Environmental Preferences and Fish Handling Practice among European Freshwater Anglers with Different Fishing Specialization Profiles

Recreational specialization is characteristic of many activities, including recreational fishing, which is a popular and important form of recreation throughout the world. The pressure on the environmental resources used by anglers is increasing. It is becoming crucial to understand the preferences and behaviors of anglers, which can accumulate and multiply the risk of damage to fish stocks and aquatic habitats. The main objective of the study was to comprehensively analyze the differences between anglers with diverse specialization profiles. By investigating the fishing preferences within the context of the socioeconomic, demographic and engagement factors, three groups of anglers were identified: anglers who specialize in predatory fish, anglers who specialize in non-predatory fish and unspecialized anglers. Specialized anglers, regardless of type, were found to be more supportive of releasing caught fish (71% on average) and were less likely to keep them (16%) than unspecialized anglers (55% and 27%, respectively). Unspecialized anglers (26.5% of the surveyed population) show less commitment to ethical values. The potential negative environmental impact of the least specialized anglers is an accumulation of the preferences for the use of ground bait, artificial lures, and live fish as bait. Anglers specializing in predatory fish are the most critical in their evaluation of fish resources and water quality and are least attached to specific fisheries. This work provides insight into angler experience and it may help to better identify anglers who are disrespectful towards the fishing laws in place. The results of this work may be incorporated into fishery management strategies, including strategies to reduce naïve anglers and deter disrespectful anglers, which are lucrative in the fishing process.

NEW TERRITORIAL COMMUNITIES OF RECREATIONAL SPECIALIZATION IN UKRAINE. PREREQUISITES AND REQUIREMENTS FOR ARCHITECTURAL-SPATIAL ORGANIZATION

Territorial development of settlements is important not only because of its special role in the socio-economic life of the state. Its importance is also connected with the fulfillment of Ukraine’s commitments to harmonize the current legislation and quality of life standards with the requirements of the EU, cooperation with which remains one of the priorities of our country’s European integration. The need for a modern comprehensive reassessment of the role of settlements in general in supporting the economic development of the region is due to the significant natural, resource-production, labor and other available potentials of the settlement environment. Ternopil region has a huge recreational potential, it is: natural resources, monuments of history and architecture, pilgrimage centers. All this attracts tourists, not only from Ukraine but also from abroad. The use of rich recreational resources will allow to build resorts, rest homes, tourist bases in Ternopil region, which in a short period of time can raise the economy of the region, welfare, recreation culture and improve the process and quality of population health recovery. Increasing the capacity of tourist and recreational infrastructure by attracting domestic and foreign investment is one of the priority areas of socio-economic and cultural development of Ternopil region in recent years. Increasing the share of inbound and domestic tourism, sightseeing should be an effective tool for economic growth of the region and increase its prestige in domestic and international tourism markets. KEY WORDS: territorial formations, united territorial communities (UTCs), recreational specialization, recreation, architectural and spatial organization.

METHODOLOGICAL PRINCIPLES OF THE TERRITORIES’ CLASSIFICATION WITH PARAMETERS OF THE RECREATIONAL NATURE USE

The article presents theoretical and methodological principles of researching the system of recreational nature resources use on different areas. Definition of the system, assessment of the resources, the territories’ recreational potential and their following differentiation are the paper’s tasks. Several academician and scientific methods have been applied: the structural analysis (composition of recreational resources), generalization (assessment of the industry’s status), mathematical (evaluation of the territories’ recreational potential), statistical analysis (classification of the territories by economic indicators), grouping the territories, and synthesis (elaboration of the multilevel algorithm of their differentiation). Recreational natural resources use is the part of the general system of the nature use. It is broader term than the recreational industry, since it includes protection and restoration of the resources. The multiplicative economic effect and joint use of recreational resources with other users are key features of the industry. Significant discrepancy between the scope of available recreational resources and intensity of their use are inherent for all Ukraine’s regions. The multilevel algorithm of the complex classification of the territories according to models of recreational nature use is to differentiate territories by type of settlements (urban, rural, intermediate), their proximity to urban centres (urbanized and peripheral), recreational potential (high, medium, low), and economic efficiency of industry (effective, moderately effective, inefficient). Accordingly three types of a territory’s development strategy have been identified: recreational specialization, major recreational industry, and internal recreations. The novelty of the research are the approach to determine essence, structure and functions of the system of recreational nature use, the set of criteria and indicators to evaluate recreational potential of the regions, and multilevel algorithm to classify territories and define models of their recreational use.

A Study of Cyclists, Participation Motivation, Serious Leisure and Recreational Specialization

The purpose of this study is to analyze the structural relationship among cyclists’ participation motivation; serious leisure and recreational specialization. In this study, cyclists were used as the research object, non-random sampling method was used, and a total of 237 effective questionnaires were collected. After descriptive statistics and partial least squares (PLS) statistics analysis, the results show that: the cyclists’ participation motivation is higher, their characteristics of serious leisure are more obvious, and the recreational specialization also higher; and cyclists have characteristics of serious leisure their recreational specialization is also higher. In addition, the study also confirms that serious leisure has a mediate effect on recreational specialization.

