POWER SHIFTING AND THE CHALLENGES OF PRESIDENTIAL SYSTEM IN INDONESIA (1945-2019)

The dynamics of government system in Indonesia has a long way road since Indonesia secure their independence in 1945. Acco rding to Indonesia constitution, Indonesia adhere the presidential system. Yet, in practice the government system in Indonesia seems more like a Parliamentary system. During the period of 1945-1959, The presidential system in Indonesia doesn’t have any places to operate, entered the guided democracy era, the presidential system obtain its first place. Seeing that, the president success to obtain their power and became a dictator, after Sukarno was remove from the office, Indonesia entered the “new order” regime. This regime just like guided democracy era, the President became center of the power because president was choosed by the parliament and most the fellow comes from the party government. After reformasi in 1998, the presidential system has their own challenges. Considering, the multyparty system felt is not compatible with the presidential system. Hence, as long as Indonesia established, the presidential system in Indonesia has their own dynamic and challenges. Every regime has their own dynamic and challenges. This article aims to provide a study to strengthen the presidential system and using a qualitative approach based on a comprehensive literature review.

PARENT’S PERSPECTIVES OF SCHOOL-AGE ANXIETY RESPONSES GET IV INSTALLATION

The IV installation procedure is an invasive procedure that children fear because of the use of needles. The IV procedure can cause anxiety for the child. Children's anxiety is indicated by worry, anxiety, and physical complaints. This study aims to determine how child's anxiety responds to get IV installation based on the parents’ perspectives. This research method is a cross-sectional descriptive study. The sampling technique in this study was total sampling with 69 respondents. Respondents in this study were parents who had school-age children with IV installation experience for a maximum of the last 2 years. The questionnaire was given via Google Form because of the research period on coronavirus pandemic. The results showed that the majority of school-age children showed a response with fear in 71%, closed their eyes in 67%, and showed a tense and pale facial expression when the IV installation was inserted in 67%. School-age children require the presence of parents in dealing with hospital procedures, especially IV installation. School-age children also need an explanation regarding the procedures given. The children will feel calmer when they know how the procedure is given.

A REVIEW: AQUILARIA SPECIES AS POTENTIAL OF PHARMACOLOGICAL

One of the plants that is rich in benefits is from the genus Aquilaria spp. which is known to be able to produce agarwood resin. This genus includes 47 species, of which the four main species are Aquilaria malaccensis, Aquilaria subintegra, Aquilaria crassna and Aquilaria sinensis. Aquilaria species are known to have a wide spectrum of pharmacological activity and have been reported in many studies, including activity, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, AChE inhibitor (Acetylcholinesterase), anti-proliferative, and antidiabetic. The aim of this review is to expand information on the pharmacological activity of various Aquilaria species that can support future studies in the medical field of medicine.

BAWANG TIWAI (Eleutherine americana) SEBAGAI KRIM TABIR SURYA MENCEGAH MELANOGENESIS

Bawang Tiwai (Eleutherine americana) merupakan tumbuhan yang banyak terdapat di kalimantan dan digunakan sebagai ramuan alami oleh masyarakat Dayak. Secara turun temurun bawang tiwai diyakini dapat digunakan untuk pengobatan berbagai macam penyakit infeksi (bakteri, jamur, dan virus) dan penyakit tidak menular (stroke, jantung koroner, kanker, dan lain-lain). Berdasarkan penelitian terbaru senyawa eleutherin yang terdapat pada ekstrak bawang tiwai memiliki aktivitas anti- melanogenesis atau menghambat pigmentasi kulit. Hal ini mendorong penelitian lebih lanjut untuk memformulasi bawang Tiwai menjadi sediaan tabir surya atau sunblock yang dapat menghambat proses melanogenesis yang disebabkan oleh radiasi UV matahari.

PHYSICAL EVALUATION OF ETHANOLIC EXTRACT SHAMPOO RED GALANGAL AND OLIVE OIL WITH VARIATION OF SLS

One of the plants created by Allah SWT that has many benefits is the rhizome of red galangal. Red galangal rhizomes contain essential oils consisting of methyl-sinamat, sineol, eugenol, kamfer, galangin, flavonoids, saponins and tannins. In addition to red galangal rhizomes, a natural ingredient that has many benefits is olive oil. In olive oil there are phenolic compounds that serve to antifungi, antibacterial, antioxidants. To formulate both plants, shampoo preparation innovations are made. In formulaizing shampoo preparations it is necessary to pay attention to the selection of surfactants. Sodium Lauryl Sulfate is a surfactant that has a large washing power, provides a lot of foam and a relatively low irritant effect. Utilization of red galangal rhizomes and olive oil with SLS comparison in shampoo is an alternative source of safer shampoo preparations for people with scalp infections. The observed dosage evaluation parameters are organoleptic, pH, viscosity, homogeneity and storage stability analyzed using ANOVA. The results of shampoo preparation quality testing obtained that formulations 2.3 and 4 in accordance with SNI standards and obtained the results of shampoo preparations are light brown, strong flavor with a pH of 5.2-5.3 at H0 and 8.2-8.6 on H12, with viscosity of 945-1534 cP at H0 and 154-3145 cP in H12.

