scholarly journals Removal of Organic Pollutants from Textile Mill Effluent using Azadirachta Indica Powder

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (24) ◽  
pp. 1412
Author(s):  
Geetha Devi ◽  
Moza Saif Alkalbani ◽  
Anna Jesil ◽  
Joefel Jessica Casino Dumaran ◽  
Sonia Ibarra Buscano
Keyword(s):  
Organic Pollutants ◽  
Azadirachta Indica ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Processing Conditions ◽  
Textile Mill ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Effective Removal ◽  
Stirring Time ◽  
Scanning Electron ◽  
Promising Type

Due to stringent environmental regulations and increased awareness about the environment, effluent treatment has always been a key aspect of research. Textile industry is one of the oldest and technologically advanced complex industrial sectors employing variety of chemicals and large amount of fresh water consumption. These effluents contain substantial amount of organic pollutants and suspended impurities in varying compositions and hence cannot be discharged directly into the environment. The current research work focused on the utilization of Azadirachta Indica powder as a natural adsorbent for the effective removal of organic and suspended pollutants from textile mill effluent. A series of batch experimental studies were performed by varying the pH of textile mill effluent, stirring time, stirring speed and dosage of Azadirachta Indica powder. Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), Total Suspended Solids (TSS), Dissolved Oxygen (DO), conductivity, and turbidity were estimated to study the performance of Azadirachta Indica powder in the removal of pollutants. The characterizations of Azadirachta Indica powder before and after treatment are performed using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX), X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). The best processing conditions for the effective removal of pollutants from textile mill effluent was obtained at an effluent solution pH 4.0, stirring time 90 min, stirring speed 150 rpm with 1.0 g of Azadirachta Indica powder. The surface morphological structure of Azadirachta Indica powder after batch treatment using scanning electron microscopy indicated that the pollutants are accumulated in the form of clusters on the adsorbent surface. The FTIR spectral analysis indicates the chemical interaction between adsorbent powder and organic pollutants illustrate the characteristic peaks. The study demonstrates that the Azadirachta indica is a promising type of biomass for the effective removal of pollutants from textile mill effluent. HIGHLIGHTS In this research, Azadirachta Indica powder was employed as a natural adsorbent for the effective removal of pollutants from textile mill effluent Batch experimental studies were performed by varying the pH of textile mill effluent, stirring time, stirring speed and dosage of Azadirachta Indica powder and the optimum processing conditions were established The study demonstrates that the Azadirachta indica is a promising type of biomass for the effective removal of pollutants from textile mill effluent GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT

EPITAXIAL GROWTH OF YTTRIA-STABILIZED ZIRCONIA FILMS ON SILICON BY R.F. MAGNETRON SPUTTERING

1991 ◽  
Vol 05 (27) ◽  
pp. 1829-1835 ◽  
Author(s):  
Q.X. SU ◽  
L. LI ◽  
Y.Y. ZHAO ◽  
Y.Z. ZHANG ◽  
P. XU
Keyword(s):  
Magnetron Sputtering ◽  
Yttria Stabilized Zirconia ◽  
Processing Conditions ◽  
Full Width ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Stabilized Zirconia ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Si Substrates ◽  
Zirconia Films ◽  
Scanning Electron

Yttria-stabilized Zirconia(YSZ) films were deposited on (100)Si substrates by R.F. magnetron sputtering method. X-ray diffraction analysis showed that the best YSZ films were cubic in structure and was grown epitaxially with (100) orientation. The (200) peak of YSZ films was 0.8° of the full width at half of the maximum, X-ray diffraction based on Seemann-Bohlin focusing geometry showed no peaks. The morphology of the YSZ films was observed by scanning electron microscopy. The effects of the processing conditions (such as substrate temperature, oxygen partial pressure, etc.) on the structure of the film were also discussed.

