scholarly journals GENDER DIFFERENCES AND AGGRESSION: A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF YOUNG AND ADULT ATHLETES

2021 ◽  
Vol 02 (01) ◽  
pp. 49-53
Author(s):  
Alia Khan ◽  
Habib Ullah ◽  
Sundus Iftikhar
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
Young Athletes ◽  
Male Athletes ◽  
Male Athlete ◽  
Sports Clubs ◽  
The Difference ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Age Range

This comparative study was adopted to compare the level of the aggression among young and adult athletes and gender differences in aggression. The subjects were N=120 (Male=66 & Female 54) athletes from the different colleges, universities and sports clubs in Faisalabad, the age range of young athletes 12 to 18 years and adult athletes age between 20 to 30 years part of the sample. Buss & Perry Aggression scale was used to measure aggression and reliability of scale (Cornbrash’s Alpha = 0.814). Results of multivariate analysis of the varia (Independent T-Test) T=9.02 p<0.03 Percent shows the difference between young and adults’ athletes’ aggressive behavior, Male athlete score high on the aggression scale rather than female. There is the significant aggression difference between male and female athletes in sports. Male athletes are more aggressive as compare female athletes (T=9.86, P<0.02) in aggression.

scholarly journals A comparative study on intraocular pressure under various anesthetics in cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis)

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong-Soo Lee ◽  
Da-Hee Kim ◽  
Sung-Hwan Kim ◽  
Min-Sung Kang ◽  
Han Na Suh
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Intraocular Pressure ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Macaca Fascicularis ◽  
Nonhuman Primates ◽  
Cynomolgus Monkeys ◽  
The Difference ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Right

Abstract Background Nonhuman primates (NHPs) are superior model for ocular research due to its morphological and physiological similarities with humans. Thus, the effect of four different anesthetic combinations [ketamine (10 mg/kg), ketamine + xylazine (7 + 0.6 mg/kg), zoletil (4 mg/kg), and zoletil + xylazine (4 + 0.2 mg/kg)] on intraocular pressure (IOP) was determined in cynomolgus monkeys. Results The administration of ketamine + xylazine or zoletil + xylazine resulted in lower IOP compared to ketamine or zoletil alone. Moreover, the IOP in male monkeys was higher than in females. The difference between the right and left eye was not found. Conclusions Anesthetics affected the IOP, and gender differences should be considered when measuring the IOP of nonhuman primates (NHPs).

scholarly journals FEATURES OF SELF-ESTEEM AND ITS INFLUENCE ON THE EFFECTIVENESS OF COMPETITIVE ACTIVITY OF QUALIFIED TAEKWONDO ATHLETES

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 169-182
Author(s):  
Romoldanova Iryna ◽  
Vysochina Nadiia
Keyword(s):  
Female Athletes ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Young Athletes ◽  
Skill Levels ◽  
Observation Methods ◽  
Competitive Activity ◽  
Effectiveness Of Training ◽  
And Gender ◽  
High Level ◽  
First Time

Introduction. The article discusses the features of self-esteem in taekwondo athletes of various skill levels and gender. The important role of diagnostics of the level of self-esteem of taekwondo athletes in the process of purposeful preparation of athletes for international competitions is pointed out. The interrelation of self-esteem with the effectiveness of competitive activity of qualified taekwondo athletes is shown.Aim is to study the level of self-esteem of taekwondo athletes of various qualifications and to establish its relationship with the effectiveness of training and competitive activity of athletes.Material and methods: analysis of literary sources and Internet, expert survey, pedagogical observation,methods of psychodiagnostics, methods of mathematical statistics.Results. It was found that more experienced taekwondo athletes who train in the second and more Olympic four-year cycle have a higher level of self-esteem in comparison with young athletes who are preparing for the Olympic Games for the first time. The lowest level of self-esteem (63.10 ± 11.34, p<0.05) was observed in young athletes who are preparing for the first time for responsible international competitions.Experienced male and female athletes had approximately the same high level of self-esteem manifestation (p> 0.05). Statistically significant correlations between the level of self-assessment of taekwondo athletes and the effectiveness of their competitive activity were established. Athletes with a higher level of self-esteem were distinguished by higher rates of impact efficiency (%) during performance in real competition conditions. Conclusion. The importance of research and further correction of the level of self-esteem of taekwondo athletes in the process of training athletes in the framework of four-year Olympic cycles is emphasized.

