Effect of different proteolytic enzymes on liquefaction of semen of dromedary camel

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 335
Author(s):  
Mohd. Matin Ansari ◽  
Sumant Vyas, Rajesh K Sawal ◽  
Sanjay K. Ravi ◽  
Niteen V. Patil ◽  
Mustafa. Hasan Jan
Keyword(s):  
Proteolytic Enzymes ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Enzyme Treatment ◽  
Dromedary Camel ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Seminal Parameters ◽  
Phosphate Buffered Saline ◽  
Very High ◽  
Artificial Vagina

In most of domestic animals, semen biology is well studied, but it is not so well studied in camelids particularly in dromedary camels. In camelids, the ejaculated semen is highly viscous, so before its evaluation and processing for preservation, it is necessary to be liquefied. Our study was designed to evaluate the effect of three different enzymes (0.1% Collagenase, 0.5 X Accutase, 0.1% Trypsin-EDTA - Ethylene-diamine-tetra-acetic acid) on seminal viscosity at different time intervals along with its effects on seminal parameters. Semen was collected from the six adult healthy male camels using female camel as dummy. Bovine artificial vagina was used for the semen collection and ejaculate was kept at 37ºC for further processing after its collection. All three enzymes were diluted in 1x phosphate buffered saline (PBS) and the semen samples were kept at 37ºC. The samples were evaluated at different time intervals 0, 5, 10, 15, 30, 60, 120 and 240 min (T0–T240) for viscosity and it was evaluated by pipette method. Immediately after collection, the viscosity was very high, and no sperm mass motility was seen. However, after enzyme treatment viscosity was showed declining trend in all treatment groups compared to control. In trypsin treated group maximum motility was reached in 15 minutes. Live-dead percent was observed to be similar among treatment groups. Observations on liquefaction of semen revealed that use of enzymes decreasing the viscosity but with different rates.

scholarly journals Identification of Construction Areas from VHR-Satellite Images for Macroeconomic Forecasts

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (13) ◽  
pp. 2618
Author(s):  
Carsten Juergens ◽  
M. Fabian Meyer-Heß
Keyword(s):  
Early Identification ◽  
Satellite Images ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Knn Classification ◽  
New Construction ◽  
Multiresolution Segmentation ◽  
Specific Material ◽  
Available Information ◽  
Economic Forecasts ◽  
Very High

This contribution focuses on the utilization of very-high-resolution (VHR) images to identify construction areas and their temporal changes aiming to estimate the investment in construction as a basis for economic forecasts. Triggered by the need to improve macroeconomic forecasts and reduce their time intervals, the idea arose to use frequently available information derived from satellite imagery. For the improvement of macroeconomic forecasts, the period to detect changes between two points in time needs to be rather short because early identification of such investments is beneficial. Therefore, in this study, it is of interest to identify and quantify new construction areas, which will turn into build-up areas later. A multiresolution segmentation followed by a kNN classification is applied to WorldView images from an area around the southern part of Berlin, Germany. Specific material compositions of construction areas result in typical classification patterns different from other land cover classes. A GIS-based analysis follows to extract specific temporal “patterns of life” in construction areas. With the early identification of such patterns of life, it is possible to predict construction areas that will turn into real estate later. This information serves as an input for macroeconomic forecasts to support quicker forecasts in future.

scholarly journals Cystitis increases colorectal afferent sensitivity in the mouse

2009 ◽  
Vol 297 (6) ◽  
pp. G1250-G1258 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pablo Rodolfo Brumovsky ◽  
Bin Feng ◽  
Linjing Xu ◽  
Carly Jane McCarthy ◽  
G. F. Gebhart
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Bladder ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Mechanical Sensitivity ◽  
Pelvic Nerve ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Colon Inflammation ◽  
Afferent Fibers ◽  
Peripheral Mechanism ◽  
Inflammatory Soup

Studies in humans and rodents suggest that colon inflammation promotes urinary bladder hypersensitivity and, conversely, that cystitis contributes to colon hypersensitivity, events referred to as cross-organ sensitization. To investigate a potential peripheral mechanism, we examined whether cystitis alters the sensitivity of pelvic nerve colorectal afferents. Male C57BL/6 mice were treated with cyclophosphamide (CYP) or saline, and the mechanosensitive properties of single afferent fibers innervating the colorectum were studied with an in vitro preparation. In addition, mechanosensitive receptive endings were exposed to an inflammatory soup (IS) to study sensitization. Urinary bladder mechanosensitive afferents were also tested. We found that baseline responses of stretch-sensitive colorectal afferents did not differ between treatment groups. Whereas IS excited a proportion of colorectal afferents CYP treatment did not alter the magnitude of this response. However, the number of stretch-sensitive fibers excited by IS was increased relative to saline-treated mice. Responses to IS were not altered by CYP treatment, but the proportion of IS-responsive fibers was increased relative to saline-treated mice. In bladder, IS application increased responses of muscular afferents to stretch, although no differences were detected between saline- and CYP-treated mice. In contrast, their chemosensitivity to IS was decreased in the CYP-treated group. Histological examination revealed no changes in colorectum and modest edema and infiltration in the urinary bladder of CYP-treated mice. In conclusion, CYP treatment increased mechanical sensitivity of colorectal muscular afferents and increased the proportion of chemosensitive colorectal afferents. These data support a peripheral contribution to cross-organ sensitization of pelvic organs.