Effect of Processing Conditions on Properties of KMnO4-Treated PAN Fibers

2013 ◽  
Vol 821-822 ◽  
pp. 23-27
Author(s):  
Xiang Li ◽  
Chun Yi Liu ◽  
Ai Wen Qin ◽  
Xin Zhen Zhao ◽  
Chun Ju He
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Chemical Structure ◽  
Suitable Condition ◽  
Wide Angle ◽  
Processing Conditions ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Scanning Electron ◽  
Pan Fibers

Plasticized polyacrylonitrile(PAN) fibers have been chemically impregnated with aqueous solution of KMnO4under varying conditions of temperature and time. The effect of modification conditions on the chemical structure and the mechanical properties of precursor fibers are characterized by wide-angle X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscope. The experimental results show that KMnO4can be used not only as catalyst for cyclization reaction, but also as plasticizer. The chemical modification between KMnO4and PAN can not occur below70°C, the most suitable condition for modification is performed at 80°C for 5 min.

scholarly journals POLYMINERAL COMPOSITE BINDERS FOR FOAM CONCRETE: FEATURES OF HYDRATION AND HARDENING

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 122-135
Author(s):  
V. V. Voronov ◽  
E. S. Glagolev
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Portland Cement ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Heat Dissipation ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Foam Concrete ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Mineral Additives ◽  
Scanning Electron

Introduction. The paper devotes to the features of hydration and hardening of polymineral composite binders. The authors carry out the complex research of the phase composition, hydration and structure formation processes of hardened composite binders with active mineral additives by X-ray phase analysis, differential scanning calorimetry and electron microscopy. The study using a Tescan MIRA 3 scanning electron microscope reveals differences in the microstructure of hardened binders and the authors confirm the results by microprobe studies. The authors study the hydration of the composite binder prepared on the basis of Portland cement and mineral components. Moreover, the paper demonstrates the dynamics of the system’s heat dissipation from the moment of mixing with water and hardening up to 24 hours and up to 72 hours by the expressed bond of dQ / dt = f (t) using a differential calorimeter.Methods and materials. The authors carried out experimental studies at Belgorod State Technological University named after V.G. Shukhov, at the Department of Building Materials, Products and Structures, at the High Technology Center and “BelGTASM-Certificate” Test Center. Therefore, the authors used the existing basic research methods, including modern physicochemical methods of analysis: X-ray phase, scanning electron microscopy, etc. The paper determined the main characteristics of raw materials, composite binders and foam concrete using standard methods and regulatory requirements.Results. The authors obtained the results that testified the peculiarities of hydration and hardening processes of polymineral composite binders on the basis of Portland cement and mineral additives: opoka marl and fly ash.Conclusion. The research establishes the hydration and hardening processes of polymineral composite binders. As a result, the authors demonstrate that the opoka marl introduced into the cement leads to the increased hydration in the induction and accelerated periods and also increases the hydration completeness of the main clinker minerals due to the manifestation of the pozzolanic reaction and the active binding of blocking Portlandite, as well as to the higher concentration of accumulated neoplasms, second generation calcium hydrosilicates.Financial transparency: the authors have no financial interest in the presented materials or methods. There is no conflict of interest.

scholarly journals Studies on the removal of copper ions from industrial effluent by Azadirachta indica powder

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Suhair Saif Al Moharbi ◽  
M. Geetha Devi ◽  
B. M. Sangeetha ◽  
Shah Jahan
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Azadirachta Indica ◽  
Copper Ions ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Industrial Effluent ◽  
Experimental Result ◽  
Pollution Level ◽  
Solution Ph ◽  
Stirring Time ◽  
Leaf Powder

AbstractRapid industrialization, urbanization and population growth have resulted in air, water and land pollution. Water pollution is a major concern across the globe. Discharge of huge amount of industrial wastewater adversely affects the human and environment. Heavy metal pollution is considered to be one of the serious environmental problems today. Due to strict environmental regulations in the country, it is required to bring down the pollution level to a permissible limit. The present study assessed the capability of Azadirachta indica (neem leaf) powder as a natural adsorbent in the removal of copper ions from aqueous solutions. The characterization of the adsorbent was performed using X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. Series of batch experimental studies were carried out by changing the solution pH, stirring time, adsorbent dosage and stirring speed in the removal of copper from aqueous solution using A. indica as biosorbent. The experimental result shows that the percentage removal of copper was highest at the following optimized conditions: pH 7.0, stirring time 60 min and biosorbent dosage of 1.0 g and at 125 RPM speed. The studies indicate that A. indica is considered to be a promising type of biomass for the removal of copper ions from aqueous solutions.

scholarly journals Element composition of additive products from electroerozive cobalt-chromum powders

