scholarly journals The Development of Vehicle Brake Pad Using Local Materials - (Palm Kernel, Coconut And Cashew Shells As Base Materials).

2017 ◽  
Vol 07 (06) ◽  
pp. 61-67
Author(s):  
Ufuoma Peter Anaidhuno ◽  
Solomon Ologe ◽  
Francis Maduike ◽  
Chika Edith Mgbemena
Keyword(s):  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Brake Pad ◽  
Base Materials ◽  
Local Materials

A retrofit for asbestos-based brake pad employing palm kernel fiber as the base filler material

2018 ◽  
Vol 233 (9) ◽  
pp. 1906-1913 ◽  
Author(s):  
CH Achebe ◽  
JL Chukwuneke ◽  
FA Anene ◽  
CM Ewulonu
Keyword(s):  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Friction Material ◽  
Mechanical Tests ◽  
Filler Material ◽  
Oil Absorption ◽  
Brake Pad ◽  
Brake Pads ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Automotive Brake

The development of automobile brake pad using locally sourced palm kernel fiber was carried out. Asbestos, a carcinogenic material, has been used for decades as a friction material. This development has thus prompted a couple of research efforts geared towards its replacement for brake pad manufacture. Palm kernel fiber was used as an alternative filler material in conjunction with various quantities of epoxy resin as the matrix. Three sets of compositions were made, and the resulting specimens subjected to physical and mechanical tests using standard materials, procedures, and equipment. The essence is to determine their suitability and hence possible performance in service. The result showed that sample C with 40% palm kernel fiber content having hardness, compressive strength, abrasion resistance, specific gravity, water absorption, and oil absorption of 178 MPa, 96.2 MPa, 1.67 mg/m, 1.8 g/cm3, 1.86%, and 0.89%, respectively, had an optimum performance rating. It was equally ascertained that increase in the filler content had the effect of increase in hardness, wear resistance, and specific gravity of the composite brake pad, while water and oil absorption got decreased when compared with results obtained by other researchers using conventional brake pads made of other friction materials including asbestos. This is an indicator that palm kernel fiber is a possible and effective retrofit for asbestos as a filler material in automotive brake pad manufacture.

scholarly journals Effect of cane wood and palm kernel fibre filler on the compressive strength and density of automobile brake pad

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 168781402094761
Author(s):  
EN Obika ◽  
CH Achebe ◽  
JL Chukwuneke ◽  
ON Ezenwa
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Design Tool ◽  
Filler Materials ◽  
Brake Pad ◽  
Fibre Filler ◽  
Lack Of Fit ◽  
Wood Content ◽  
Central Composite ◽  
Experimental Runs

The study on the effect of cane wood and palm kernel as filler materials on the compressive strength and density of an automobile brake pad has been done. The Central Composite Design tool of the Design Expert 8 software was used to design percentage composition of the test samples for 20 experimental runs. To ascertain how well the factors fit in the design, the lack of fit test was performed. The analysis of variance shows that the developed models are significant and quadratic, showing that both materials affect the responses. On optimization, optimal compressive strength and density of 107.3 MPa and 1.73 g/cm3 were obtained for the composition of 30% resin content, 21.329% palm kernel fibre content and 40% cane wood content. Thus, the combination of cane wood and palm kernel fibre as filler material for brake pad production will give an automobile brake pad with good compressive strength and density.

Effect of Base Material on the Pore Size Distribution and Surface Area of Activated Carbon

2009 ◽  
Vol 62-64 ◽  
pp. 352-356 ◽  
Author(s):  
O.O. Ojo
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Pore Size ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Surface Properties ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Adsorptive Capacity ◽  
Corn Cobs ◽  
Base Materials ◽  
Materials Used

Powdered activated carbons were produced from palm kernel shells, corn cobs and cow bones by carbonization, pulverization and activation. The resulting granule has a surface area of 430.04 m2/g, 4022.15 m2/g and 733.60 m2/g respectively with controlled pore size. The characterized surface area enables the carbon to absorb vapors from gases, and substances from liquids. The surface properties are function of the base materials used in the preparation. Determinations of their adsorptive capacities show that activated carbon prepared from corn cobs has the highest adsorptive capacity. The surface properties are function of the base materials used in the preparation. Determinations of their adsorptive capacities show that activated carbon prepared from corn cobs has the highest adsorptive capacity.

