Association between being metabolically healthy/unhealthy and metabolic syndrome in Iranian adults

Introduction The prevalence of metabolically healthy obesity (MHO) varies based on different criteria. We assessed the prevalence of MHO and metabolic unhealthiness based on body mass index (BMI) and their association with metabolic syndrome (MetS) in a nation-wide study. Methods Data were taken from the STEPs 2016 study, from 18,459 Iranians aged ≥25 years. Demographic, metabolic, and anthropometric data were collected. Subjects were stratified by BMI, metabolic unhealthiness, and having MetS. The latter was defined based on National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III 2004 (NCEP ATP III), was then assessed. Results The prevalence of MHO and metabolic unhealthiness in obese subjects was 7.5% (about 3.6 million) and 18.3% (about 8.9 million), respectively. Most of the metabolic unhealthy individuals were female (53.5%) or urban residents (72.9%). Low physical activity was significantly and positively associated (Odds Ratio: 1.18, 95% CI: 1.04–1.35) with metabolic unhealthiness, while being a rural residence (0.83, 0.74–0.93), and having higher education (0.47, 0.39–0.58) significantly but negatively affected it. Dyslipidemia was the most frequent MetS component with a prevalence rate of 46.6% (42.1–51.1), 62.2% (60.8–63.6), 76.3% (75.1–77.5), and 83.4% (82.1–84.6) among underweight, normal weight, overweight and obese phenotypes, respectively. Conclusion BMI aside, an additional set of criteria such as metabolic markers should be taken into account to identify normal weight but metabolically unhealthy individuals. Given the highest prevalence of dyslipidemia among obese subjects, further interventions are required to raise public awareness, promote healthy lifestyles and establish lipid clinics.

Risk assessment of metabolic syndrome prevalence involving sedentary occupations and socioeconomic status

ObjectivesTo determine whether occupation type, distinguished by socioeconomic status (SES) and sedentary status, is associated with metabolic syndrome (MetS) risk.MethodsWe analysed two data sets covering 73 506 individuals. MetS was identified according to the criteria of the modified Adult Treatment Panel III. Eight occupational categories were considered: professionals, technical workers, managers, salespeople, service staff, administrative staff, manual labourers and taxi drivers; occupations were grouped into non-sedentary; sedentary, high-SES; and sedentary, non-high-SES occupations. A multiple logistic regression was used to determine significant risk factors for MetS in three age-stratified subgroups. R software for Windows (V.3.5.1) was used for all statistical analyses.ResultsMetS prevalence increased with age. Among participants aged ≤40 years, where MetS prevalence was low at 6.23%, having a non-sedentary occupation reduced MetS risk (OR=0.88, p<0.0295). Among participants aged >60 years, having a sedentary, high-SES occupation significantly increased (OR=1.39, p<0.0247) MetS risk.ConclusionsThe influence of occupation type on MetS risk differs among age groups. Non-sedentary occupations and sedentary, high-SES occupations decrease and increase MetS risk, respectively, among younger and older adults, respectively. Authorities should focus on individuals in sedentary, high-SES occupations.

Metabolic Syndrome in Patients of a Psychosocial Care Center in Brazil: A Cross-Sectional Study

Background: Metabolic syndrome (MS) is associated with a greater risk of morbimortality. Ob-jective: To estimate the prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome (MS) and associated factors in patients of a Psychosocial Care Center (CAPS) in the city of Salvador, state of Bahia, Brazil. Method: Cross-sectional study set at CAPS in the city of Salvador-Bahia, between August 2019 and February 2020. MS was evaluated according to the National Cholesterol Education Program's Adult Treatment Panel III. In addition to descriptive statistics, gross and adjusted prevalence ratios were described. Results: MS was found in 100 (35.2%) individuals, 116 (40.9%) were obese and 165 (58.1%) had increased waist circumference. Polypharmacy was identified in 63 (22.3%) patients and 243 (85.9%) used antipsychotics. In the gross evaluation, the female (PR = 1.88; 95% CI: 1.35-2.63) and the use of antidepressants (PR = 1.41; 95%CI: 1.05-1.88) were associated with MS. After logistic re-gression, depression (PR = 1.86; 95%CI: 1.38-2.51), acanthosis (PR = 1.50; 95%CI: 1.18 - 1.90), use of antipsychotics (PR = 1.88; 95%CI: 1.13 - 2.75) and the hypertriglyceremic waist (PR = 3.33; 95%CI: 2.48- 4.46) were associated with MS. Conclusion: The prevalence of MS alerts to multimorbidity among individuals with mental disorders and the need for clinical screening.