2018 ◽  
Vol 224 ◽  
pp. 01124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evgeny Ageev ◽  
Alexandr Altukhov ◽  
Alexandr Novikov
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Butyl Alcohol ◽  
Working Fluid ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
Dispersion Parameters ◽  
Technical Literature ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Conductive Materials ◽  
Scanning Electron ◽  
Cobalt Chrome

The wide use of the EED method for processing metal waste into powders for the purpose of their reuse and application in additive technologies is hampered by the lack in the scientific and technical literature of full-fledged information on the effect of the initial composition, regimes and media on the properties of powders and technologies of practical application. Therefore, in order to develop technologies for the reuse of electroerosive powders and to evaluate the effectiveness of their use, complex theoretical and experimental studies are required. The aim of the work was to conduct X-ray spectral microanalysis of additive products from electroerosive cobalt-chrome powders. For the implementation of the planned studies, wastes of the cobaltochrome alloy of the brand KHMS “CELLIT” were chosen. As a working fluid, butyl alcohol (butanol-1) was used. For the production of cobalt-chrome powders, a unit for EED of conductive materials was used. Dispersion parameters: voltage 100 V, capacity 48 μF, repetition rate 120 Hz. The microstructure of the samples (on the surface) was studied by scanning electron microscopy. The surface of the samples was ground and polished. With the help of an energy-dispersive X-ray analyzer from EDAX, built into the scanning electron microscope QUANTA 200 3D, spectra of characteristic X-ray radiation were obtained at various points on the surface of the sample and along the cross-section. Based on the results of X-ray spectral analysis of additive products from electroerosive cobalt-chrome powders, it has been established experimentally that the main elements in them are Co, Mo, and Cr.

Preparation of Nickel Powders by the Reduction of Hydrazine of Ni(OH)2 Reactant Slurries from Nonaqueous Media

2006 ◽  
Vol 510-511 ◽  
pp. 722-725
Author(s):  
Yang Do Kim ◽  
Eun Young Choi ◽  
Yoon Bok Lee ◽  
Young Seok Kim ◽  
Hyong Kuk Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Aqueous Media ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Processing Conditions ◽  
Nonaqueous Media ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Nickel Powders ◽  
Scanning Electron

Nickel powders were prepared by the reduction of hydrazine of Ni(OH)2 reactant slurries from non-aqueous media. The morphological characteristics of nickel powders were investigated under various processing conditions. Nickel powders were characterized by using scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray diffractometer (XRD), thermal gravitational analysis (TGA) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The size of nickel powders was increased as the reaction temperature and time increased because of the thermal agglomeration of nuclei and/or increased growth rate. The surface of nickel powders composed of both Ni and Ni(OH)2 was oxidized in the temperature range of 400-600°C.

scholarly journals CHARACTERISTICS OF FRAGMENTS OF SHELLS AFTER HITTING THE TRIPLEX GLASS OF THE CAR WITH SHOTS FROM A HUNTING "SAIGA" CARBINE UNDER THE CARTRIDGE 5, 45X39

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergey Leonov
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Foreign Bodies ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Dispersion Analysis ◽  
Energy Dispersion ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Wooden Frame ◽  
Eds Analysis ◽  
Scanning Electron

Abstract. The article is devoted to the possibilities of innovative research methods in forensic medicine-scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersion analysis. The described methods were used in conducting experimental studies in the case of a gunshot retrograde injury. Aim. The purpose of the work was to study the particles formed during the destruction of a semi-shell shell and an obstacle (triplex car glass) when fired from a hunting Saiga carbine with 5. 45x39 cartridges. Material and methods. Car triplex windshields from BMW and Mercedes-Benz cars were used as a barrier. The shots were fired from a hunting Saiga carbine with a 5.45x39 cartridge. The shots were fired from a distance of 10 m. As targets, white calico with dimensions of 100x150 cm was used, stretched on a wooden frame, or fixed on a chipboard. The distance between the target and the barrier was 100 cm, which roughly corresponded to the distance from the windshield of the car to the driver and the passenger in the front seat. The studies were carried out using the SEM "Hitachi FlexSem1000 II" and the energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometer "Bruker Quantax 80". Results. As a result of the conducted research with the help of microscopy, the presence of 7 types of foreign bodies on the surface of the target was established, which are the products of the destruction of the fire projectile and the barrier: glass fragments; glass fragments; crumbly deposition of glass particles; glass fragments caked with the metal of the projectile; fragments of the projectile; spherical metal particles; overlays of molten metal in the form of puddles. With the help of energy dispersion analysis, it was possible to determine the elemental composition of the particles of the barrier, the fire shell, and to identify the overlap of the target particles. Conclusion. As a result of the experimental study, it was found that the use of SEM and EDS analysis significantly increases the effectiveness and evidence-based expert research in solving the problems of causing damage through the barrier-the windscreen of modern cars. Key words: scanning electron microscopy, gunshot trauma, energy dispersion analysis, fragments of the barrier.

