scholarly journals REVISITING THE FATE OF SIMBIRSK LIBRARY OF THE LITERARY CRITIC AND PUSHKINIST PAVEL VASILYEVICH ANNENKOV

2021 ◽  
pp. 120-126
Author(s):  
Andrey V. Mankov
Keyword(s):  
Social Life ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Cultural Development ◽  
Past Century ◽  
Honorary Member ◽  
Russian History ◽  
Literary Critic ◽  
Modern Culture ◽  
Russian Culture ◽  
The Past

The name of Pavel Annenkov belongs to the cohort of those remarkable figures of the Russian culture of the past, who after 1917 were almost completely forgotten. Except for the volume of his «Literary Memoirs», which was reprinted in 1928 and which quickly became a bibliographic rarity, and his memoirs about his meeting with N. V. Gogol in Rome in 1841, Annenkov was usually mentioned only as one of the opponents of the democratic revolutionaries. Attempts to present an objective portrait of him were few, and their results became known only to a narrow circle of specialists. Nevertheless, Annenkov knew personally K. Marx, A.I. Herzen, I.S. Turgenev, N.V. Gogol, N.P. Ogarev, and V.G. Belinsky. For his works on Pushkin, in 1880 when establishing a monument to Alexander Pushkin in Moscow on his birthday on June 6, Moscow University elected Annenkov as its honorary member. The situation changed a hundred years later, when in the 1980s some of Annenkov’s literary and critical articles began to be reprinted, then his «Literary Memoirs», «Paris Letters», «Pushkin in the Alexander Era» and, finally, in 1984–1985, his famous «Materials for the Biography of Alexander Pushkin» were reprinted twice. Published in a large circulation, with detailed introductory articles and comments, these books not only expanded the modern reader’s understanding of the literary and social life of Russia and Western Europe for almost three quarters of the past century, but also presented a close-up portrait of its author. However, the return of P.V. Annenkov to modern culture, in particular, to regional history, cannot be considered entirely accomplished. The author examines individual pages of Simbirsk stage in the biography of the writer and the fate of his library. It is concluded that Annenkov’s contribution to the cultural development of Simbirsk Volga region is of great interest for researchers of the Russian history in our time.

On the Move: Migration in an Italian Community, 1865–1921

1985 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
David I. Kertzer ◽  
Dennis P. Hogan
Keyword(s):  
Social History ◽  
Internal Migration ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Population Movement ◽  
Residential Stability ◽  
The Past ◽  
Peasant Community ◽  
Historical Periods ◽  
Italian Community

Internal migration remains one of the most important issues in European social history. Our entire concept of community and of social life rests on certain assumptions about residential stability, yet these assumptions have only been inadequately tested for most historical periods and in most places. We now know that previously accepted characterizations of the stable peasant community are erroneous, for numerous studies have documented the great population flux in much of western Europe in preindustrial times (Schofield, 1970; Tilly, 1978). Yet, for the most part, our ideas about life in communities of the past tend to rest on an assumption of a bedrock of residential stability to which the limited population movement is anchored.

Secular Changes in the Body Size of Non-Military Populations

1978 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 616-616
Author(s):  
Howard W. Stoudt
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Body Size ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
The Body ◽  
Past Century ◽  
The Past ◽  
Military Populations ◽  
Maximum Body ◽  
Maximum Body Size

People are getting bigger. Overall increases in body size can be documented for various worldwide populations for which adequate anthropometric data are available. In Western Europe and North America the increase in adult stature over the past century has commonly approximated one centimeter per decade, though with some variability between different groups. Other body dimensions, as well as weight, have also been increasing in both men and women and in different ethnic groups. The most likely explanations for such increases in body size are improved nutrition and better health care during growth years. Since such factors tend to be associated with higher socio-economic status, it is these groups who have demonstrated the most marked increases in body size in recent years. Many upper socio-economic groups have already attained most or all of their maximum body size potential, and will experience little further increase. On the other hand, those presently less favored groups who can still benefit from improved nutrition and health care will continue to show increases in body size until they also have reached their maximum potential.

