Sprachliche Herausforderungen an die Rechtsvergleichung im Agrarrecht

Agricultural law combines two opposing directions of development of law in general. One is connected with the local or regional element and indeed, like no other discipline, is linked to a specific region, culture, tradition and linguistic specificity, being a consequence of the specific nature of agricultural law. On the other hand, at the level of the European Union it is characterised by the greatest degree of integration. The Common Agricultural Policy has made agricultural law locally and regionally rooted but, at the same time, it has created a specific technical language of European agricultural law. Therefore, conducting a comparative legal research into the field of agricultural law faces a particular challenge as it requires combining both local and regional linguistic specificities with the European technical language of agricultural law. This relativism of the technical language of agricultural law does not, however, stand in the way of legal comparativism. However, apart from the linguistic knowledge, it requires the researcher to possess thorough cultural, social and economic knowledge of another country. Professor Budzinowski, unlike many other scholars, embodies these skills in his comparative legal research.

Development of Online Needs-Based Workshop Support System in a Pandemic

The sustainable development goals, adopted in 2015, include achievement of sustainable consumption and production (SCP) patterns as the 12th goal. To achieve SCP patterns, it is necessary not only to reduce environmental load caused by production and manufacturing but also to improve the sufficiency of fundamental human needs and the quality of life of consumers. The living-sphere approach aims to design products for a target living sphere by determining the sufficiency of fundamental human needs among local residents through products using the fundamental human needs framework proposed by Max-Neef. This framework consists of fundamental human needs and satisfiers. Max-Neef argued that fundamental human needs are universal, but satisfiers fulfilling these fundamental human needs depend on region, culture and time. The satisfiers have previously been extracted by needs-based participatory workshops, but during the ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, these in-person workshops can no longer be held. In this study, we developed an online needs-based workshop (NBW) support system to replace the in-person NBW. The developed system consists of digital applications such as an online whiteboard service, video meeting service and original software to support facilitation. We applied the developed system to online NBWs held in Japan to verify the developed system and to validate whether the online NBW can replace the in-person NBW. The results verified that the developed system was working as designed. Comparison of the results between online and in-person sessions validated that replacing the in-person NBW with an online NBW using the developed system was highly possible.

Consumers Buying Behaviour and Challenges Faced by Consumers During COVID-19 Pandemic Regarding FMCG Products ( During Indian Lockdown)

Pandemics are the imminent health challenges for consumers whereby fear and panic are integral human responses historically. Panic behavior during pandemic is an expected response consumer threatens the ability to cope and destroy the existing balance in life. Consumers develop much-unexplained behavior which differs from region to region, culture to culture. Panic buying / increased buying behavior has been observed during public health emergencies since the ancient period. However, the exact psychological explanation responsible for it has not sought systematically. Therefore, the study is to intend a thrust to identify the possible psychological explanations behind the consumer buying behavior during pandemics. A perception of scarcity is strongly linked with the consumer buying behavior during pandemics, and collecting & saving behaviors increases if the scarcity develops for the immediate necessaries. It also creates a feeling of insecurity which in turn activates another mechanism to collect things. Panic buying also has been linked with perceived feeling of insecurity and instability of certain situations. Furthermore, supply disruption, a condition where normal product supply in supply chain interrupted, has been frequently observed during a disaster or other unwanted calamities. This also led to a feeling of insecurity. The objective of study is to analyze how pandemic affect consumer buying pattern and sentiments.

Acknowledging Diversity: Need of Hour in Education

Diversity entails differences among individuals in terms of their religion, caste, language, region, culture, traditions, customs, etc. India being a pluralistic society these differences are evident amongst learners in classrooms as well. The need of the hour is to acknowledge this diversity amongst learners in our classrooms and appreciate the heterogeneous pool present in our classrooms. This would help to make the instruction specific to the individual needs of the students resulting in a boost to the educational outcomes of the students concerned

2 Historical Development and Legal Basis

This chapter discusses the historical evolution and the existing legal foundations of international humanitarian law in the light of current practice. In this context, the ethical and political prerequisites for legal development are discussed in their global relevance, as the origins of the fundamental principles of humanitarian law are not exclusively based on a single region, culture, or religion. At a time which is characterized by rapid societal changes and diminishing distances, a good understanding of the multicultural basis for humanitarian rules is of the utmost importance. Although the subject of this handbook is the law applicable to the conduct of hostilities that applies once a party has entered into armed conflict (the jus in bello), that law cannot be properly understood without some examination of the separate body of rules which determines when resort to armed force is permissible (the jus ad bellum). The jus ad bellum has ancient origins but current law is founded on Article 2(4) and Chapter VII of the UN Charter. The chapter then considers the Geneva Conventions of 1949, as well as the Hague Conventions.