MANUFACTURE OF THE WELL-KNOWN CENTRAL AND NORTHEASTERN EUROPEAN EYE FIBULAE: PREVIOUSLY UNKNOWN TRICKS OF THE TRADE

Radiocarbon ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Audronė Bliujienė ◽  
Kęstutis Peseckas ◽  
Justina Šapolaitė ◽  
Žilvinas Ežerinskis ◽  
Jurga Bagdzevičienė ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Roman Empire ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Copper Alloys ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Widespread Distribution ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Manufacturing Techniques ◽  
Manufacturing Technologies ◽  
Northeastern Europe ◽  
Scanning Electron

ABSTRACT The emergence and widespread distribution of eye fibulae as adornment objects, from the northern provinces of the Roman Empire to northeastern Europe and Scandinavia, as well as their typology have been widely explored. Currently in Lithuania, a total of 209 eye fibulae dating to the 1st and 2nd centuries are known. The geographical distribution, typology and chronology of these Early Roman Period jewelry artifacts do not present any problem. However, the technology of manufacture of these fibulae has been much less studied. The present article analyzes the technology of manufacture of Prussian series eye fibulae, including the previously unknown specific manufacturing techniques, such as the use of wooden axes to modify the construction of the fibula and make it more durable and long lasting. Radiocarbon (14C) dating has unambiguously confirmed that the wooden axes are contemporaneous with the time of the use of the fibulae, while observation under the scanning electron microscope has identified wood species used for making the wooden axes. The X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (XRF) analysis was used to determine the copper alloys, of which eye fibulae were made. The manufacturing technologies of eye fibulae (forging and casting) are discussed in the context of analytical and experimental studies.

Effect of Nanocrystallization-Assisted Nitriding on the Corrosion Behavior of AISI 4140 Steel

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhencheng Ren ◽  
Xiaoning Hou ◽  
Yalin Dong ◽  
Chang Ye
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Processing Conditions ◽  
Nitrogen Diffusion ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Aisi 4140 Steel ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Innovative Process ◽  
Micro Channels ◽  
Aisi 4140 ◽  
Scanning Electron

In this study, an innovative process called nanocrystallization-assisted nitriding was used to process 4140 steels. First, a nanocrystalline surface layer was induced in 4140 steel by ultrasonic nanocrystal surface modification (UNSM). The abundant nanoscale grain boundaries provide micro-channels for efficient nitrogen diffusion during nitriding at relatively low temperature (450 °C) and short duration (4 hours). The samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectroscopy. The hardness and corrosion resistance were examined and compared for samples after different processing conditions. It has been demonstrated that the sample processed by nanocrystallization-assisted nitriding has much higher hardness and corrosion resistance compared with the samples processed by nitriding only.

The Use of Advanced Analytical Techniques for Characterization of the Chemical, Physical, and Crystallographic Nature of a Surface

1973 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 132-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. E. Herfert
Keyword(s):  
Surface Characterization ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Depth Of Penetration ◽  
X Ray ◽  
The Past ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Scanning Electron

Studies of the nature of a surface, either metallic or nonmetallic, in the past, have been limited to the instrumentation available for these measurements. In the past, optical microscopy, replica transmission electron microscopy, electron or X-ray diffraction and optical or X-ray spectroscopy have provided the means of surface characterization. Actually, some of these techniques are not purely surface; the depth of penetration may be a few thousands of an inch. Within the last five years, instrumentation has been made available which now makes it practical for use to study the outer few 100A of layers and characterize it completely from a chemical, physical, and crystallographic standpoint. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) provides a means of viewing the surface of a material in situ to magnifications as high as 250,000X.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document