Eating Together

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alice P. Julier
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
African American ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Social Inequalities ◽  
The United States ◽  
Past Century ◽  
The Past ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Moral Discourses

An insightful map of the landscape of social meals, this book argues that the ways in which Americans eat together play a central role in social life in the United States. Delving into a wide range of research, the author analyzes etiquette and entertaining books from the past century and conducts interviews and observations of dozens of African American and non-ethnic white hosts and guests at dinner parties, potlucks, and buffets. It finds that when people invite friends, neighbors, or family members to share meals within their households, social inequalities involving race, economics, and gender reveal themselves in interesting ways: relationships are defined, boundaries of intimacy or distance are set, and people find themselves either excluded or included. The book focuses on one particular type of sociable activity, the shared meal—and more narrowly, the shared meal that occurs in households and includes non-kin. It explores some of the moral discourses and texts that shape our understanding of food and social life in the United States.

scholarly journals Protection of Religious Feelings of Orthodox Christians in Russia and Modern Theatrical Art

2020 ◽  
pp. 79-87
Author(s):  
Назарий Петрович Чайковский
Keyword(s):  
Freedom Of Speech ◽  
Literary Work ◽  
Cultural Development ◽  
Modern Culture ◽  
The Past ◽  
Church Hierarchy ◽  
Theatrical Performances ◽  
Russian Law ◽  
Scientific Environment ◽  
The Church

За последнее десятилетие в современной России в светской творческой и научной среде сформировалась тенденция, суть которой можно свести к обвинению Церкви в конфронтации с современной культурой и искусством, в попытках навязать обществу религиозные нормы поведения, ограничить свободу слова, свободу творчества. Все чаще в адрес Церкви слышатся голоса, обвиняющие ее во вмешательстве в государственную политику, в попытках насаждения цензуры, в противодействии «прогрессивному культурному развитию», по примеру Западной цивилизации, в ретроградстве и «мракобесии». Все эти нападки со стороны представителей светской интеллигенции происходят на фоне весьма активных попыток провокации представителей церковной иерархии и православной общественности со стороны журналистов, режиссеров, театральных деятелей. Почвой, на которой в последнее время происходят подобные конфликты и столкновения, все чаще становятся те или иные литературные произведения, театральные постановки, а также кинематограф. Указанные литературные произведения, театральные постановки и произведения кинематографа могут в ряде случаев оскорблять религиозные чувства православных христиан. В настоящем исследовании проанализированы некоторые примеры на предмет их соответствия действующему российскому законодательству. Over the past decade, in modern Russia, a secular creative and scientific environment has formed a tendency, the essence of which can be reduced to accusing the Church of confrontation with modern culture and art, in attempts to impose religious norms of behavior on society, restrict freedom of speech, freedom of creativity. Increasingly, voices are being heard about the Church accusing it of interfering in public policy, of attempting to impose censorship, of countering «progressive cultural development», following the example of Western civilization, of retrograde and obscurantism. All these attacks by representatives of the secular intelligentsia are taking place against the backdrop of very active attempts to provoke representatives of the church hierarchy and the Orthodox community by journalists, directors, and theater figures. The ground on which recent similar conflicts and clashes have been taking place are some kind of literary work, theatrical performances, as well as cinema. The indicated literary works, theatrical productions and works of cinema can in some cases offend the religious feelings of Orthodox Christians. This study analyzed some examples of their compliance with current Russian law.

Faithful son of “that land, that air, those mountains, between which his cradle once swayed”. Book review: G. I. Gurkin and Gorny Altai - a genius and a place: an anthology. T. P. Shastina (Ed.). Gorno-Altaysk: AU RA “Literary and Publishing House “Altyn-Tuu”, 2019, 192 p.

