scholarly journals HAPPINESS A QURANIC PERSPECTIVE

2021 ◽  
Vol 03 (05) ◽  
pp. 334-346
Author(s):  
Doaa Abdulkareem ABDULLAH ◽  
Nesaif Jassim Mohammed AL-KHAFAJI
Keyword(s):  
Basic Research ◽  
Semantic Content ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Ibn Sina ◽  
Wise Person ◽  
Fundamental Goal ◽  
Islamic Thought ◽  
Huge Impact ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Relative Concept

In this study, we will study the concept of happiness, a view of happiness from the point of view of famous psychologists and philosophers, and combining Islamic thought with philosophy. This study is a basic research the different debates on the concept of happiness in the Quran. And we discuss in this article tools of happiness in life. Happiness in the hereafter, or everlasting felicity, is the ultimate goal of the believer. Although happiness is a very relative concept, it is generally the feeling that occurs when people are satisfied with the material and spiritual states, they are in. The greatest blessing bestowed upon mankind is within us and within our reach. A wise person knows how to be happy with what he has no matter what, rather than wishing what he does not have. It is a state of coinciding with what happens and what they want. All normal people desire happiness and want their happiness to be permanent. Anyone who sees that this world cannot satisfy their desire for happiness understands that this desire cannot be satisfied without God. Sometimes even love and compassion can make one feel happy. The research dealt with the names of the happiness in the Quran with their semantic aspects, then we restricted these names, and these were placed alphabetically in the letters that indicate how many times they appeared in the Quran. Later it was divided into semantic groups and analyzed within these groups, this analysis focuses on the presentation of the lexical concept and semantic content for each. In fact, the subject was also discussed within the rational framework. happiness does have a pretty important role in our lives, and it can have a huge impact on the way we live our lives. The first part of the present study focuses on how ethics philosophers explain an interpret happiness and whether it is possible to reach real happiness. In the second part, the virtues that ethics philosophers view as the fundamental elements in attaining happiness. Also, this section examines the definition of virtue, virtue types, sub-virtues, and the characteristics of virtuous acts. Consequently, this study disclosed that ancient and medieaval philosophers regarded the pursuit of happiness as a fundamental goal in one‟s life, and that these philosophers agreed that this goal could be accomplished by leading a virtuous life ‎. Keywords: Quran, Translation of The Qur’an, Sura index, Happiness, Platon, ibn Sina, Al-Farab

scholarly journals MYSTERY AS A META-GENRE IN THE DRAMA OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY

2021 ◽  
pp. 18-26
Author(s):  
K. Oliinyk
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
World Order ◽  
Semantic Content ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Dramatic Works ◽  
Life And Death ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
General Feeling ◽  
The Aesthetic ◽  
Definition Of

The article examines the specificity of existence of the renewed mystery genre as a meta genre in the twentieth century. The main literary study views on the definition of ancient and medieval / Christian ritual mystery are analyzed. The beginning of the twentieth century was full of a general feeling of catastrophe and tragic hopelessness. In artistic terms, the consequence of this was the activation of Christian issues, motives, plots, religious genres (miracles, morality and mystery). The most universal from the point of view of the ideological message and content for the writers of the twentieth century. was the matrix of the medieval mystery, which retained the ritual basis in its primary structure. This made it possible for the multilevel organization of the action and the space for it. The genre of medieval mystery is being modified, it ceases to be a purely form of religious action and acquires the quality of a meta genre. There is a transition from the religious sphere to the secular one, and the aesthetic one is replacing the didactic load. Mystery begins to exist on the edge of genres as a synthetic formation, showing intentions to “help” other genres. A large number of dramatic works of the twentieth century. ("Forest Song" by Lesia Ukrainka, "Iconostasis of Ukraine" by Vіra Vovk) comes close to the mystery, using its archetypal components: the ideas of faith in the absolute beginning, governing the eternal rotation of life and death, world order and harmony, death and rebirth, transformations of the human soul, chosenness and initiation associated with trials, sacrifice, deepening into mysticism. Such works are a certain imitation with elements of mythological or religious subjects. So, the twentieth century, actualizes a certain involvement of the semantic content of dramas to the mysteries, bringing the mystery to the level of the meta genre.

