STUDY OF THE HEPATOPROTECTIVE PROPERTIES OF HYPOXENE ON A MODEL OF EXPERIMENTAL TOXIC HEPATITIS IN WHITE RATS

Acute toxic hepatitis was caused by intraperitoneal administration of carbon tetrachloride in vaseline oil to white rats at the rate of 0.4 ml per 100 g of body weight for 3 days once. As a result, the animals had a violation of the cytoplasmic membranes of hepatocytes, which was accompanied by an increase in serum transamination enzymes and alkaline phosphatase, a sharp decrease in glu-cose and total protein. The use of hypoxen stopped this pathological process. After using the drug, the activity of transamination enzymes and alkaline phosphatase in the blood serum of animals de-creased to physiological values, the amount of protein and glucose increased, and the physiological state of white rats improved. Thus, hypoxen can be used in animals as a hepatoprotective agent at a dose of 50.0 mg/kg of body weight.

Study of clustered DNA lesions in the liver in acute toxic injury

Objective: to test and optimize a method for detecting clustered DNA lesions with an assessment of the quantitative characteristics of hepatic changes using an experimental model of acute toxic hepatitis.Material and methods: Laboratory C57Bl/6 mice at the age of 10 weeks were used for the study. Acute toxic liver injury was induced by means of a single intraperitoneal injection of 30 % CCI4 solution in olive oil. The withdrawal of the animals from the experiment was made after 72 hours. For the detection of clustered DNA lesions, a liver fragment was resected.Results. The electrophoretic parameters which are the most optimal for obtaining primary data for the subsequent calculation of the number of clustered DNA lesions have been proposed. The number of clusters in the DNA samples from the animals of the control group is significantly lower than in the experimental group and amounts to 54.80 [37.65; 59.24] and 76.82 [60.95; 92.41] APE1 clusters per million bp., respectively.Conclusion. Successful testing and optimization of the OCDL method for the detection of clustered lesions in liver DNA have been performed. The study has shown an increase in the number of APE1 clusters and double-strand breaks in the DNA of the C57Bl laboratory mice with induced acute toxic hepatitis, which indicates significant derangement of DNA integrity and a high risk of developing progressive liver diseases in its toxic damage.

Acute hepatitis induced by a single dose of hydroxychloroquine

<p>Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) is considered the drug of choice for prophylaxis of COVID-19. It is supposed to be a safe drug. Herein we describe a case where a single dose of HCQ has led to acute toxic hepatitis. A junior of CIMS, Bilaspur while working at surgery department took a single dose of HCQ and suffered from jaundice. This suggests that we cannot label any drug to be safe and should take drug only after proper medical consultation and prescription without which even a single dose can cause hypersensitivity reaction.</p>

Bidens pilosa L. (Asteraceae) cultivated in Brazil on acute liver disease in dogs

ABSTRACT Bidens pilosa L. is a medicinal plant popularly used for treatment of liver diseases. In this study, the dry extract of aerial parts of Bidens pilosa and Silymarin, a phytocomplex obtained from the Silybum marianum fruits and marketed as hepatoprotective, were tested in dogs experimentally acutely intoxicated with carbon tetrachloride. The liver activity was evaluated by hematological and biochemical profiles, and histological and ultrasound analyzes. It was observed that the lowest serum activities of ALT and serum concentrations of total bilirubin occurred in the groups treated with the dry extract of Bidens pilosa, while only decreased serum concentrations of total bilirubin occurred in the group treated with Silymarin. Best liver recovery was also observed for the dry extract of B. pilosa at a 400mg/Kg dose by ultrasonography. This study showed that the dry extract of Bidens pilosa acted more efficiently in the treatment of acute toxic hepatitis induced in dogs than Silymarin.

EVALUATION OF ANTIOXIDANT PROPERTIES OF MEDGERM IN ACUTE SIMULATED HEPATITIS

Disruption in redox processes plays a significant role in the pathogenesis of hepatitis. A balance between peroxidation, on the one hand, and the antioxidant system, on the other, is a prerequisite for maintaining normal cell activity. The modern arsenal of effective hepatoprotective drugs is not so wide therefore, the development of new hepatoprotectors is one of the topical issues in pharmacology. The purpose of the work is study the antioxidant properties of medgerma in acute experimental hepatitis. Material and methods. The experiments were performed on male rats weighing 180-220 g. Acute toxic hepatitis in rats was induced by intraperitoneal administration of D-galactosamine in a dosage of 400 mg / kg (LD50). The experimental animals were divided into 4 groups: group I (n = 10) included intact animals that were injected 0.9% sodium chloride solution (control group) intraperitoneally, II group (n = 40) involved the animals receiving only D-galactosamine; group III (n = 40) included rats, which received were administered Medmerg intraperitoneally in a dose of 0.4 mg / kg 7 days before D-galactosamine administration and 7 days after D-galactosamine administration. Group IV (n = 40) included rats, which received the comparison medicine, Essentiale® N, in at a dosage of 5 mg / kg in the same mode. The assessment of lipid peroxidation indices and the antioxidant system indices were carried out on days 1, 3, and 7 after the administration of hepatotoxin in the blood serum and the liver tissue homogenate supernatant. The condition of lipid peroxidation processes in the animals with galactosamine hepatitis was assessed by the content of lipid peroxidation end products in the blood and liver tissue that react with 2-thiobarbituric acid (TBA reactants). The condition of the main components of the antioxidant system was evaluated by the level of reduced glutathione and by the activity of catalase and superoxide dismutase. Results and discussion. It has been established that medgerm enhances the liver resistance to hepatotoxicant, as evidenced by a decrease in the level of lipid peroxidation products and the consumption of main components of the antioxidant system on the first day of hepatitis. Moreover, in the rats, which received Medgerm according to prevention scheme under acute toxic hepatitis, the course of the disease was milder than in the animals that did not receive this therapy. Conclusions and prospects for further research. Medgerm possesses hepatoprotective properties, which underlay positive effects on the state of lipid peroxidation and the main components of the antioxidant system.

