for health authorities to develop strategies to diagnose most of the causes of LRTI, including Mycoplasma, Chlamydia, and viral causes. No antibiotics are completely effective in treating LRTI in our area and antibiotic sensitivity should be performed in all cases. Peer Review History: Received 22 April 2019; Revised 4 May; Accepted 9 May, Available online 15 May 2020 UJPR follows the most transparent and toughest ‘Advanced OPEN peer review’ system. The identity of the authors and, reviewers will be known to each other. This transparent process will help to eradicate any possible malicious/purposeful interference by any person (publishing staff, reviewer, editor, author, etc) during peer review. As a result of this unique system, all reviewers will get their due recognition and respect, once their names are published in the papers. We expect that, by publishing peer review reports with published papers, will be helpful to many authors for drafting their article according to the specifications. Auhors will remove any error of their article and they will improve their article(s) according to the previous reports displayed with published article(s). The main purpose of it is ‘to improve the quality of a candidate manuscript’. Our reviewers check the ‘strength and weakness of a manuscript honestly’. There will increase in the perfection, and transparency. Received file Average Peer review marks at initial stage: 6.0/10 Average Peer review marks at publication stage: 8.0/10 Reviewer(s) detail: Name: Dr. Michael Otakhor Erhunmwunse Affiliation: St. Philomena Catholic Hospital, Nigeria E-mail: [email protected]   Name: Dr. Amany Mohamed Alboghdadly Affiliation: Princess Nourah bint abdulrahman university, Riyadh E-mail: [email protected] Comments of reviewer(s): Similar Articles: BIOFILM FORMATION AND ANTIBIOTIC SUSCEPTIBILITY OF UROPATHOGENS IN PATIENTS WITH CATHETER ASSOCIATED URINARY TRACT INFECTIONS IN IBB CITY -YEMEN PREVALENCE, ANTIMICROBIAL SUSCEPTIBILITY PATTERN AND RISK FACTORS OF MRSA ISOLATED FROM CLINICAL SPECIMENS AMONG MILITARY PATIENTS AT 48 MEDICAL COMPOUND IN SANA'A CITY-YEMEN

scholarly journals Prevalence and Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern of Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamases Producing Escherichia Coli Isolated from Outpatients with Urinary Tract Infections in Babol, Northern of Iran

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 61-64
Author(s):  
Mana Baziboroun ◽  
Masomeh Bayani ◽  
Zahra Poormontaseri ◽  
Mehran Shokri ◽  
Tahmineh Biazar
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Therapy ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Susceptibility Data ◽  
Extended Spectrum ◽  
North Of Iran ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Tract Infections

AbstractReceived 08 November 2017 Accepted 15 February 2018 The incidence of community-acquired UTIs due to extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) producing E. coli isolates, has increased worldwide and is considered a great problem in the treatment of infections. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of ESBL producing E. coli isolates in urine samples of outpatients in Babol, North of Iran. A total of 3 699 urine samples from outpatients referred to Yahyanejad Hospital, Babol, Iran, were collected during 15 months, from March 2016 to June 2017. The samples were processed for bacterial culture using conventional methods, while antimicrobial susceptibility testing for E. coli isolates was performed by the disc diffusion method. The prevalence of ESBL producing E. coli isolates were assessed by Double-Disc tests. Of 3699 tested sample, 201 samples showed the growth of pathogens and among them, 106 isolates (52/7%) were E. coli. The rate of ESBL producing E. coli isolates was 25/4%.The majority (81/5%) of the isolates were from females. High percent resistance was found against ceftazidime, cefotaxime, ceftriaxone, cefixime and ciprofloxacin, ranging from 61-100%, while the highest percent susceptibility was seen to meropenem, piperacillin- tazobactam (100%), followed by nitrofurantoin and amikacin (91%). The high prevalence of ESBL producing E. coli isolates from outpatients calls for the need to aware of this increasing resistance between uropathogens and update bacterial susceptibility data and to set up our empirical therapy accordingly.