scholarly journals COMPARISON OF LEGAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP FORMS FROM ACCOUNTING POINT OF VIEW IN CONDITIONS OF THE SLOVAK REPUBLIC

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-60
Author(s):  
Ivana Váryová ◽  
Iveta Košovská
Keyword(s):  
Slovak Republic ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Theoretical Research ◽  
Legal Form ◽  
Legal Norms ◽  
Single Entry ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Double Entry

Each legal form of entrepreneurship requires the individual approach from the accounting point of view as every entrepreneur subject does not meet the definition of an accounting entity pursuant to the Act on Accounting. The paper´s aim is to compare the legal entrepreneurship forms from accounting point of view and to assess different alternatives of expense verifiability. The theoretical research has been applied for reaching the paper's aim. Basic input materials are legal norms. Generally accepted basic research were used when preparing the article. Based on the results it can be stated that entrepreneurs registered in the Business Register do not have a possibility to select from individual alternatives of keeping the evidence for their management and are obliged to keep the system of double entry bookkeeping. Natural persons are not obliged to register in the Business Register therefore they can select from various possibilities of verification of incurred expenses. One feasibility is presented by the system of double entry bookkeeping or single entry bookkeeping. The systems of keeping tax records or applying fixed expenses are others. The keeping of tax records is less administrative intensive compared to bookkeeping. Keeping of tax records is advantageous for an entrepreneur as he is not the subject of the Act on Accounting while he is not an accounting entity. The easiest alternative for the entrepreneurs is not to verify real incurred expenses but to apply fixed expenses in the amount of 40 % from achieved income.

scholarly journals The Theoretic-Methodical Aspects in Management of Foreign Economic Activity of Ukrainian Economic Entities

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (517) ◽  
pp. 21-26
Author(s):  
N. O. Kondratenko ◽  
◽  
I. A. Ternova ◽  
T. M. Kolesnyk ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Activity ◽  
Social Issues ◽  
External Environment ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Social Psychological ◽  
Management Planning ◽  
Economic Entity ◽  
Huge Impact ◽  
Definition Of

The article examines the theoretic-methodical aspects of management of foreign economic activity by economic entities in Ukraine. It is specified that foreign economic activity has a huge impact on the development of all world countries. The practice of recent decades justifies the expediency of expanding the participation of all countries in various forms of international business and cooperation. From this point of view, all globalization processes are consistent, since the economic interdependence of countries in terms of solving economic and social issues increases year after year. As to their content, the methods of management of foreign economic activity be identified similar to the main functions of management: planning, motivation, control, organization, regulation. They are divided into economic, administrative, social, psychological, technological, legal methods, which act in practice by means of certain instruments. It is noted that when planning foreign economic activity, the operational determination of problematic issues arising during the activities of the economic entity allows to quickly respond to changes in both the internal and the external environment of the enterprise business conduct. Also, it is important to have separate units at the enterprises for carrying out controlling of foreign economic activity; analysis of the processes of planning and accounting of the major indicators of foreign economic activity, which will provide an opportunity to solve existing economic and organizational problems, eliminate disparities in planning and obstacles within the information collection systems, to form a group of indicators of foreign economic activity of the economic entity, etc. It is concluded that achieving the efficiency of foreign economic activity management should, first of all, be based on the adaptation of the enterprise to the requirements of the international market and the prompt definition of problematic issues that arise during the activity, which allows to quickly respond to changes both in the internal and external environment of conducting business and in the conditions for foreign economic activity.

scholarly journals Filsafat Sufistis Suhrawardi Al-Maqtul

ESOTERIK ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 364
Author(s):  
Fathul Mufid
Keyword(s):  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Philosophical Thinking ◽  
Islamic Philosophy ◽  
Philosophical Approach ◽  
Ibn Sina ◽  
Islamic Thought ◽  
Ancient Persia ◽  
Mystical Vision