Fatores associados à síndrome metabólica em idosos residentes em comunidade

Objetivo: verificar a prevalência e fatores associados à síndrome metabólica (SM) em idosos residentes em comunidade. Metodologia: trata-se de um estudo transversal, aninhado a uma coorte, de base populacional, com 259 idosos de idade ≥60 anos do município de Aiquara-BA. A coleta de dados foi realizada de janeiro a junho de 2015, em três fases: aplicação de questionário no domicílio; mensuração de medidas antropométricas; realização de exames laboratoriais. A SM foi identificada utilizando-se os critérios definidos pelo National Cholesterol Education Program’s – Adult Treatment Panel III. Realizou-se estatística descritiva e inferencial. A associação entre a SM e as variáveis independentes foram verificadas por meio de análises brutas e ajustadas usando a regressão de Poisson, com cálculo robusto de razões de prevalência (RP), intervalo de confiança de 95% (IC95%), com p-valor<0,05, adotando um modelo de análise hierarquizada. Resultados: a prevalência de SM entre os idosos foi de 45,6% e os principais fatores que permaneceram associados após análise ajustada foi o sexo feminino (RP=1,65; IC95% 1,25-2,18) e o IMC, sendo o sobrepeso um fator de risco (RP=1,67; IC95% 1,28-2,17) e o baixo peso um fator de proteção (RP=0,24; IC95% 0,10-0,56). Conclusão: conclui-se que a prevalência de SM nos idosos residentes em Aiquara-BA é alta e está associada ao sexo feminino e à obesidade.

Hubungan antara sindrom metabolik dengan kebugaran jasmani pada lansia

Prevalensi sindrom metabolik pada lansia cukup tinggi. Sindrom metabolik dapat dicegah salah satunya dengan aktivitas fisik. Aktivitas fisik juga dapat meningkatkan kebugaran kardiorespirasi, kelenturan sendi, keseimbangan dan kekuatan otot. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara sindrom metabolik dengan kebugaran kardiorespirasi, fleksibilitas, kekuatan, dan keseimbangan pada lansia. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian cross sectional dengan teknik consecutive sampling pada 118 lansia di Yogyakarta. Sindrom metabolik ditetapkan berdasarkan kriteria diagnosis dari Adult Treatment Panel. Instrumen yang digunakan untuk mengumpulkan data adalah tes jalan 6 menit (6-minute walking test), sit and reach, hand grip dynamometer, leg and back dynamometer dan berdiri satu kaki. Teknik analisis dengan menggunakan uji korelasi Spearman. Hasil dari penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sebanyak 32 lansia mengalami sindrom metabolik. Tujuh puluh dari 118 orang memiliki data yang lengkap untuk analisis korelasi. Terdapat korelasi antara sindrom metabolik dengan kekuatan otot tungkai/leg strength (r=-0,295, p=0,013) dan keseimbangan (r=-0,282, p=0,018), namun tidak ada korelasi antara sindrom metabolik dengan kekuatan peras tangan/hand grip, kekuatan otot punggung/back strength (p=0,405), kebugaran kardiorespirasi (p=0,103) dan fleksibilitas (p=0,488). Dapat disimpulkan bahwa lansia yang terdiagnosis mengalami sindrom metabolik cenderung mengalami pelemahan kekuatan tungkai dan penurunan keseimbangan. Oleh karenanya, lansia perlu melakukan aktivitas fisik untuk meningkatkan kekuatan otot tungkai dan keseimbangan. The Correlation between metabolic syndrome and physical fitness in elderly AbstractThe prevalence of metabolic syndrome in the elderly is quite high. One way to prevent metabolic syndrome is by being physical active. Physical activity can also improve cardiorespiratory fitness, joint flexibility, balance and muscle strength. This study aimed to determine the relationship between metabolic syndrome and cardiorespiratory fitness, flexibility, strength, and balance in the elderly. This study was a cross sectional study with a consecutive sampling technique on 118 elderly people in Yogyakarta. Metabolic syndrome was defined based on the diagnostic criteria from the Adult Treatment Panel. The instruments used to collect the data were a 6-minute walking test, sit and reach, hand grip dynamometer, leg and back dynamometer and standing on one leg. The analysis technique used the Spearman correlation test. The results of the study showed that 32 elderly had metabolic syndrome. Seventy out of 118 people had complete data for correlation analysis. There was a correlation between metabolic syndrome and leg muscle strength (r = -0.295, p = 0.013) and balance (r = -0.282, p = 0.018), but there was no correlation between metabolic syndrome and hand grip strength. back muscle strength (p = 0.405), cardiorespiratory fitness (p = 0.103) and flexibility (p = 0.488). It can be concluded that the elderly who are diagnosed with metabolic syndrome tend to experience weakened leg strength and decreased balance. Therefore, the elderly need to do physical activity to improve leg muscle strength and balance.