KAJIAN ESTETIKA KUPIAH RIMAN DESA DAYAH ADAN KABUPATEN PIDIE

Daerah Aceh kaya akan kebudayaan, banyak hasil kebudayaan Aceh yang tidak terlepas dari nuansa Islami, salah satu contoh dalam seni rupa adalah kupiah riman yang digunakan oleh kaum lelaki Aceh. Sampai saat ini kerajinan kupiah riman masih diproduksi di Desa Dayah Adan Kecamatan Mutiara Timur Kabupaten Pidie. Kupiah riman memiliki ciri khas motif tradisional Aceh, seperti: motif pintoe Aceh, bungong kupula, bungong jeumpa,dan lain-lain. Pengetahuan tentang bentuk dan nilai keindahan/ estetika yang terkandung di dalam kupiah riman tidak diketahui oleh sebagian besar masyarakat Aceh saat ini. Masyarakat Aceh menganggap motif tersebut hanya sebagai hiasan semata. Nilai keindahan tersebut menarik untuk diteliti karena kupiah riman memiliki dua bentuk yaitu lonjong dan bulat. Kupiah ini digunakan dalam berbagai upacara adat. Penelitian ini bertujuan agar masyarakat Aceh pada umunya dan Kabupaten Pidie khususnya dapat mengenal kekayaan budaya daerah seperti kupiah riman agar dapat dijaga dan dilestarikan keberadaannya.Penelitian ini akan menggunakan teori estetika Monroe yaitu kesatuan (unity), kerumitan (complexity), dan kesungguhan (intensity) untuk menganalisis kupiah riman. Hasil penelitian ini nantinya dapat dijadikan sebagai acuan atau referensi bagi penelitian selanjutnya mengenai kupiah riman. Hal ini juga berpengaruh terhadap industri kerajinan kupiah riman yang ada di Desa Dayah Adan karena diharapkan melalui penelitian ini produk kupiah riman semakin dikenal.Aceh is rich of culture, many of its culture has islamic nuances, one of the example in art is "kupiah riman" which is used by man in aceh . Until now the handicraft of "kupiah riman" is still produced in Dayah village, Mutiara Timur sub district, district of pidie. Kupiah riman has characteristic traditional design of aceh , like : pintoe aceh design, bungong kupula design, bungong jeumpa design, etc. Nowadays, The knowledge about form and estetic value in kupiah riman is unknown by most of native people in aceh.people in aceh assumed that the design only as handicraft. The estetic value are interesting to be researched because kupiah riman has 2 form, there are oval and circle. This kupiah is used in many of traditional ceremonies. This research is aimed to purpose the people in aceh in general, and especially pidei distric know the wealth of region culture like kupiah timan, so that it can be saved and preserved. This research will use monroe estetic theory (unity), complexity, and intensity to analize kupiah ruman . The result of the research furthermore can be references to the next research. It also has influence to the handicraft industry sector of kupiah riman in dayah village, the researcher hope, due to this research , kupiah riman is more knowable .

Stigma of mental illness and cultural factors in Pacific Rim region: a systematic review

Background Although cultural factors play a crucial role in experience of stigma, there is scant review on the impact and importance of culture on stigma of mental illness across Pacific Rim Region. This study aims to investigate: 1) the cultural factors related to stigmatizing beliefs about mental illness in Pacific Rim region, and 2) culture-specific measures and interventions on stigma of mental illness. Methods A systematic search of papers was conducted in the MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, Web of Science, PsycINFO, Scopus, Cochrane Library and Google scholar through January 2003 to April 2019. Results Forty-one studies in Pacific Rim region which met the inclusion criteria were included in the study. The rate of stigma of mental illness (e.g., public stigma: from 25.4 to 85.2%) was relatively high in Pacific Rim region. Culture factors (e.g., Collectivism, Confucianism, face concern and familism, religion and supernatural beliefs) contributed to people’s stigmatizing behaviors and attitudes toward persons with mental illness, their relatives and mental health professionals. Certain measurements were developed and employed to assess different type of cultural factors related to stigma of mental illness. Conclusions Cultural factors play an important role in influencing the rate and performance of stigma of mental illness. Further research on stigma of mental illness and culture-specific interventions to reduce the stigma should be conducted in the Pacific Rim region.

Focus Group Discussion as a Tool to Assess Patient-Based Outcomes, Practical Tips for Conducting Focus Group Discussion for Medical Students—Learning With an Example

Patient-based outcomes (patient-reported outcomes) of any intervention can change according to factors like age, gender, region, culture, education, and socioeconomic status. Most of the available outcome measuring tools have a surgeon-related bias. Focus group discussion (FGD) is a simple and effective way to assess the outcome of an intervention. In FGD, people from similar backgrounds and experiences discuss a specific topic of interest. Our objective is to discuss the problems of common outcome measuring tools for patient satisfaction and to understand the method of conducting an FGD. We have set our own published article on patient-based outcomes after total knee arthroplasty (TKA) as an example for explaining the method of conducting an FGD. The planning, advantages, disadvantages, practicalities, and problems of conducting an FGD are explained. In conclusion, many of the tools used for assessing patient satisfaction is surgeon-centered. Focus group discussion is simple, cost-effective, requiring a small number of participants, and can be completed in a short period. It is an effective tool for assessing patient-based outcomes in TKA.

Budaya, Store Atmosphere Dan Kualitas Produk Terhadap Perilaku Pembelian Batik Di Toko Kawasan Kampung Batik Laweyan

The research aims to find out and describe the influence of simultaneously or partial culture, store atmosphere and product quality to Batik buying behaviour in Batik Store Laweyan Region. This methodology research using quantitative descriptive research. The population was all consumer Batik Store Laweyan Region unknown number. The number of samples was determined with the formula Lemeshow and the result 100 respondents. Sampling method using insidental sampling. The questionnaire used for data retrieval. Data analysis technique used was statistic analysis is multiple linier regression, F test, t test and determination coefficient. This test results the culture, store atmosphere and product quality simultaneously and significance effect on Batik buying behaviour in Batik Store Laweyan Region. culture influential positive and significance effect against the Batik buying behaviour in Batik Store Laweyan Region. Store atmosphere influential positive and significance effect against the Batik buying behaviour in Batik Store Laweyan Region. Product quality influential positive and significance to Batik buying behaviour in Batik Store Laweyan Region The results of the determination of the coefficient indicates culture, store atmosphere and product quality have influence of 57,2% cloth’s buying behaviour in Batik Store Laweyan Region. Suggestion in this research is company should improve the quality of product, espcecially about the characteristics of the product. Companies must be more varied in designing clothes so consumers are interested and purchases by consumers will increase. Keywords: Buying Behaviour, Culture, Store Atmosphere, Product Quality