Research of the socio-economic condition of the tourist industry in the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic

The presence of unique natural complexes and landscapes in the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic, creating the prerequisites for the development of the hospitality and tourism industry. A study of the current state and the competitive advantages of the region for the development of the tourism industry in the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic have been identified. The study found that on the territory of the Republic there are currently 11 zones of potential recreational specialization with different levels of development, including the Nalchik health resort complex, the Prielbrusye mountain recreation complex, and the Jyly – health-improving complexes Su”, “Aushiger”, “Tambukan”, climbing complex “Bezengi”, excursion-tourist complexes “Chegem waterfalls”, “Blue Lakes”, “Valley of Narzanov”, archaeological and tourist complexes» Upper Balkaria” and “Upper Chegem”. There are 14 different types of mineral springs in the republic: iodine-bromine, nitrogen-thermal, hydrogen sulfide, sodium bicarbonate, and bromine compounds. In the tourist complex of the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic in 2019, there is a positive trend in the number of beds, the number of persons accommodated, the number of tourist companies and the number of persons rested, and the number of visits to museums and theaters. Despite the positive dynamics of these indicators, there are negative aspects, characterized by a decrease in the number of children who had a rest in health camps for children, the number of Russian tourists sent by CBD travel agencies in the Russian Federation and in foreign tours, an imbalance between supply and demand (demand exceeds supply). The obtained results reveal an understanding of specific activities that ensure the economic growth of the tourism industry and the competitive advantages of the region. The results of the study can be applied in developing trends in the development of the tourism industry in the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic, in educational processes and in the tourism sector.

RESORT AND RECREATIONAL POTENTIAL AS A FACTOR OF ECONOMIC DIVERSIFICATION IN RURAL AREAS OF THE PERM REGION

Rural areas are an important strategic resource for the development of resort and recreational specialization of the Perm region. Most health resorts in the region are located in environmentally friendly areas, which allows you to develop a value proposition for different groups of consumers. The study conducted by the author indicates a growing demand for medical and health services of enterprises of the sanatorium complex. The article presents the characteristics of the resort and recreational potential of the Perm region, and identifies trends in consumer demand for medical and health services of enterprises of the sanatorium complex. A system of measures to diversify the region's economy based on optimizing the use of the resort and recreational potential of rural areas is proposed.

Creation of Territorial Tourism and Recreational Clusters as a Factor of Increasing the Efficiency of Land Management in Rural Areas

The article presents approaches to clustering of recreation and tourism facilities. The author sets the problem of sustainable development of rural areas which do not have agricultural specialization. Such territories include areas with the tourist and recreational potential. In these areas, agriculture is not developed due to its natural peculiarities, though they belong to rural areas. There, the standard of living is lower than in the areas with developed agricultural production. Rural areas with the tourist and recreational potential, as a rule, have land resources related to specially protected natural areas or are in close proximity to them which complicates the management process as applying generally accepted management methods to such specific areas does not give the desired effect. The author proposes to apply the elements of cluster policy in order to improve the efficiency of land management in such rural areas. The researcher analyzes Mostovsky district of Krasnodar Krai as the most striking example of a rural area with the tourist and recreational specialization. The creation of territorial tourist and recreational clusters was carried out in several steps. The property items were selected with the use of expert analysis. They are land plots for recreation and tourism facilities that meet the requirements. Three large groups of sites were created to simplify data processing. Further, the enlarged groups were divided into 12 sectors by the expert and graphical methods. This method is very approximate and does not give serious results. The author proposes to apply the mathematical methods for more accurate clustering. The author uses the Euclidean distance method and the “nested spheres method” resulting in the formation of three territorial tourism and recreation clusters of the district. The article describes the main directions of using the results of the suggested clustering methodology which will be the basis for making optimal management decisions to improve the land use efficiency in rural areas.

Recreational-Geomorphological Assessment and Mapping of the Sarma Model Polygon on Lake Baikal

The terrain of the western coast of Lake Baikal is characterized by morphological and genetic diversity. The major types of landforms are represented by gorsts and grabens, which are specific to rift-type orogenic belts. The neotectonic movements and exogenous relief-formation processes are developed on the geological basis represented by the oldest rocks and tectonic structures of the Earth's crust of Archean age. In the Priolkhonye region, there is a unique combination of foothill plains and mountain structures of the Primorsky ridge along the fault, expressed in the terrain in the form of extended rectilinear steep ledges with traces of seismic processes. The above-mentioned features of the terrain of the western coast of Lake Baikal allow us to consider the terrain as an important recreational resource and a factor of tourism development. The different types of landforms are characterized by a certain recreational specialization, have an impact on the aesthetic attractiveness of the territory and the possibility of emerging of geomorphological risks and dangers for tourism. A comprehensive study of the terrain within the research and training ground "Sarma", located on the western coast of Lake Baikal, was carried out. Terrain assessment and geomorphological mapping are carried out on a landscape basis using a regional-typological approach, which makes it possible to take into account individual and typical geomorphological features of the territory. This approach makes it possible to give a comprehensive description of the recreational and geomorphological potential of the territory, which is necessary for evidence-informed decisions making in the sustainable tourism development.