Research on internal network data security monitoring method based on NB-IOT

In order to overcome the problems of poor data classification accuracy and effectiveness of traditional data monitoring methods, this paper designs a data security monitoring method based on narrow-band Internet of things. Firstly, the model of network data acquisition and sensor node’s optimal configuration is established to collect intranet data. Based on the analysis of data characteristics, dynamic intranet data analysis indexes are designed from three aspects: establishing security incident quantity index, establishing address entropy index and data diversion. According to the above-mentioned narrow-band data aggregation rate, the security index of the Internet of things is calculated to realize the security of monitoring data. The experimental results show that: whether the network attack exists or not, the accuracy rate of the method is always higher than 90%, the classification time is less than 4 s, and the energy consumption of monitoring process is always less than 150 J, which fully proves that the method achieves the design expectation.

Developing an Automated System for Simple Estimation of the Direct Damage Amounts from Earthquakes

Earthquakes damage physical assets, such as houses, public infrastructure, fields, factories, facilities, as well as inventory of timbers, crops, or products. A direct damage amount is the primary evidence for financial measures to restore and reconstruct the affected areas. Therefore, from a policy perspective, it is essential to estimate it quickly and accurately. Cui et al. have proposed a simple method for estimating direct damages [1, 2]. This study aimed to build a prototype of automatic estimation system and discuss its social implementation. As a result, we succeeded in estimating three earthquakes – the 2018 Osaka Prefecture Northern Earthquake, 2018 Hokkaido Iburi Earthquake, and 2019 Yamagata-oki Earthquake – damage amounts automatically and defining some technical requirements for development. On the other hand, it is necessary to replace the Minryoku index, which is used for Cui’s estimation method and no longer being updated, by new physical assets quantity index, which is continuously updatable. Moreover, the estimation accuracy must be evaluated and improved in finer units of space.

Does immiserizing growth exist? Evidence from world’s top trading nations

Purpose This study aims to motivate the reality that experiential investigation of immiserizing growth has not been performed at large. The key objective of the study is to analyse the empirical existence of immiserizing growth in the real world. Design/methodology/approach Theory of revealed preferences has been implemented for welfare movement by using Laspeyres and Paasche quantity index and for empirical estimations, logistic regression has been applied. The study established panel data of the world’s largest trading nations, including the USA, China, France, Germany, UK, Italy, Japan, the Netherland and Canada. Annual time series data for an extensive time period covering from 1981 till 2017 have been used. Findings Findings of the Laspeyres and Paasche index reveal that out of nine countries immiserizing growth prevails in five nations and those are Italy, Canada, the Netherland, UK and Japan. The results of panel logistic regression verify the significance of terms of trade on immiserizing growth in all included countries. Separate logistic regression has also been performed on all the five countries from which Italy, Canada, the Netherland exhibit significant results. Originality/value This study is a pioneer attempt towards the concept of immiserizing growth. Considering the fact that immiserizing growth is viewed by the majority of the scholars as a theoretical notion, this study attempts to investigate analytically the existence of immiserizing growth with real data set. The impact of terms of trade deterioration on the welfare of the world’s largest trading nations has been focused on the research which is in compliance with the concept of Bhagwati (1958).

Partial substitution of anthracite for coke breeze in iron ore sintering

In the sintering of iron ores, the partial substitution of anthracite for coke breeze has been considered to be an effective way of reducing pollutant emissions and production cost. In this study, the basic characteristics of anthracite and coke breeze were compared and the sintering performance at different substitution ratios of anthracite for coke breeze was investigated. The porosity of anthracite is lower than that of coke breeze, but its density and combustion reactivity are higher. The substitution of anthracite for coke breeze has no influence on the granulation effect of the sintering blend. As the anthracite proportion increased, the sintering speed and productivity increased and the sintering yield and tumbler index decreased. As the substitution ratio increased from 0 to 60%, the melting temperature duration and the melt quantity index decreased from 2.59 to 2.03 min and from 3218.28 to 2405.75 °C·min, respectively, leading to insufficient sintering mineralization and bad sintering indexes. For an anthracite substitution ratio of 40%, the sintering speed, sintering productivity, sintering yield and tumbler index were 22.34 mm min−1, 1.49 t·(m2 h)−1, 71.65% and 63.59%, respectively, which entirely satisfies the production requirements. Furthermore, hematite (Fe2O3), calcium ferrite (CaO–Fe2O3), and compound calcium ferrite (CaO–SiO2–Fe2O3) were the major mineral phases, which were embedded with an interwoven structure.