A prospective randomized study to assess the efficacy of post-operative nasal medication after endonasal surgery

1995 ◽  
Vol 109 (7) ◽  
pp. 618-621 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul D. R. Spraggs ◽  
Marcelle Macnamara ◽  
Theo Joseph
Keyword(s):  
Randomized Study ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Ephedrine Hydrochloride ◽  
Patent Airway ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Blood Clots ◽  
Betamethasone Sodium Phosphate

AbstractPost-operative nasal medications are commonly used following routine septal or turbinate surgery but their efficacy in removing blood clots, improving the sensation of a patent airway and promoting healing are unknown. This prospective randomized trial of patients undergoing septal and/or turbinate surgery assessed the efficacy of three commonly used nasal medicines, 0.5 per cent ephedrine hydrochloride nasal drops, betamethasone sodium phosphate (Betnosol®) nose drops and alkaline nasal douches, in producing the sensation of a patent airway in the 14 days following surgery. Ninety-seven patients were randomized into the three treatment groups and a control group who received no nasal medication. Patients assessed their nasal patency by means of a visual analogue scale (VAS) and any complications of treatment were recorded. Statistical analysis of the 76 complete sets of results using the Mann-Whitney U-test showed that there was a significant difference in the distribution of all of the treatments for each of the time intervals (p<0.05). Glass rank biserial correlation coefficients were all small (rg<0.085) but the most significant differences were between ephedrine and the control group at two hours, two, seven and 10 days (0.02, 0.054, 0.057, 0.085 respectively), alkaline nasal douches being most significant at four and 14 days (0.06 and 0.0722 respectively).

Hydroxyl Safflower Yellow Pigment A (HSYA) Improves Vascular Endothelial Injury Induced by Lipopolysaccharide In Vitro Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 1792-1798
Author(s):  
Li Yan ◽  
Ge Jingping ◽  
Yin Yuanyuan ◽  
Li Xiaomei ◽  
Zhao Boxiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Yellow Pigment ◽  
Endothelial Injury ◽  
Vitro Study ◽  
Vascular Endothelial ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Dose Dependent

Aim: This research was to investigate the effects and mechanisms of HSYA in vascular endothelial injury by vitro study. Methods: Dividing HUVECs as Normal Control (NC), Model (LPS treated) group, HSYA-L, HSYA-M and HSYA-H groups. Cells in the HSYA treatment groups were treated with LPS, followed by 40 mg/ml, 80 mg/ml, and 120 mg/ml HSYA intervention (HSYA-L, HSYA-M, and HSYA -H groups), respectively. Measuring the cell proliferation, apoptosis, relative proteins and mRNA (TLR4, MyD88 and NF-κB(p65)) expressions by MTT, Flow cytometry, WB and RT-qPCR assay. Using cellular immunofluorescence to evaluate NF-κB(p65) nuclear volume of difference groups. Results: With HSYA supplement, the cell proliferation rates were significantly up-regulation with cell apoptosis significantly down-regulation with TLR4 relatived mRNA and proteins and NF-κB(p65) nuclear significantly depressed with dose-dependent (P <0.05, respectively). Conclusion: HSYA improved vascular endothelial injury induced by LPS via TLR4 pathway In Vitro.

scholarly journals Counting Viruses and Bacteria in Photosynthetic Microbial Mats

2015 ◽  
Vol 81 (6) ◽  
pp. 2149-2155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cátia Carreira ◽  
Marc Staal ◽  
Mathias Middelboe ◽  
Corina P. D. Brussaard
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Mats ◽  
Enzyme Treatment ◽  
Epifluorescence Microscopy ◽  
Complex Matrix ◽  
Intertidal Sediments ◽  
Viral Ecology ◽  
Fixed Sample ◽  
Single Method ◽  
Very High ◽  
Probe Sonication