Circadian Rhythm Alteration and Metabolic Syndrome

There is growing scientific evidence that connects circadian rhythm abnormalities with cardiovascular risk factors. Due to their work schedules, shift workers are exposed to changes in their circadian rhythm that are associated with metabolic syndrome (MS). Aim: To determine the relationship between shift work and metabolic syndrome. Methodology: This is a cross-sectional observational study. The sample included 300 adult volunteers, health workers of a public hospital in the city of Riobamba, Ecuador. The diagnosis of MS was made based on the criteria bythe Adult Treatment Panel III (ATP III). In addition, sleep quality was assessed through the Pittsburg sleep quality index. Cluster analysis of K-means was used to identify representative groups. In addition, chi-squared test and ANOVA were used to determine the association between variables. Results: Three conglomerates based on age and sex were established, which were numbered consecutively 1, 2 and 3. Conglomerate 1 had a statistically higher percentage of people who worked in shifts, suffered MS and had worse sleep quality than the other two conglomerates. In conclusión, shift work is related to the risk of suffering from MS and poor quality of sleep. Keywords: shift work, metabolic syndrome, sleep quality, k medias clusters. Resumen Introducción: La evidencia creciente conecta las alteraciones del ritmo circadiano con factores de riesgo cardiovascular. Los trabajadores por turnos debido a sus horarios de trabajo están expuestos a alteraciones de su ritmo circadiano que se asocian a síndrome metabólico (SM). Objetivo: Determinar la relación entre trabajo por turnos y síndrome metabólico. Metodología: Estudio observacional transversal. La muestra incluyó 300 voluntarios adultos, empleados sanitarios de un hospital público de la ciudad de Riobamba, Ecuador. El diagnóstico de SM se realizó con base en los criterios del Adult Treatment Panel III (ATP III). Además, se evaluó la calidad del sueño a través del índice de la calidad de sueño de Pittsburg. Se utilizó el análisis de clúster de K medias para identificar grupos representativos, además Chi2 y ANOVA para determinar asociación entre las variables. Resultados: Se establecieron tres clusters basados en edad y sexo, los que fueron numerados de forma consecutiva 1, 2 y 3. El cluster 1 tuvo un porcentaje estadísticamente más alto de personas que trabajaban por turnos, sufrían SM y que presentaron peor calidad de sueño que los otros dos clusters. Conclusiones: El trabajo por turnos se relaciona con el riesgo de sufrir SM y mala calidad de sueño. Palabras clave: trabajo por turnos, síndrome metabólico, calidad del sueño, análisis de k medias.

Metabolic syndrome in skin tags: a hospital based observational study

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background: </strong>The aim was to evaluate the parameters of metabolic syndrome in patients of skin tags and to investigate the possibility of an existing relationship between metabolic syndrome and skin tags.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional observational study included 47 patients with skin tags attended Outpatient department (OPD) of Department of Dermatology at a tertiary care center during a period of 1 year. Clinical and laboratory parameters were noted in each patient.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results: </strong>This study included 47 patients with skin tags (28 males and 19 females). In the present study maximum number of patients belonged to the age group &gt;40 years with 19 patients, followed by 30-40 years with 13 patient. In this study no. of students were 15, and no of employee were 11. Most patients had skin tags in more than one area, neck and axilla were involved in 9 patients each. In this study out of 47 patients. 11 patients had derangement of clinical and laboratory parameters of metabolic syndrome based on NCEP adult treatment panel III.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> In the present study we observed significant derangement of clinical and laboratory parameters of metabolic syndrome in patients of skin tags. </p>

Correlation of Hyperandrogenemia and Metabolic Syndrome in Thai Women With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS).