THE EFFECTS OF L-ORNITINE AND L-ARGININE ON THE PROCESSES OF LIPID PEROXIDATION IN THE FUNCTIONAL LAYERS OF KIDNEYS ON THE BACKGROUND OF ACUTE TOXIC HEPATITIS

The aim is to evaluate the effects of L-arginine and L-ornithine on the processes of lipid peroxidation in homogenates of renal cortex, renal medulla and renal papilla under conditions of acute toxic hepatitis. Materials and methods: The study was performed on 40 outbred white male rats with experimental hepatitis, caused by carbon tetrachloride. The animals were divided into five groups: control group (the rats were simulated carbon tetrachloride poisoning and its correction by administering of olive oil and normal saline in equivalent doses), acute carbon tetrachloride hepatitis (single intraperitoneal injection of 50% carbon tetrachloride oil solution at the dose of 2 mlxkg-1 of body weight and simulation of treatment by administration of normal saline in equivalent doses), acute carbon tetrachloride hepatitis + L-ornithine (1000 mgxkg-1), acute carbon tetrachloride hepatitis + L-arginine (500 mgxkg-1) and acute carbon tetrachloride hepatitis + combination of substances. Results: On the background of acute carbon tetrachloride intoxication it was observed the development of renal failure in experimental animals, manifested by activation of lipid peroxidation processes in homogenates of renal cortex, renal medulla and renal papilla. The administration of L-ornithine and L-arginine demonstrates positive impact on renal function and hepato-renal syndrome by stabilization of cell membranes and regeneration of functional capacity of injured renal cells. Conclusions: The results of our study confirm both the presence of unidirectional effects and absence of toxic influences of L-ornithine and L-arginine on renal cells under the conditions of acute carbon tetrachloride intoxication, which are the most important requirements for modern drugs for the treatment of hepato-renal syndrome.

Hepatoprotective effect of hypoxenum against exogenous toxicosis of white rats

Any disturbances in the organism caused by infection, drug administration, vaccination, etc., are accompanied with disturbance of liver functions. Various xenobiotics entering animal organisms with food or water have the highest hepatotoxicity. Thus, an important trend in modern research is a search for substances increasing liver capacity against pathological activities, strengthening its detergent actions. The goal of this research was to study hepatoprotector properties of hypoxenum using the experimental acute toxic hepatitis model in white rats. The acute toxic hepatitis was caused by injecting the rats abdominally with tetrachloromethane in medical paraffin at a dose of 0.4 ml per 100 g of live weight once a day for 3 days. This resulted in disturbance of hepatocytes’ cytoplasmic membranes, accompanied with an increased rate of transamination enzymes and alkaline phosphotase, as well as an acute drop in glucose and total protein. Administration of hypoxenum stopped this pathological process. After the administration of the preparation, the animal’s body weight increased, activity of transamination enzymes and alkaline phosphotase returned to physiological norm, protein and glucose content increased, general physiological condition of the white rats improved. Thus, hypoxenum may be administered to animals as a hepatoprotector at a dose of 50.0 mg/kg of live weight.

The effect of the drug "Hepaton" on the reaction of lipid peroxidation

The composition of the drug "Hepaton" includes many bioactive compounds that provide the antioxidant properties of the drug, manifested by the neutralization of reactive oxygen species (ROS) with the breakaway chain free radical reactions. The aim of the study was to determine the effect of the Hepaton preparation on lipid peroxidation reactions in laboratory rats. Evaluation of the antioxidant effect of the drug was carried out on twenty laboratory rats of both sexes with a body weight of 180-220 g, divided into 2 groups. Acute toxic hepatitis in rats was induced by a single intragastric administration of 1.0 ml of a dichloroethane solution. At the same time, rats of the experimental group (n = 10) 1 hour before the introduction of di-chloroethane were injected with a solution of the drug “Hepaton” in the amount of 10 ml / kg body weight and then 1 time per day for 21 days after the use of toxicants [1]. On the 21st day after the administration of toxicants, a blood was drawn for a biochemi-cal study, which took into account the pa-rameters of the antioxidant system (diene conjugates (DC), ketodienes (CD) and malondialdehyde (MDA), as well as the level of endogenous intoxication (according to the content of MSM). Based on the results obtained, it can be con-cluded that the use of “Hepaton” in modeling acute toxic hepatitis made it possible to re-store the disturbed homeostasis of the labora-tory animal organism, the structure and in-tegrity of the hepatocyte membranes, inhibit lipid peroxidation as one of the links in the pathogenesis of hepatitis, stimulate antioxi-dant defense and power the endogenous anti-oxidant system of the body, bile formation and biliary excretion, as well as activate the reparative processes of the liver tissue at the cellular and intracellular levels.