scholarly journals Tooth extraction: Pattern and etiology from extreme Northwestern Nigeria

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (03) ◽  
pp. 335-339 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdurrazaq Olanrewaju Taiwo ◽  
Adebayo Aremu Ibikunle ◽  
Ramat Oyebunmi Braimah ◽  
Omotayo Amidu Sulaiman ◽  
Olalekan Micah Gbotolorun
Keyword(s):  
Periodontal Disease ◽  
Tooth Extraction ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Urban Region ◽  
Geographical Regions ◽  
Extraction Pattern ◽  
The Difference ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Age Range

ABSTRACT Objective: Tooth extraction is a commonly performed procedure in dental clinics. It has been shown that the reasons for and pattern of tooth extraction vary across geographical regions. Few reports on the pattern of extraction among a semi-urban populace exist. To the best of our knowledge, there is no study on the pattern and reasons for tooth mortality from Sokoto, Northwestern Nigeria, which is a semi-urban region. Materials and Methods: A review of the records of patients that had tooth extraction at our center between January 2009 and January 2016, was done. Data such as the age, gender, type of tooth extracted, and reasons for extraction were retrieved and analyzed. Cross tabulations for age and gender were also made. The level of statistical significance was set at P < 0.05. Results: A total of 1167 extractions were performed in 984 patients. An age range of 18–107 years with a mean (±standard deviation) of 34.8 (13.3) was observed. Most of the patients were in the 21–30 years age group accounting for 35.7% of cases. Dental caries and its sequelae (DCS) (631, 54.1%) were the most common reasons for extraction, followed by periodontal disease (192, 16.5%). The difference in proportions of reasons for tooth extraction between the gender was statistically significant (P = 0.02; df = 24). The difference in the reasons for extraction among the age groups was statistically significant (P < 0.001; df = 132). Conclusion: DCS along with periodontal disease were the major reasons for extractions. These are largely preventable causes of tooth extraction; therefore, there is a need for commencement of far-reaching preventative actions.

scholarly journals A Temporal Examination of Elite Performers Sources of Sport-Confidence

2010 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 313-332 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kieran Kingston ◽  
Andrew Lane ◽  
Owen Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
Temporal Changes ◽  
Male Athletes ◽  
Self Presentation ◽  
Mental Preparation ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Main Effects

This study examined temporal changes in sources of sport-confidence during the build up to an important competition. Elite individual athletes (N = 54) completed the Sources of Sport-Confidence Questionnaire (SSCQ) at five precompetition phases (6 weeks, 4 weeks, 3 weeks, 2 weeks and 1 week before competition). A two-factor (gender x time-to-competition) MANOVA revealed no significant interactions, but highlighted both time-to-competition and gender main effects. Time-to-competition main effects indicated the importance placed upon demonstration of ability, physical/mental preparation, physical self-presentation and situational favorableness sources of sport-confidence changed during the precompetition phase. Gender main effects revealed that female athletes demonstrated a significantly greater reliance on sources associated with mastery, physical self-presentation, social support, environmental comfort and coach’s leadership than male athletes. These findings emphasize the benefit of considering sources of sport-confidence as competition approaches; they may have implications for the design and timing of confidence based interventions.

scholarly journals Feeling Of Insecurity In Working And Non-Working Women Of Pakistan: A Comparative Study

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-81
Author(s):  
Fareda Zeab ◽  
Uzma Ali
Keyword(s):  
Informed Consent ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Working Women ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
T Test ◽  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
Purposive Sampling ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Age Range

The purpose of this study is to explore the difference between feeling of insecurity in working and non-working women of Pakistan. It was hypothesized that “The working-women will score higher the non-working women on the variable of feelings of insecurity”. The sample of 250 (125 working, 125 non working) women, age range was between 28 years to 45 years (M =34.126; SD= 4.129) were selected from different organizations and areas of Karachi, Pakistan through purposive sampling technique. After taking the permission from authorities and informed consent from the participant demographic forms were filled then in order to measure the feeling of insecurity, Zeab Fareda’s Insecurity Scale (2011) was administered, individually. Descriptive statistics and t-test for independent mean were used to analyze the data through SPSS. It was concluded that working women are likely to have feeling of insecurity than non working women in Pakistan.

scholarly journals Diferencias de sexo respecto de la ansiedad asociada a la competición deportiva (Gender differences in relation to anxiety associated with sports competitions)