scholarly journals Molecular Characterization of Multidrug Resistant Uropathogenic E. Coli Isolates from Jordanian Patients

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yacoub R. Nairoukh ◽  
Azmi M. Mahafzah ◽  
Amal Irshaid ◽  
Asem A. Shehabi
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Urinary Tract Infections ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Molecular Characteristics ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
St131 Clone

Background: Emergence of multi-drug resistant uropathogenic E. coli strains is an increasing problem to empirical treatment of urinary tract infections in many countries. This study investigated the magnitude of this problem in Jordan. Methods: A total of 262 E. coli isolates were recovered from urine samples of Jordanian patients which were suspected to have urinary tract infections (UTIs). All isolates were primarily identified by routine biochemical tests and tested for antimicrobial susceptibility by disc diffusion method. Fifty representative Multidrug Resistance (MDR) E. coli isolates to 3 or more antibiotic classes were tested for the presence of resistance genes of blaCTX-M- 1, 9 and 15, carbapenemase (blaIMP, blaVIM, blaNDM-1, blaOXA-48), fluoroquinolones mutated genes (parC and gyrA) and clone of ST131 type using PCR methods. Results: A total of 150/262 (57.3%) of E. coli isolates were MDR. Urine samples of hospitalized patients showed significantly more MDR isolates than outpatients. Fifty representative MDR E. coli isolates indicated the following molecular characteristics: All were positive for mutated parC gene and gyrA and for ST131 clone, and 78% were positive for genes of CTX-M-15, 76% for CTX-M-I and for 8% CTX-M-9, respectively. Additionally, all 50 MDR E. coli isolates were negative for carbapenemase genes (blaIMP, blaVIM, blaNDM-1, blaOXA-48), except of one isolate was positive for blaKPC-2 . Conclusion: This study indicates alarming high rates recovery of MDR uropathogenic E. coli from Jordanian patients associated with high rates of positive ST131 clone, fluoroquinolone resistant and important types of blaCTX-M.

scholarly journals Antibiotics Resistance Profile of Uropathogens Isolated from Al Buraimi Hospital, Sultanate of Oman

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 98
Author(s):  
Mansoor Khalid ◽  
Maryam Khalifa Al Naimi ◽  
Hafiz Ghulam Murtaza Saleem ◽  
Muhammad Muqeet Ullah ◽  
Ahmed Yar Mohammed Dawood Al Baloshi
Keyword(s):  
Urine Samples ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Antibiotics Resistance ◽  
Sultanate Of Oman ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Klebsiella Species ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Resistance Profile ◽  
Positive Urine ◽  
Tract Infections

BACKGROUND: Urinary tract infections (UTIs) is a worldwide problem of all age groups and gender. Emerging resistance to antibiotics making difficult in the choice of treatment and management of UTI cases. This study sought to determine the gender wise prevalence of common uropathogens from UTI patients and the resistance profile of uropathogens against commonly used antibiotics.METHOD: This cross sectional study was conducted in Al Buraimi Hospital, Sultanate of Oman. The data of UTI patients visited hospital was analyzed for the isolation of uropathogens from positive urine culture and antimicrobial sensitivity test was performed by disc diffusion method. Descriptive statistics was used to analyze the data using SPSS 21.0 and Microsoft Excel.RESULT: Total 4,480 urine samples were analyzed for isolation of uropathogens and significant bacteriuria were found in total 846 (19%) samples. Overall 728 (86%) Gram-negative and 118 (14%) Gram positive uropathogens were isolated from total (846) positive urine samples and the highest prevalence of isolates was observed in females 542(74%) than males 186(26%). E.coli was found the highest prevalent (50.3%) uropathogens followed by Klebsiella species (13.9%), Pseudomonas (6.3%), A.baumannii (4%), E.Cloacae (2.2%), Proteus species (1.4%), Citrobacter species (1.2%), M. morgani (0.3%) and Serratia species (0.1%). The highest (34.3%) antibiotic resistance was noticed in E.coli against Nalidixic Acid, however, susceptiblity was found against Ceftriaxone, Ceftazidime, Ciprofloxacin and Nitrofurantoin among female and males.CONCLUSION: Overall, β- lactam antibiotics, Cephalosporins, Fluroquiolones, Macrobids would be the first line of drugs and the most effective for the empirical treatment of Gram-negative and Gram-positive uropathogens; however Aminoglycosides, Carbapenems and Polymyxin could be used for the treatment of UTI infections as the second choice.