<p class="07KatakunciKeywords">Suhrawardi built his philosophical thinking with the spirit of combining “intuition-mystical vision” with “rational-philosophical vision”. The combination of “intuition-mystic and rational-philosophical vision” is known as "hikmah al-Isyraq". The concept of Wisdom al-Isyraq is the second school of thought in Islamic Philosophy. This paper is a study of Suhrawardi's Sufistic philosophy with a historical and philosophical approach. The historical approach is used to review the thought settings that influence Suhrawardi's thoughts from the historical point of view of previous Islamic thought. In addition, a philosophical approach is also used to analyze documentary data in a fundamental, integral, and systematic manner with the descriptive-analysis method. The purpose of this paper is to trace the basic thinking of the concept of "Hikmatul Isyraq" Suhrawardi from the point of view of Sufistic philosophy. The findings of this study indicate that there are five sources of Isyraq Suhrawardi's thoughts: first, Sufism thoughts, especially al-Hallaj and al-Ghazali. Second, the thinking of Paripatetik Islamic Philosophy, especially Ibn Sina, which is considered important to understand Isyraqi's teachings. Third, philosophical thinking before Islam, namely the flow of Pytagoras, Platonism, and Hermenism. Fourth, the thought (wisdom) of ancient Persia which he considered to be the direct heir of the wisdom of the Prophet Idris As. (Hermes). Fifth, the teachings of Zoroaster, especially in using the symbol "light" and "darkness".</p>

Understanding functional illiteracy from a policy, adult education, and cognition point of view: Towards a joint referent framework

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 109-122
Author(s):  
Aleksandar Bulajić ◽  
Miomir Despotović ◽  
Thomas Lachmann
Keyword(s):  
Adult Education ◽  
Operational Definition ◽  
Literacy Skills ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Industrialized Countries ◽  
Functional Illiteracy ◽  
Scale Levels ◽  
Components Of Reading ◽  
The One ◽  
Definition Of

Abstract. The article discusses the emergence of a functional literacy construct and the rediscovery of illiteracy in industrialized countries during the second half of the 20th century. It offers a short explanation of how the construct evolved over time. In addition, it explores how functional (il)literacy is conceived differently by research discourses of cognitive and neural studies, on the one hand, and by prescriptive and normative international policy documents and adult education, on the other hand. Furthermore, it analyses how literacy skills surveys such as the Level One Study (leo.) or the PIAAC may help to bridge the gap between cognitive and more practical and educational approaches to literacy, the goal being to place the functional illiteracy (FI) construct within its existing scale levels. It also sheds more light on the way in which FI can be perceived in terms of different cognitive processes and underlying components of reading. By building on the previous work of other authors and previous definitions, the article brings together different views of FI and offers a perspective for a needed operational definition of the concept, which would be an appropriate reference point for future educational, political, and scientific utilization.

Dosimetry and optimization in digital radiography based on the contrast-detail resolution

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wilson Otto Gomes Batista ◽  
Alexandre Gomes De Carvalho
Keyword(s):  
Image Quality ◽  
Inverse Image ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Complete Analysis ◽  
Portable Devices ◽  
Evaluation Tool ◽  
Air Kerma ◽  
Direct Radiography ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Entrance Surface Air Kerma

Contrast-detail (C-D) curves are useful in evaluating the radiographic image quality in a global way. The objective of the present study was to obtain the C-D curves and the inverse image quality figure. Both of these parameters were used as an evaluation tool for abdominal and chest imaging protocols. The C-D curves were obtained with the phantom CDRAD 2.0 in computerized radiography and the direct radiography systems (including portable devices). The protocols were 90 and 102 kV in the range of 2 to 20 mAs for the chest and 80 kV in the range of 10 to 80 mAs for the abdomen. The incident air kerma values were evaluated with a solid state sensor. The analysis of these C-D curves help to identify which technique would allow a lower value of the entrance surface air kerma, Ke, while maintaining the image quality from the point of view of C-D detectability. The results showed that the inverse image quality figure, IQFinv, varied little throughout the range of mAs, while the value of Ke varied linearly directly with the mAs values. Also, the complete analysis of the curves indicated that there was an increase in the definition of the details with increasing mAs. It can be concluded that, in the transition phase for the use of the new receptors, it is necessary to evaluate and adjust the practised protocols to ensure, at a minimum, the same levels of the image quality, taking into account the aspects of the radiation protection of the patient.