Objective: To investigate the prevalence of metabolic syndrome compared between hyperandrogenemia and non-hyperandrogenemia in Thai women with PCOS, and to identify factors significantly associated with metabolic syndrome in this PCOS population.Methods: Thai PCOS women were conducted during 2010-2018. Patients were categorized into the non-hyperandrogenemia group or the hyperandrogenemia group defined by total testosterone >0.8 ng/mL or free testosterone >0.006 ng/mL or dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S) >350 mcg/dL. Metabolic syndrome was diagnosed according to National Cholesterol Education Program-Adult Treatment Panel III criteria. Demographic, anthropometric, clinical, and biochemical blood data were collected and analyzed.Results: 520 PCOS women were included. 22.6% had metabolic syndrome and 75.0% had hyperandrogenemia. Free testosterone cut-off to define hyperandrogenemia for determining metabolic syndrome in PCOS yielded the highest sensitivity (88.9%) and the highest negative predictive value (90.8%). The prevalence of metabolic syndrome was 27.1% in hyperandrogenemia and 9.2% in non-hyperandrogenemia. Factors significantly associating with metabolic syndrome in Thai PCOS women were age, BMI, free testosterone, and DHEA-S.Conclusion: The prevalence of metabolic syndrome was to be significantly higher in hyperandrogenemia women than in their non-hyperandrogenemia counterparts. Older age, higher BMI, higher free testosterone, and lower DHEA-S were all identified as factors significantly associated with metabolic syndrome.

Interações medicamentosas potenciais em idosos com síndrome metabólica

A síndrome Metabólica (SM) é um conjunto de manifestações clínicas crônicas e complexas que possui alta prevalência em idosos, levando-os a utilizar múltiplos medicamentos e tornando-os mais suscetíveis ao aparecimento de interações medicamentosas potenciais (IMP). Objetivou-se estimar a prevalência e fatores associados a interações medicamentosas potenciais em idosos diagnosticados com síndrome metabólica. Trata-se de um estudo transversal, de base populacional e domiciliar realizado com 118 idosos com diagnóstico de SM confirmado, segundo critérios do National Cholesterol Education Program’s – Adult Treatment Panel III; as IMP foram identificadas utilizando o programa Medscape®. A análise descritiva e bivariada dos dados foi realizada no software SPSS v.21. Avaliou-se a associação entre as variáveis por meio do teste qui-quadrado, adotando-se o nível de significância p<0,05. A prevalência de IMP foi de 27,1% e esteve significativamente associada a utilização de serviços de saúde (p=0,04), com os critérios de diagnóstico para SM (p=0,05) e com o uso de tabaco (p=0,03). Obteve-se um total de 145 IMP, com média de 4,5 por paciente. Quanto à classificação da gravidade, 76,6% das IMP apresentavam necessidade de monitoramento; 13,2% foram classificadas como menor e 10,2% como graves. Conclui-se que os idosos com SM apresentaram uma prevalência de IMP considerável, estando associada a utilização de serviços de saúde, aos critérios de diagnósticos da SM e ao uso de tabaco. Sugere-se a necessidade de acompanhamento desses idosos por parte da equipe de saúde, principalmente pelo farmacêutico.

Relación entre la longitud relativa de piernas cortas con síndrome metabólico y sus componentes en adultos jóvenes de Oaxaca.

Introducción:La longitud relativa de pierna (LRP) ha retomado importancia, no solo como indicador de crecimiento, sino por la posible asociación que tienen las piernas cortas y estaturas bajas con la presencia de síndrome metabólico (SM). Objetivo:Evaluar la relación entre el retraso en el crecimiento y el síndrome metabólico y sus componentes en adultos jóvenes de Oaxaca. Métodos:Se realizó un estudio transversal en una muestra de 224 estudiantes entre 18 a 30 años. Se evaluó LRP y para diagnosticar SM se hicieron mediciones antropométricas y bioquímicas acordes al Adult Treatment Panel III (ATP-III). Para el análisis se eligieron grupos extremos (piernas cortas y largas) del cual se compararon sus medias, se hizó correlación de Pearson para evaluar asociación y mediante regresión lineal múltiple se determinó significancia estadística. Resultados:Se determinó que el 8.9% presentaba piernas cortas con una prevalencia de SM en un 32.5%. No se encontró asociación de la LRP corta con el SM o alguno de los componentes del ATP III, pero si para el porcentaje de grasa en mujeres. Conclusión: La grasa corporal es un indicador más sensible al riesgo de presentar SM en personas con piernas cortas en comparación de los componentes diagnósticos habituales.