scholarly journals Detection of biofilm among uropathogenic Escherichia coli and its correlation with antibiotic resistance pattern

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (01) ◽  
pp. 017-022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rashmi M. Karigoudar ◽  
Mahesh H. Karigoudar ◽  
Sanjay M. Wavare ◽  
Smita S. Mangalgi
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Agar Plate ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Susceptibility Pattern ◽  
Sensitivity Testing ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Tract Infections

Abstract BACKGROUND: Escherichia coli accounts for 70%–95% of urinary tract infections (UTIs). UTI is a serious health problem with respect to antibiotic resistance and biofilms formation being the prime cause for the antibiotic resistance. Biofilm can restrict the diffusion of substances and binding of antimicrobials. In this context, the present study is aimed to perform in vitro detection of biofilm formation among E. coli strains isolated from urine and to correlate their susceptibility pattern with biofilm formation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 100 E. coli strains isolated from patients suffering from UTI were included in the study. The identification of E. coli was performed by colony morphology, Gram staining, and standard biochemical tests. The detection of biofilm was carried out by Congo Red Agar (CRA) method, tube method (TM), and tissue culture plate (TCP) method. Antimicrobial sensitivity testing was performed by Kirby–Bauer disc diffusion method on Muller–Hinton agar plate. RESULTS: Of the 100 E. coli strains, 49 (49%) and 51 (51%) were from catheterized and noncatheterized patients, respectively. Biofilm production was positive by CRA, TM, and TCP method were 49 (49%), 55 (55%), and 69 (69%), respectively. Biofilm producers showed maximum resistance to co-trimoxazole (73.9%), gentamicin (94.2%), and imipenem (11.6%) when compared to nonbiofilm producers. Significant association was seen between resistance to antibiotic and biofilm formation with a P = 0.01 (<0.05). CONCLUSION: A greater understanding of biofilm detection in E. coli will help in the development of newer and more effective treatment. The detection of biofilm formation and antibiotic susceptibility pattern helps in choosing the correct antibiotic therapy.

Microbiological Analysis of the Urine Isolates in Kathmandu Medical College Teaching Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 295-297 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Raza ◽  
S Pandey ◽  
C P Bhatt
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Urinary Tract Infections ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
College Teaching ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Microbiological Analysis ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility Test ◽  
Tract Infections

Background Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are the common cause of bacterial infection. Recently UTI become more complicated and difficult to treat because of appearance of pathogen with increasing resistance to antimicrobial agents. Objective To determine the etiology of the urinary tract infections and their susceptibility to antimicrobial agents. Methods This study was carried out in Kathmandu Medical College, at department of microbiology. Total 3,460 urine samples were tested microbiologically by standard procedure. Antibiotic susceptibility test was performed for all the isolates by Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method and result was interpreted according to National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards (NCCLS) guide line. Results Out of 3,460 urine samples 680 (19.7%) showed the significant bacteriuria. The most common pathogens isolated were Escherichia coli 75.7% followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae 10.7%, Acinetobacter spp 5.5%, Proteus spp 3.5% and Pseudomonas aeruginosa 1.2%. Most susceptible antibiotic was Amikacin, Ceftriaxone and Ciprofloxacin for most of the isolates. E. coli which was the main isolate was found to be most susceptible to Amikacin 96.1%, Nitrofurantoin 91.3% and Gentamicin 77.7% followed by Ceftriaxone 65.8% and Ciprofloxacin 64.1%. ConclusionRegular surveillance of the resistance rate among uro-pathogens is needed to ensure the appropriate therapy of UTI.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/kumj.v9i4.6348 Kathmandu Univ Med J 2011;9(4):295-7 

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