DIRECTIONS OF ASSOCIATIVE IDENTIFICATION OF PERSONAL NAMES

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (28) ◽  
pp. 118-128
Author(s):  
Olena Karpenko ◽  
Tetiana Stoianova
Keyword(s):  
Proper Names ◽  
Mental Lexicon ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Sound Symbolism ◽  
Personal Names ◽  
Communicative Process ◽  
Proper Name ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Scientific Value ◽  
The Brain

The article is devoted to the study of personal names from a cognitive point of view. The study is based on the cognitive concept that speech actually exists not in the speech, not in linguistic writings and dictionaries, but in consciousness, in the mental lexicon, in the language of the brain. The conditions for identifying personal names can encompass not only the context, encyclopedias, and reference books, but also the sound form of the word. In the communicative process, during a free associative experiment, which included a name and a recipient’s mental lexicon. The recipient was assigned a task to quickly give some association to the name. The aggregate of a certain number of reactions of different recipients forms the associative field of a proper name. The associative experiment creates the best conditions for identifying the lexeme. The definition of a monosemantic personal name primarily includes the search of what it denotes, while during the process of identifying a polysemantic personal name recipients tend have different reactions. Scientific value is posed by the effect of the choice of letters for the name, sound symbolism, etc. The following belong to the generalized forms of identification: usage of a hyperonym; synonyms and periphrases or simple descriptions; associations denoting the whole (name stimulus) by reference to its part (associatives); cognitive structures such as “stimulus — association” and “whole (stimulus) — part (associative)”; lack of adjacency; mysterious associations. The topicality of the study is determined by its perspective to identify the directions of associative identification of proper names, which is one of the branches of cognitive onomastics. The purpose of the study is to identify, review, and highlight the directions of associative identification of proper names; the object of the research is the names in their entirety and variety; its subject is the existence of names in the mental lexicon, which determines the need for singling out the directions for the associative identification of the personal names.

The Problem of the Formation of Philosophical Prose in Persian

2019 ◽  
Vol 62 (6) ◽  
pp. 126-137
Author(s):  
Tatyana G. Korneeva
Keyword(s):  
Arabic Language ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Philosophical Tradition ◽  
Alternative View ◽  
Ibn Sina ◽  
Language Of Science ◽  
Persian Language ◽  
Arab Muslim ◽  
History Of ◽  
Philosophical Texts

The article discusses the problem of the formation of philosophical prose in the Persian language. The first section presents a brief excursion into the history of philosophical prose in Persian and the stages of formation of modern Persian as a language of science and philosophy. In the Arab-Muslim philosophical tradition, representatives of various schools and trends contributed to the development of philosophical terminology in Farsi. The author dwells on the works of such philosophers as Ibn Sīnā, Nāṣir Khusraw, Naṣīr al-Dīn al-Ṭūsī, Aḥmad al-Ghazālī, ʼAbū Ḥāmid al-Ghazālī and gives an overview of their works written in Persian. The second section poses the question whether the Persian language proved able to compete with the Arabic language in the field of science. The author examines the style of philosophical prose in Farsi, considering the causes of creation of Persian-language philosophical texts and defining their target audience. The article presents viewpoints of modern orientalist researchers as well as the views of medieval philosophers who wrote in Persian. We find that most philosophical texts in Persian were written for a public who had little or no knowledge of the Arabic language, yet wanted to get acquainted with current philosophical and religious doctrines, albeit in an abbreviated format. The conclusion summarizes and presents two positions regarding the necessity of writing philosophical prose in Persian. According to one point of view, Persian-language philosophical works helped people who did not speak Arabic to get acquainted with the concepts and views of contemporary philosophy. According to an alternative view, there was no special need to compose philosophical texts in Persian, because the corpus of Arabic philosophical terminology had already been formed, and these Arabic terms were widely and successfully used, while the new Persian philosophical vocabulary was difficult to understand.