ABSTRACTViral abundances in benthic environments are the highest found in aquatic systems. Photosynthetic microbial mats represent benthic environments with high microbial activity and possibly high viral densities, yet viral abundances have not been examined in such systems. Existing extraction procedures typically used in benthic viral ecology were applied to the complex matrix of microbial mats but were found to inefficiently extract viruses. Here, we present a method for extraction and quantification of viruses from photosynthetic microbial mats using epifluorescence microscopy (EFM) and flow cytometry (FCM). A combination of EDTA addition, probe sonication, and enzyme treatment applied to a glutaraldehyde-fixed sample resulted in a substantially higher viral (5- to 33-fold) extraction efficiency and reduced background noise compared to previously published methods. Using this method, it was found that in general, intertidal photosynthetic microbial mats harbor very high viral abundances (2.8 × 1010± 0.3 × 1010g−1) compared with benthic habitats (107to 109g−1). This procedure also showed 4.5- and 4-fold-increased efficacies of extraction of viruses and bacteria, respectively, from intertidal sediments, allowing a single method to be used for the microbial mat and underlying sediment.

scholarly journals The Effect of Probabilistic Information on Threshold Forecasts

2007 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 804-812 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan Joslyn ◽  
Karla Pak ◽  
David Jones ◽  
John Pyles ◽  
Earl Hunt
Keyword(s):  
General Tendency ◽  
Laboratory Setting ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Probabilistic Information ◽  
Within Subjects ◽  
Low Probability ◽  
The Difference ◽  
High Winds ◽  
Very High

Abstract The study reported here asks whether the use of probabilistic information indicating forecast uncertainty improves the quality of deterministic weather decisions. Participants made realistic wind speed forecasts based on historical information in a controlled laboratory setting. They also decided whether it was appropriate to post an advisory for winds greater than 20 kt (10.29 m s−1) during the same time intervals and in the same geographic locations. On half of the forecasts each participant also read a color-coded chart showing the probability of winds greater than 20 kt. Participants had a general tendency to post too many advisories in the low probability situations (0%–10%) and too few advisories in very high probability situations (90%–100%). However, the probability product attenuated these biases. When participants used the probability product, they posted fewer advisories when the probability of high winds was low and they posted more advisories when the probability of high winds was high. The difference was due to the probability product alone because the within-subjects design and counterbalancing of forecast dates ruled out alternative explanations. The data suggest that the probability product improved threshold forecast decisions.

scholarly journals Association between the exposure to anti-angiogenic agents and tumour immune microenvironment in advanced gastrointestinal stromal tumours

2019 ◽  
Vol 121 (10) ◽  
pp. 819-826 ◽  
Author(s):  
Changhoon Yoo ◽  
Yeon-mi Ryu ◽  
Sang-Yeob Kim ◽  
Jihun Kim ◽  
Chan Young Ock ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor ◽  
Kinase Inhibitor ◽  
Foxp3 Expression ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Tumour Cells ◽  
Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumours ◽  
Immune Microenvironment ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Expression Rate

Abstract Background Tumour immune microenvironment (TIME) of gastrointestinal stromal tumours (GISTs) is largely unknown. Methods A total of 81 surgical specimens from 67 patients with advanced GISTs were categorised into treatment groups: tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI)-naive, n = 20; imatinib-progressed and no exposure to sunitinib or regorafenib (IM-PD), n = 30; and imatinib-progressed and sunitinib and/or regorafenib-treated (IM-PD/SU-treated), n = 31. Multiplexed immunofluorescence staining and RNA sequencing were performed to define TIME. Results PD-L1 expression rate (>1%) of DOG-1+ tumour cells was 5.0, 6.7, and 29.0% in TKI-naive, IM-PD, and IM-PD/SU-treated group, respectively (p = 0.02). FoxP3 expression of CD3+ T cells and CD204+ CD68+ monocytes per DOG-1+ cells was significantly higher in IM-PD/SU-treated group compared to TKI-naive and IM-PD groups (p < 0.05). IM-PD/SU-treated group showed increased expression of PD-1 on CD3+ T cells (p = 0.03 vs TKI-naive; p = 0.003 vs IM-PD) and DOG-1+ tumour cells (p = 0.02 vs TKI-naive; p = 0.006 vs IM-PD), TIM-3 expression on CD3+ T cells (p = 0.01 vs TKI-naive; p = 0.002 vs IM-PD), and LAG3 expression on CD3+ T cells (p = 0.001 vs TKI-naive; p = 0.004 vs IM-PD). In the RNAseq analysis, TIGIT expression was significantly increased in IM-PD/SU-treated GISTs compared to IM-PD (p = 0.01). Conclusion Immunosuppressive phenotype was predominant in tumours treated with anti-angiogenic agents compared to TKI-naive and IM-treated tumours.