A new method for calculating mirror data asymmetry in international trade

Research background: Some statistics are of a bilateral nature. This is how foreign trade data is organized. They are recorded both in the supplier and recipient countries, hence they are called mirror data. The data recorded at both trading partner countries are not the same for different reasons. Such differences between data on the same groups of transactions are often referred to as the asymmetry of mirror data. The information about the value of the flows of goods are of great importance in economic analyses and therefore their quality is particularly important. Purpose of the article: The aim of this paper is to present a new measure of data asymmetry ? the aggregated quantity index with value-based weights. Methods: The proposed measure combines the quantity and the value of turn-over in individual trade relations. Such a measure makes it possible to eliminate basic deficiencies in value-based measures, while considering the specificity of trade in individual countries. The proposed measure of data asymmetry was confronted with several measures present in the literature and previously used by the Authors. The numerical example uses Comext data on intra-Community trade in 2017 provided by Eurostat. Findings & Value added: The proposed measure performs better than all the previously used data asymmetry indices. It is to some extent immune to exchange rate differences and inconsistencies resulting from the inclusion of transport and insurance costs in the value of goods. In addition, it gives lower weights to unimportant trade directions than other data asymmetry indices. Since the new index has proved to be better than the measures previously used, it is worth applying to those trade relations where the data are not de-rived from customs documents, but from declarations made by businesses, as in the case of intra-Community trade.

Impact evaluation and driving type identification of human factors on rural human settlement environment: Taking Gansu Province, China as an example

Evaluating the quality of rural human (RH) settlements and clarifying its spatial differentiation characteristics have the most direct guiding role for the formulation of regional construction policies and the optimization of RH settlements. In this study, the index model of environmental quality of RH settlement was established. ImPACT and trade-off analysis methods were used to quantitatively identify the spatial differentiation of RH settlement and dominant impact human factors of it in Gansu Province in 2017. Then, the driving type of RH settlement environment was identified. Results are as follows. (1) The overall environmental quality of RH settlement in Gansu Province shows a decreasing trend from “west to east.” (2) The environmental quality of RH settlement is mainly affected by eight factors, of which the effect of quantity index per capita is more significant. (3) The trade-off relationship between the environmental quality index and these eight dominant factors is mainly low–low, which indicates that the human factors are the main reason for the environmental quality of the RH settlement. (4) Based on the dominant human factors, Gansu Province is classified into four driving types, of which the proportion of comprehensive type accounts for 77.01%.

The survival of mankind requires WATER centers & Water Quality and Quantity Index (WQQI)

Issue By 2025, half of the world's population will be living in water-stressed areas. Managing water quality and quantity is a worldwide concern that will require investing in WATER Centers and monitoring systems to improve the safety of drinking water and contribute to water conservation worldwide. Without reliable water policy climate change will threaten human survival. Problem There is no single measure that can describe overall water quality for any one body of water, let alone at a global level. Seven assessment methods used to measure water quality either on a national or global level, were reviewed and indexed. This index was examined and compared by objective, use, distribution and global location. Water centers need to review community water process, outcomes and outputs and also provide user populations with a Water Quality and Water Quantity Index (WQQI). Results United Nations Environment Programme UNEP research has revealed that “although there is no globally accepted composite index of water quality, some countries and regions have used, or are using, aggregated water quality data in the development of water quality indices.” 'Most water quality indices rely on normalizing, or standardizing data by parameter according to expected concentrations and some interpretation of 'good' versus 'bad' concentrations”. Lessons The survival of the human population requires policy changes regarding water management. The feedback humans need to survive can best be described as a Water Quality and Quantity Index (WQQI). With the growing scarcity of drinking water worldwide, proactive strategic thinking and planning is necessary. Message: Investing in WATER Centers ensures that the public health and economic benefits for all things related to water is optimized. The WQQI could also be useful in longitudinal and cross-sectional epidemiological studies. Key messages The survival of the human population requires policy changes regarding water management. Mankind needs real-time feedback about water quality to respond to threats to the water supply.