Retos ◽  
2016 ◽  
pp. 193-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco Javier Ponseti Verdaguer ◽  
Alexandre García Más ◽  
Jaume Cantallops Ramón ◽  
Josep Vidal Conti
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
Team Sports ◽  
Competitive Sports ◽  
Basketball Players ◽  
Male Athletes ◽  
Competitive Anxiety ◽  
Las Mujeres ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Multidimensional Concept

El presente trabajo retoma y actualiza las relaciones entre sexo y ansiedad en los deportes de competición. Se analizan las relaciones existentes entre el sexo, la ansiedad competitiva y el tipo de deporte practicado. Se han estudiado 126 deportistas federados de ambos sexos (43 nadadores y 83 baloncestistas), con una edad media de 14.85 años (DE= 2.41), durante la temporada 2013-14, a los cuales se les administró la versión adaptada al español de la Escala de Ansiedad Competitiva (SAS-2). Los resultados muestran que existe un nivel mayor de ansiedad competitiva en las mujeres que en los varones, de forma similar a hallazgos anteriores, aunque los resultados también indican diferencias entre deportes individuales y colectivos, así como diferencias entre los valores de los tres componentes de la ansiedad competitiva: somática, promotora de desconcentración y de preocupación por el rendimiento. Así, las mujeres muestran una mayor preocupación por el rendimiento y ansiedad somática que los hombres. Finalmente, se discuten los resultados en función de otros hallazgos y del concepto multidimensional de la ansiedad competitiva.Abstract. The relationship between gender and anxiety in competitive sports has been taken up and updated by this research. In fact, we analyzed the relation between gender, anxiety, and sports modalities. The study sample was composed by 126 federated female and male athletes (43 swimmers and 83 basketball players), with a mean age of 14.85 years (SD=2.41), during the season 2013-14. Athletes were administered the Spanish adapted version of Sport Anxiety Scale-2 (SAS-2). In line with previous findings, our results show that female athletes have higher competitive anxiety than their male colleagues. In addition, differences were found between individual and team sports, as well as comparing the values of the three components of competitive anxiety: somatic, lack of concentration, and concerns about performance. Women show greater concern about their performance, as well as higher somatic anxiety than men. Finally, the results are discussed and compared with other findings and with the multidimensional concept of competitive anxiety.

scholarly journals The Knowledge and The Hydration Status of Junior Martial Art Athletes

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 164
Author(s):  
Ajeng Sindi Tirtasari ◽  
Kunjung Ashadi
Keyword(s):  
Female Athletes ◽  
The Body ◽  
Hydration Status ◽  
Multiple Choice Questions ◽  
Male Athletes ◽  
Youth Athletes ◽  
Martial Art ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Difference

The purpose of this study was to determine the adequacy of fluids in the body during training for youth athletes of martial arts. The research method uses descriptive quantitative. Data collection techniques were obtained from urine tests, interviews, and multiple choice questions on 10 athletes consisting of five male athletes and five female athletes of martial art with a maximum age criteria of 18 years. Data analysis techniques used mean, standard deviation, percentage, graph, normality, and different test Paired Sample T Test to find out the difference in the mean. Athletes' knowledge of hydration was in the moderate category and there was a significant difference (Sig. <0.05) in the average hydration before and after training by the Madiun Regency martial art athletes.  

scholarly journals Examining Risk-Taking Behavior and Sensation Seeking Requirement in Extreme Athletes

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 330 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Agilonu ◽  
Gulsum Bastug ◽  
Tonguc Osman Mutlu ◽  
Adem Pala
Keyword(s):  
Risk Taking ◽  
Sensation Seeking ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
Extreme Sports ◽  
Male Athletes ◽  
Adrenaline Release ◽  
Risk Taking Behavior ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Data Frequency

Extreme sports are sport branches which include actions, adventures, risks and difficulties more rather than other sports. Special materials are used in sport branches such as surfing, kite surfing, sailing, snowboarding, paragliding, diving, mountaineering, motor sports and adrenaline release is more rather than in other sport branches. On the contrary, the situation for being eager to seek excitement and take risks with a view to having new experiences has been observed. It has been considered whether sensation seeking requirement and risk-taking behavior had effects upon each other. The aim of the study was to analyze sensation seeking and risk-taking behavior in extreme athletes. Total 101 extreme athletes including 31 females, 70 males with an age average of 22.03 ± 6.77 participated in the research. In order to determine athletes’ sensation seeking levels, “Arnett Inventory of Sensation Seeking” developed by Arnett (1994) and in order to determine their risk-taking behavior, “Risk Involvement and Perception Scale” developed by Siegel et al. (1994) were used. In evaluation of research data, frequency analysis, independent t test, in determination of relation between risk-taking and sensation seeking, correlation test were utilized.In conclusion, significant differences were found in risk-taking behavior, sensation seeking requirement and gender variable among the extreme athletes. In the male athletes sensation seeking requirement and risk-taking behavior had higher averages than the female athletes. Among the extreme athletes, significant relations were determined between risk-taking behavior and sensation seeking requirement. When risk-taking behavior values were high, sensation seeking requirement values were regarded to be high.