2021 ◽  
pp. 331-335
Author(s):  
Elena N. Proskurina ◽  
◽  
Igor V. Silantev ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Publishing House ◽  
Past Century ◽  
Russian Culture ◽  
150Th Anniversary ◽  
The Past ◽  
Cultural Life ◽  
Gorny Altai ◽  
Literary Experiences

The anthology under review contains articles and notes from the Tomsk provincial periodicals of 1907-1917, dedicated to the exhibitions of the Altai artist G. I. Choros-Gurkin and presents a chronicle of the cultural life of Siberia in the 1920s. The book includes rare publications and archival materials, among which the literary experiences of the artist are of particular value. Also included are literary works of the second half of the twentieth century reflecting the evolution of the image of G. Gurkin from a contemporary to a genius of the place. The publication of this work dedicated to the 150th anniversary of his birth demonstrates the growing interest in the work of the Altai artist in the Russian cultural space, which began in the first years of the past century and is associated with such major names of Russian culture as G. N. Potanin, V. Ya. Shishkov, G. D. Grebenshchikov, A. V. Anokhin, I. I. Shishkin, and others.

Ruins and History: Observations on Russian Approaches to Destruction and Decay

Slavic Review ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 649-669 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Schönle
Keyword(s):  
Social Norms ◽  
Walter Benjamin ◽  
Denis Diderot ◽  
Russian History ◽  
Georg Simmel ◽  
Political Will ◽  
Russian Culture ◽  
The Past ◽  
Theodor Adorno ◽  
A Site

This article surveys theories of ruins and discusses their applicability to Russian history and culture. It identifies four major approaches to ruins: the ruin as a site of freedom from social norms and practices (Denis Diderot, Peter Fritzsche, Tim Edensor), the ruin as a reconciliation with nature (Georg Simmel), the ruin as the affirmation of modernity at the expense of the past (Max Horkheimer and Theodor Adorno), and the ruin as the emblem of on-going historical decay (Walter Benjamin). In contrast to western approaches to ruins, Schönle identifies a reluctance to aestheticize ruins in Russian culture. Yet ruins acquire a distinctive meaning in Russian culture, be it that they occur and disappear as a result of political will, that they serve as exemplars of imperial legitimacy and might, that they reveal the vulnerability of Russia's identity between east and west, or that they betoken the crushing of Utopian projects and the magnitude of historical devastation.

The zoonotic potential of bat-borne coronaviruses

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 365-381
Author(s):  
Ny Anjara Fifi Ravelomanantsoa ◽  
Sarah Guth ◽  
Angelo Andrianiaina ◽  
Santino Andry ◽  
Anecia Gentles ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Material ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Sympatric Species ◽  
Animal Origin ◽  
Mammalian Host ◽  
Past Century ◽  
The Past ◽  
Novel Host ◽  
Horseshoe Bat ◽  
Human Infections

Seven zoonoses — human infections of animal origin — have emerged from the Coronaviridae family in the past century, including three viruses responsible for significant human mortality (SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, and SARS-CoV-2) in the past twenty years alone. These three viruses, in addition to two older CoV zoonoses (HCoV-229E and HCoV-NL63) are believed to be originally derived from wild bat reservoir species. We review the molecular biology of the bat-derived Alpha- and Betacoronavirus genera, highlighting features that contribute to their potential for cross-species emergence, including the use of well-conserved mammalian host cell machinery for cell entry and a unique capacity for adaptation to novel host environments after host switching. The adaptive capacity of coronaviruses largely results from their large genomes, which reduce the risk of deleterious mutational errors and facilitate range-expanding recombination events by offering heightened redundancy in essential genetic material. Large CoV genomes are made possible by the unique proofreading capacity encoded for their RNA-dependent polymerase. We find that bat-borne SARS-related coronaviruses in the subgenus Sarbecovirus, the source clade for SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2, present a particularly poignant pandemic threat, due to the extraordinary viral genetic diversity represented among several sympatric species of their horseshoe bat hosts. To date, Sarbecovirus surveillance has been almost entirely restricted to China. More vigorous field research efforts tracking the circulation of Sarbecoviruses specifically and Betacoronaviruses more generally is needed across a broader global range if we are to avoid future repeats of the COVID-19 pandemic.