Veterinary-sanitary Examination of Chicken Eggs of OAO "Volzhanin" of the Yaroslavl Region

Предприятия, производящие пищевую продукцию, должны проходить контроль её качества, а именно иметь обязательную сертификацию в системе ГОСТ Р, основными документами которой являются сертификат соответствия и декларация о соответствии установленным стандартам. На производстве куриного яйца в Ярославской области специализируется ОАО «Волжанин», в котором действует политика в области качества и безопасности пищевой продукции, подтверждённая российскими и международными сертификатами соответствия: «Эко-продукт», ХАССП ИСО 9001, ИСО 22000, «Халяль», FSSC 22000. Для ветеринарно-санитарной экспертизы были взяты образцы яиц категорий СО, С1, С2, яйца куриные пищевые специальные столовые «Умница», «Омега-3» и «Деревенские узоры». Результаты органолептических исследований показали, что пищевое яйцо, производимое в ОАО «Волжанин», имеет высокие показатели качества, присущие доброкачественной продукции. Оценка микробиологических показателей исследуемых образцов показала, что микроорганизмы группы патогенной кишечной палочки (колиформы) и сальмонеллы в анализируемый период обнаружены не были (соответствует требованиям). Показатель количества мезофильных аэробных и факультативно-анаэробных микроорганизмов (КМАФАнМ) имел достаточно низкие значения, также в пределах нормы. Анализ пищевого яйца на содержание солей тяжёлых металлов (кадмия, мышьяка, свинца) также показал, что их концентрация в продукте была достаточно низкой. Содержание ртути в пищевых яйцах установлено не было. Содержание пестицидов в пищевом яйце не обнаружено. По результатам молекулярно-биологических исследований можно судить об экологической безопасности продукции. Нами выполнено количественное определение генно-инженерных модифицированных организмов растительного происхождения, ни в одном из рассматриваемых образцов не было обнаружено рекомбинантной ДНК, что свидетельствует о соответствии качества продукта. Наши исследования показали, что продукция птицефабрики ОАО «Волжанин», благодаря применяемым системам сертификации, соответствует требованиям государственных стандартов. Enterprises producing food products must carry out quality control, namely, have mandatory certification in the GOST P system the main documents of which are a certificate of conformity and a declaration of conformance with established standards. OAO "Volzhanin" specializes in the production of chicken eggs in the Yaroslavl region, which has a food quality and safety policy confirmed by Russian and international certificates of conformity: Eco-Product, HACCP ISO 9001, ISO 22000, Halel, FSSC 22000. For veterinary-sanitary examination samples of eggs of the CO, С1, С2 categories, chicken special food table eggs "Umnitsa", "Omega-3" and "Derevenskie uzory" were taken. The results of organoleptic researches have shown that the food egg produced at OAO "Volzhanin" has high quality indicators inherent in high-quality products. Evaluation of microbiological indices of the test samples showed that microorganisms of the group of pathogenic coliform bacillus (coliform) and salmonella during the analyzed period were not detected (satisfies the requirements). The quantity index of mesophilic aerobic and optionally anaerobic microorganisms (QMAOAnM) had rather low values also within normal limits. Analysis of the food egg for the content of salts of heavy metals (cadmium, arsenic, lead) also showed that their concentration in the product was quite low. The mercury content in food eggs has not been established. No pesticide content was found in the food eggs. According to the results of molecular biological researches one can judge the environmental safety of products. We quantified genetically engineered modified organisms of plant origin and no recombinant DNA was found in any of the samples under examination which indicates the conformity of product quality. Our researches have shown that the products of the OAO "Volzhanin" poultry farm thanks to the applied certification systems satisfy the requirements of state standards.

Linear Programming Problems: Determination of Optimal Value of Real Life Practical Problems

Nowadays mathematical method are widely applied in planning of natural economy, organization of industry control, business decision, transportation, engineering, telecommunications, elaboration of military operations etc. From the general point of view, the problems of control and planning are usually reduced to a choice of a certain system of numerical parameters or a function ensuring the most effective achievement of the preplanned aim (optimum plan) with the limited possible resources taken into account. To estimate the effectiveness of a plan, introduce the plan quantity index expressed in term of the plan characteristics and attaining the extremism value for an optimal plan. For the large number of practically interesting problems the objective function is expressed linearly in term of plan characteristics, the permissible values of the parameters also obeying linear equalities or inequalities.