scholarly journals Gender difference in sickness absence: Do managers evaluate men and women differently with regard to the appropriateness of sickness absence?

2019 ◽  
pp. 140349481989078
Author(s):  
Arne Mastekaasa ◽  
Harald Dale-Olsen ◽  
Tale Hellevik ◽  
Gøril K. Løset ◽  
Kjersti M. Østbakken
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Sickness Absence ◽  
Medical Condition ◽  
Effective Sample Size ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
The Difference ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Quota Sampling ◽  
Managerial Employees

Aims: Women have much higher rates of sickness absence than men, but the causes of the difference are not well understood. This study examines whether managers have more lenient attitudes towards women’s than towards men’s absence, as this might contribute to higher rates of sickness absence among women. Differences between managers and other employees are also assessed. Methods: Vignettes were used to measure attitudes towards the legitimacy of sickness absence. The vignettes consisted of brief case descriptions of individuals considering asking their physicians for sick leave, with information about the medical condition (mainly taken from the descriptions in ICPC-2), occupation and gender. Respondents judged how appropriate sickness absence was in each case. Quota sampling was used, and the effective sample size was 899 managers and 1396 other employees, with each respondent evaluating either four or six vignettes. Generalised ordinal logistic regression was used. Results: The gender of the vignette person had no effect on the managers’ evaluations of the appropriateness of sickness absence. Irrespective of the gender of the vignette person, however, managers were generally more restrictive than non-managers. Conclusions: Different attitudes on the part of managers towards sickness absence in men and women do not seem to contribute to gender differences in sickness absence, but managers are generally more restrictive compared to non-managerial employees.

INDICATORS OF PRE-COMPETITIVE WEIGHT REDUCTION BY KYOKUSHIN ATHLETES

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-18
Author(s):  
Konstantin Belyi
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Weight Reduction ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
Absolute Magnitude ◽  
Highly Qualified ◽  
Young Athletes ◽  
Weight Category ◽  
Lower Weight ◽  
Quantitative Characteristics ◽  
And Gender

The aim of the research is to identify the quantitative characteristics of weight reduction by Kyokushin athletes, as well as the analysis of the following indicators: 1) the number and percentage of athletes with experience in reducing weight prior to major competitions; 2) the absolute magnitude and percentage of weight loss by athletes in Kyokushin; 3) dependence of these characteristics of weight reduction on the weight categories and gender of athletes. Research methods and organization. The research analyzes the anonymous survey (questionnaire) of participants of the largest official All-Russian Kyokushin competitions 2019. We obtained, statistically processed and analyzed the following quantitative characteristics of weight reduction: 1) for adult athletes – prior to the All-Russian trials for the World competition (Moscow, May 1-2, 2019, elite athletes); 2) for young athletes – prior to the All-Russian competitions in the framework of the 12th All-Russian Junior Martial Arts Games (Anapa, September 12-15, 2019, highly qualified athletes aged 12-17). Research results and discussion. The research revealed that the quantitative characteristics of weight reduction by kyokushin athletes prior to competitions significantly differ from data on other (primarily Olympic) sports; the practice of weight loss is less common. Characteristics of adult athletes are as follows: 1) weight loss is associated more with weight adjustment, and not with the change of the weight category; 2) men reduce their weight prior to competitions more intensively than women; 3) in the “lower” weight categories, the percentage of athletes with experience in reducing weight is almost 2 times higher among men and 1.5 times among women. Characteristics of young athletes are as follows: 1) weight loss is 5kg maximum; 2) a large percentage of male and female athletes reduce weight by less than 3%; 3) there is a significant correlation between the number of participants in the category and the athletes with experience in reducing weight. Conclusion. Weight reduction by a kyokushin athlete prior to competitions can be considered as the training reserve for competitive kyokushin activity, which is currently underutilized.

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