DEFINITION OF THE PUBLIC SECURITY AND ORDERLINESS ENSURING MECHANISM IN UKRAINE

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (11) ◽  
pp. 155-163
Author(s):  
Marina Aleksandrovna Kalievskaya
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Development Strategy ◽  
State Policy ◽  
The State ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Public Security ◽  
National Priority ◽  
Institu Tions ◽  
Protection Of Human Rights ◽  
Definition Of

In this article, a model of the mechanism of ensuring public security and orderliness in accordance with the principles and tasks of the relevant institu- tions in public administration, taking into account resources, technologies, mea- sures for the state policy implementation in the spheres of ensuring the protection of human rights and freedoms, the interests of society and the state, combating crime, maintaining public security and order. It was found that ensuring public security and order in Ukraine is a mechanism for the implementation of national goals of state policy in the areas of ensuring the protection of human rights and freedoms, the interests of society and the state, combating crime, maintaining public security and order, by defining tasks according to certain principles. The idea is that if one considers the state policy in the spheres of ensuring the protec- tion of human rights and freedoms, the interests of society and the state, combat- ing crime, maintaining public security and order as a national priority (purpose, task), then the mechanism of ensuring public security and order in Ukraine needs coordination with the state development strategy. From the point of view of the implementation of the state policy in the areas of ensuring the protection of hu- man rights and freedoms, the interests of society and the state, combating crime, maintaining public security and order, the mechanism of ensuring public security and order in Ukraine can be considered as the main system providing intercon- nection such elements as institutions (implementing the specified state policy), resources (human resources, logistical, natural and so on, with the help of which it is possible to implement state policy), technologies (skills, knowledge, means and so on the implementation of state policy), measures (action plans), as well as external (internal) threats.

О вопросах фольклоризма в письменной литературе

2019 ◽  
pp. 31-33
Author(s):  
Суусар Искендерова
Keyword(s):  
Modern Science ◽  
Folk Songs ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Past ◽  
Scientific Term ◽  
Literature Culture ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Relationship

Аннотация: Исследование проблемы фольклоризма является наиболее актуальной в современной науке о фольклоре. На разных этапах развития художественной литературы для формирования индивидуального творчества писателя особенно значимым становятся фольклорные жанры, сюжетные мотивы и художественные средства. В статье рассматривается связь письменной литературы и фольклора, особенно точка зрения проблеме фольклоризма в прошлом и их анализ. Термин «фольклоризм» начал использоваться советскими исследователями учеными как научный термин еще в 1930-х гг. Термин «фольклоризм» используется в различных сферах культуры, а в этой статье мы будем рассматривать в литературе. Несмотря на то, что на протяжении многих лет этот вопрос изучается литературоведами, фольклористами, все -таки нет единого теоретического определения понятия. Ключевые слова: фольклор, фольклоризм, литература, культура, письменная литература, художественная литература, оседлый народ, пословицы и поговорки, фольклорные песни. Аннотация: Көркөм адабияттын өнүгүүсүнүн ар кайсы баскычтарында сүрөткердин жеке чыгармачылыгынын калыптанышы үчүн фольклордук жанрлар, сюжеттер, мотивдер жана көркөм каражаттар айрыкча мааниге ээ. Макалада жазма адабият менен фольклордук карым-катышы, айрыкча фольклоризм маселеси жөнүндө мурдагы көз караштарга кайрылып, аларга талдоо жүргүзүү менен бирге автор өз байкоолорунда келтирет. “Фольклоризм” деген илимий термин 1930-жылы баштап колдонула баштаган. “Фольклоризм” термини маданияттын түрдүү сфераларында кеңири колдо- нулат, бул жерде адабияттагы колдонулушун каралат. Макалада адабий материал менен фольклордук байланышын терең түшүнүү үчүн адабий фольклоризм маселесинин талаштуу жактары каралат. Түйүндүү сөздөр: фольклор, фольклоризм, адабият, маданият, жазма адабият, көркөм адабият, көчмөн калк, макал-лакап, фольклордук ырлар. Annotation: The study of the problem of folklore is the most relevant in the modern science of folklore. At various stages in the development of fiction, folklore genres, plot motifs, and artistic means become especially significant for the formation of the writer's individual creativity. The article examines the relationship between written literature and folklore, especially the point of view of the problem of folklorism in the past and their analysis. The term "folklorism" began to be used by Soviet scholars as a scientific term back in the 1930s. The term "folklorism" is used in various fields of culture, and in this article we will consider in the literature. Despite the fact that for many years this issue has been studied by literary scholars, folklorists, all the same there is no single theoretical definition of the concept. Keywords: folklore, folklorism, literature, culture, written literature, fiction, settled people, proverbs and sayings, folk songs.

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