Surface Treatment of Wool to Achieve Hydrophilic Fibre and the Effect on Subsequent Dyeing and Protease Treatment

2012 ◽  
Vol 441 ◽  
pp. 249-254 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward Smith ◽  
Jin Song Shen
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Cetyltrimethylammonium Bromide ◽  
Treatment Process ◽  
Proteolytic Enzymes ◽  
Reactive Dyes ◽  
Fibre Surface ◽  
Enzyme Treatment ◽  
Lipid Layer ◽  
Alkaline Conditions ◽  
Protease Treatment

Wool was treated with cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) under alkaline conditions to remove the lipid layer from the fibre surface. A reduction in lipid content of 88% could be achieved resulting in a very hydrophilic fibre. The efficiency of dyeing with reactive dyes was improved. When treated with proteolytic enzymes (protease) a loss of enzyme activity occurred due to residual CTAB on the fibre surface. Residual CTAB could be removed from the fibre using solvent or anionic surfactant in acid conditions ensuring enzyme activity. Hydrophilic wool could promote a more efficient proteolytic enzyme treatment process.

An investigation into the efficacy of the Te Pari Patesco knife in providing a bare tip and the relationship between tail length and dag score in unmulesed Merino lambs

2012 ◽  
Vol 52 (7) ◽  
pp. 671
Author(s):  
J. E. Smith ◽  
R. G. Woodgate ◽  
C. A. Curnow ◽  
D. L. Michael ◽  
A. J. Van Burgel
Keyword(s):  
Tail Length ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
The Third ◽  
Tail Tip ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Marking Time ◽  
Standard Gas

This study investigated dag accumulation between marking time and first shearing and wool cover of the tip of the tail in a total of 842 ewes and wethers, tailed either at the second or third joint using a standard gas knife or at the third joint using the Te Pari Patesco gas knife. Four hundred of the ewes had further measurements taken in 2011. The Te Pari-treated animals had significantly (P < 0.05) less wool on the tail tip than lambs treated with a standard gas knife. There were no significant differences in dag score between treatment groups in 2010; however, there were significantly (P < 0.05) less dags on animals in the Te Pari-treated group in 2011. This effect needs to be further investigated in a range of sheep genotypes, locations and seasons.

104 COMPARING DIFFERENT LEVELS OF OSMOLALITY OF SUCROSE EXTENDER ON THE VIABILITY OF SPERMATOZOA IN BACTRIAN CAMEL (CAMELUS BACTRIANUS)

2006 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 160 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Mosaferi ◽  
A. Niasari-Naslaji ◽  
N. Bahmani ◽  
A. A. Gharahdaghi ◽  
A. Abarghani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Semen Quality ◽  
Egg Yolk ◽  
Bactrian Camel ◽  
Dromedary Camel ◽  
Camelus Bactrianus ◽  
Semen Collection ◽  
History Of ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Artificial Vagina

Disaccharides have been used as an extender for dromedary camel semen (Bravo et al. 2000 Anim. Reprod. Sci. 62, 173-193). More recently we have investigated the effect of different concentrations of lactose extender on the viability of Bactrian camel spermatozoa (Mosafer et al. 2005 Reprod. Fertil. Dev. 17, 197). Considering the osmolality (316.1 � 1.48 mOsm/kg) and pH (7.4 � 0.03) of Bactrian camel semen (Mosaferi et al. 2005 Theriogenology 63, 92-101), the objective of this study was to investigate the effect of osmolality of sucrose extender on the viability of Bactrian camel spermatozoa. Sucrose at the concentrations of 9, 10, 11, 12, and 13% with osmolalities of 292, 331, 356, 386, and 410 mOsm/kg, respectively, were prepared. All extenders contained 20% egg yolk and antibiotics, with pH adjusted to 6.9. Semen was collected from camels with a sound history of semen quality and fertility (n = 3) using a modified artificial vagina and divided into different treatments after mechanical reduction of semen viscosity (3). Progressive forward motility of spermatozoa was examined at the time of semen collection and at 4, 12, and 24 h after incubation at 4�C. Data were analyzed using the GLM procedure in SAS/STAT after arcsin transformation. At the time of semen dilution, the progressive forward motility of spermatozoa was greater at osmolality of 331 (23%) compared with 292 (1%), 386 (6%), and 410 (3.5%) mOsm/kg (P < 0.05). No progressive forward motility of spermatozoa was noticed after 4 h incubation at 4�C at osmolalities of 292, 386, and 410 mOsm/kg. At this time, a significant decrease (P < 0.05) of progressive forward motility occurred at osmolalities of 331 (4%) and 356 (0.5%) compared with that of the time of dilution. After 12 and 24 h incubation at 4�C, no progressive forward motility of spermatozoa was detected in any of these extenders. In conclusion, 10% sucrose (331 mOsm/kg) at the adjusted pH of 6.9 was the most suitable concentration of this disaccharide for preserving Bactrian camel semen for less than 4 h under chilled conditions.

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