scholarly journals Quality evaluation of fermented products of various local agroindustrials by-products: the effect on digestibility and growth performance of common carp juvenile

2013 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Agus Suprayudi ◽  
Gebbie Edriani ◽  
Julie Ekasari
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Common Carp ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Protein Digestibility ◽  
Feed Digestibility ◽  
Protein Energy ◽  
Kernel Meal ◽  
Palm Kernel Meal ◽  
Local Materials ◽  
Average Body

<p>The aim of this research was evaluating the quality and digestibility of fermented local feedstuff as well as its effect on growth performance of common carp <em>Cyprinus carpio </em>juvenile. The local feedstuffs tested in this experiment were kapok seed, cassava peel, copra, rubber seed, and palm kernel meal. The previously milled feedstuff was fermented with instant yeast <em>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</em> with a dose of 0.9% w/w and incubated for 24 hours. Following this, the fermented feedstuffs were dried, mixed with reference diet with a ratio of 3:7 and supplemented with 0.5% Cr<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> as digestibility test indicator. Common carp juveniles with an initial average body weight of 14,11±1,28 g were cultured for 30 days. Fish feces were collected since the 6<sup>th</sup> day of culture, and followed by laboratory analyses. The results show that fermentation could increase the crude protein content of feedstuff with a range of 16.85‒31.11%, and decrease crude fiber with a range of 2.45‒31.65% with the exception of copra. Furthermore, fermentation also increased the feed digestibility including protein, energy, and total digestibility by the tested fish, as it is shown that the use of fermented feedstuffs may increase protein digestibility 3.88‒11.73%, 2,21‒10,24%, and 3,63‒72,37%. Finally, it can be concluded that fermentation can increase the digestibility of feed with local ingredients by common carp juvenile.</p> <p> </p> Keywords: fermentation, digestibility, local materials, common carp

scholarly journals Study on tribological properties of palm kernel fiber for brake pad applications

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 015102 ◽  
Author(s):  
G Sai Krishnan ◽  
L Ganesh Babu ◽  
Raghuram Pradhan ◽  
S Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Tribological Properties ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Brake Pad

Masonry: the brittle or plastic material?

2019 ◽  
pp. 22-28
Keyword(s):  
Plastic Material ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Plastic Properties ◽  
Plastic Deformations ◽  
Base Materials ◽  
Stress States ◽  
Creep Deformations ◽  
Structural Point

The results of experimental studies of masonry on the action of dynamic and static (short-term and long-term) loads are presented. The possibility of plastic deformations in the masonry is analyzed for different types of force effects. The falsity of the proposed approach to the estimation of the coefficient of plasticity of masonry, taking into account the ratio of elastic and total deformations of the masonry is noted. The study of the works of Soviet scientists revealed that the masonry under the action of seismic loads refers to brittle materials in the complete absence of plastic properties in it in the process of instantaneous application of forces. For the cases of uniaxial and plane stress states of the masonry, data on the coefficient of plasticity obtained from the experiment are presented. On the basis of experimental studies the influence of the strength of the so-called base materials (brick, mortar) on the bearing capacity of the masonry, regardless of the nature of the application of forces and the type of its stress state, is noted. The analysis of works of prof. S. V. Polyakov makes it possible to draw a conclusion that at the long application of the load, characteristic for the masonry are not plastic deformations, but creep deformations. It is shown that the proposals of some authors on the need to reduce the level of adhesion of the mortar to the brick for the masonry erected in earthquake-prone regions in order to improve its plastic properties are erroneous both from the structural point of view and from the point of view of ensuring the seismic resistance of structures. It is noted that the proposal to assess the plasticity of the masonry of ceramic brick walls and large-format ceramic stone with a voidness of more than 20% is incorrect, and does not meet the work of the masonry of hollow material. On the basis of the analysis of a large number of research works it is concluded about the fragile work of masonry.

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