PCSK9 inhibition for LDL lowering and beyond – implications for patients with peripheral artery disease

VASA ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 165-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katrin Gebauer ◽  
Holger Reinecke
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Risk Reduction ◽  
Ldl Receptor ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Past Century ◽  
Pcsk9 Inhibitors ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Reduction ◽  
Simultaneous Application ◽  
The Past ◽  
Pcsk9 Inhibition

Abstract. Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) has been proven to be a causal factor of atherosclerosis and, along with other triggers like inflammation, the most frequent reason for peripheral arterial disease. Moreover, a linear correlation between LDL-C concentration and cardiovascular outcome in high-risk patients could be established during the past century. After the development of statins, numerous randomized trials have shown the superiority for LDL-C reduction and hence the decrease in cardiovascular outcomes including mortality. Over the past decades it became evident that more intense LDL-C lowering, by either the use of highly potent statin supplements or by additional cholesterol absorption inhibitor application, accounted for an even more profound cardiovascular risk reduction. Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9), a serin protease with effect on the LDL receptor cycle leading to its degradation and therefore preventing continuing LDL-C clearance from the blood, is the target of a newly developed monoclonal antibody facilitating astounding LDL-C reduction far below to what has been set as target level by recent ESC/EAS guidelines in management of dyslipidaemias. Large randomized outcome trials including subjects with PAD so far have been able to prove significant and even more intense cardiovascular risk reduction via further LDL-C debasement on top of high-intensity statin medication. Another approach for LDL-C reduction is a silencing interfering RNA muting the translation of PCSK9 intracellularly. Moreover, PCSK9 concentrations are elevated in cells involved in plaque composition, so the potency of intracellular PCSK9 inhibition and therefore prevention or reversal of plaques may provide this mechanism of action on PCSK9 with additional beneficial effects on cells involved in plaque formation. Thus, simultaneous application of statins and PCSK9 inhibitors promise to reduce cardiovascular event burden by both LDL-C reduction and pleiotropic effects of both agents.

Archaeology in the Past Century

1901 ◽  
Vol 51 (1309supp) ◽  
pp. 20976-20977
Author(s):  
W. M. Flinders Petrje
Keyword(s):  
Past Century ◽  
The Past

Catholicism and Cosmopolitanism: the Confluence of Three Catholic Scholars and the Cosmopolitan Democrats on State Sovereignty and the Future of Global Governance

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 37-51
Author(s):  
Matthew Bagot
Keyword(s):  
Global Governance ◽  
State Sovereignty ◽  
Current Debate ◽  
Past Century ◽  
Jacques Maritain ◽  
The Past ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
The Future ◽  
Cosmopolitan Democracy ◽  
Catholic Tradition

One of the central questions in international relations today is how we should conceive of state sovereignty. The notion of sovereignty—’supreme authority within a territory’, as Daniel Philpott defines it—emerged after the Treaty of Westphalia in 1648 as a result of which the late medieval crisis of pluralism was settled. But recent changes in the international order, such as technological advances that have spurred globalization and the emerging norm of the Responsibility to Protect, have cast the notion of sovereignty into an unclear light. The purpose of this paper is to contribute to the current debate regarding sovereignty by exploring two schools of thought on the matter: first, three Catholic scholars from the past century—Luigi Sturzo, Jacques Maritain, and John Courtney Murray, S.J.—taken as representative of Catholic tradition; second, a number of contemporary political theorists of cosmopolitan democracy. The paper argues that there is a confluence between the Catholic thinkers and the cosmopolitan democrats regarding their understanding of state sovereignty and that, taken together, the two schools have much to contribute not only to our current understanding of sovereignty, but also to the future of global governance.

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