PERUBAHAN UKURAN PUPIL PADA TINGKAT ATENSI

Atensi adalah suatu kondisi ketika seseorang berkonsentrasi pada tugas tertentu sambil mengabaikan informasi lainnya. Penelitian pada artikel ini mengusulkan penggunaan pupilometri untuk evaluasi tingkat atensi. Pupilometri didefinisikan sebagai pengukuran perubahan ukuran pupil. Dalam studi ini, tingkat atensi didasarkan atas laporan dari peserta (self assessment) dalam stimulasi yang berdurasi 10 detik. Melalui penelitian ini, didapatkan hasil bahwa ukuran pupil menunjukkan tidak ada perbedaan signifikan di permulaan 6 detik stimulasi (P=0.4776), P>0.05. Perbedaan signifikan terjadi pada 4 detik terakhir dari stimulasi P<0.05.

PREDICTING THE GROWTH CURVE OF BODY WEIGHT IN MALEO BIRDS (MACROCEPHALON MALEO)

Maleo bird (Macrocephalon maleo) is the one of protected bird’s species and originated from Sulawesi island of Indonesia. This study was carried out to obtain the growth curve of body weight (BW) in mixed-sex Maleo birds from hatching to yearling ages. The growth curve in this study was calculated with non-linear regression of Logistic (L) and Gompertz (G) models using CurveExprt 1.4. computer program. The primary data in this study was cited from previous study through a literature study. Research showed that the asymptotic weight (A) in birds was 1825.34 g (L) and 3429.23 g (G). The weight of inflection (Wi) in studied birds were 912.67 g (L) and 1260.75 g (G). The time of inflection (ti) in birds was 8.51 months (L) and 11.00 months (G). The maximum growth rate in birds was 159.72 g/month (L) and 151.29 g/month (G). The coefficient of determination (R2) in both models included of very high category (0.80<R2<1.00) but the lower of standard error (SE) value showed in L model. It can be concluded that the non-linear regression of Logistic model can be used as BW predictors in mixed-sex Maleo birds.

INDONESIAN COVID-19 PREVENTION POLICIES ANALYSIS USING CUMULATIVE CASES DATA REGRESSION

The emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) or called COVID-19 which occurred in China at the end of 2019 has become a global public health problem. Indonesia government made and apply some public health prevention policy against coronavirus outbreak. They applied their first big scale social distancing (PSBB policy) that order people to stay, work, study, and pray at home. Indonesia government also warned people not to travel through outer city due to Eid Al-Fitr, Islamic big annual event, (MUDIK policy) which usually lead people to travel through the cities to meet their family to celebrate. Indonesian PSBB policy has flattened 7.30% of the curve according to the prediction of situation with and without PSBB. But for MUDIK policy, it seems people get scared of they couldn’t make it to cross the city to meet their family and travel instead then make the spreading of the cases were increased. The publishing move of the policy also should be calculated, because people will take future act regarding to the information they get.

RISK MITIGATION FOR SMALL AND MEDIUM-SIZED ENTERPRISES (SMES) IN THE MIDDLE OF VOLATILITY IN THE WORLD’S ECONOMY CONDITION

ABSTRACT Indonesia's economic growth in the first quarter of 2020 of 2.97% was released by the Central Statistics Agency (BPS). It is undeniable, that number is the lowest growth rate in the last 19 years. We understand that the economic disruption caused by the COVID-19 pandemic did occur in various parts of the world. A significant economic slowdown is a big task for many national leaders. Some world economic experts even mention that the disruption of the economy due to this pandemic can resemble the effects of the Great Depression of 1930 ago. If we review the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic which has caused extraordinary disruption in the economic field, it is seen that Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) are a sector that is quite severe. Basically, the concept of risk management is not commonly used in SMEs business processes. This is because, in general, the resources owned by SMEs are quite limited. However, in this paper I want to illustrate at least there are simple concepts that can be applied by SMEs.

PERUBAHAN SOSIAL BUDAYA MASYARAKAT KOREA SELATAN AKIBAT PANDEMI COVID-19

Pandemi Covid-19 yang muncul di akhir tahun 2019 mengubah wajah Korea Selatan. Masyarakat Korea Selatan yang sangat patuh dengan pemimpinnya membuat masyarakat Korea mengikuti setiap anjuran dan rekomendasi pemerintah, namun membuat beberapa kebiasaan seperti kebiasaan hwesik menghilang untuk sementara. Melalui berita-berita dan pengumuman kebijakan pembatasan sosial yang dikeluarkan oleh pemerintah Korea Selatan pada bulan Maret hingga April 2020, penulis melihat hal-hal yang berubah di dalam masyarakat Korea Selatan. Korea Selatan sudah mulai berangsur normal dengan pengurangan jumlah pasien positif setiap harinya, tetapi masyarakat yang sudah mulai terbiasa untuk tinggal di rumah saja dan berhubungan melalui internet, akan merasa asing saat mulai kembali beraktivitas di luar rumah dan kantor.