scholarly journals ASSESSMENT OF THE IMPACT OF ANTHROPOGENIC AND TECHNOGENIC FACTORS ON THE CONTAMINATION OF THE SOIL COVER OF THE CITY

2021 ◽  
pp. 118-123
Author(s):  
G.V. Khakimova ◽  
◽  
L.R. Asfandiyarova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Cover ◽  
Anthropogenic Sources ◽  
Winter Period ◽  
Background Concentration ◽  
Industrial City ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Area Of Influence ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City ◽  
Industrial Center

The aim of the study is to assess the ecological state of the territory of an industrial city based on moni-toring the soil cover. In the winter period, the study of the soil cover of the urbanized territory for the con-tent of sulfates, nitrates, chlorides was carried out, and the pH values were determined. Analysis of the spatial distributions of the studied substances in the soil cover in the area of influence of a large industrial center show the variation of the content of pollutants due to the impact of anthropogenic sources; there is an excess of the background concentration for all tested ingredients. In the course of the research, it has determined that it is advisable to use data on soil pollution in the study area as a means of control-ling the impact of anthropogenic sources on the environment.

ACID-BASE PROPERTIES OF URBAN SOILS IN CHERKASSY

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anastasiia Hovorun ◽  
Olga Myslyuk
Keyword(s):  
Urban Soils ◽  
Soil Cover ◽  
Anthropogenic Factors ◽  
Urban Landscapes ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Natural Landscape ◽  
Anionic Composition ◽  
Functional Zones ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City

The characteristics of the soil cover of the city Cherkassy and the sources of anthropogenic changes of its acidbase properties are presented. The results of the research of soils from different functional zones of the city Cherkassy showed that its reaction is mainly alkaline. The cartographic model of experimental data was made with the program SURFER showing acid-base regime characteristics of soils in different functional zones of the city. This mapping allowed to identify the following soils: fertile (рН = 6.5–7.0) and potentially fertile (рН = 7.0–7.5), hardly suitable (рН = 7.5–8.0), moderately (рН = 8.0–8.5) and highly (рН = 8.0–8.5) toxic. It is concluded that only 60% of urban soils can be identified as fertile or potentially fertile in terms of characteristics of acid-base regime. The results of the evaluation of acid-base regime of urban soilsare correlated with the results of the previous studies of pollution of snow cover in the areas of permanent emissions and the anionic composition of soils. The analysis of the cause-effect relationships in the impact of adverse environmental factors on urban landscapes showed that the formation of acid-base regime of soils is influenced both by the natural landscape, i.e. geochemical, and anthropogenic factors.

scholarly journals The Sosio-Economic Impact of Covid-19 Pandemic in Lhokseumawe City

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Angga Syahputra ◽  
Mukhtasar Mukhtasar
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Methods ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Government Policies ◽  
Economic Aspects ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Industrial City ◽  
The People ◽  
Data Source ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City

AbstractThe Indonesian government has taken various policies to protect its citizens from the Covid-19 outbreak. Large-Scale Social Restrictions (PSBB) to impose a curfew have become several policies taken by several cities in Indonesia to stop the spread of Covid-19. Since WHO declared a pandemic, Covid-19 has had an impact on all aspects of life including socio-economics. Lhokseumawe is an industrial city which is mostly inhabited by residents from outside the city which is designated as a red zone. Various policies issued, such as the imposition of curfews, prohibitions on gathering in cafes, social distancing, wearing masks, and other policies, generally have no significant impact on socio-economic aspects. For this reason, researchers want to see the impact of Covid-19 on the socio-economic aspects of the people of Lhokseumawe City. The method used in this study used qualitative methods with the main data source obtained from observations, as a complement used literature studies and the results of previous research. As of October 2020, Lhokseumawe is still a red zone, but many people do not heed government policies, even socio-economic activities appear to be running normally. The results also showed that there was no significant change in the socio-economic aspects of the community in Lhokseumawe City. This research also explains important steps that are useful for stakeholders to decide on Covid-19 and anticipate its impact.

The impact of air pollution during the liquidation and recultivation of mine workings on health problems risk of the population in an industrial city

2021 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 197-201
Author(s):  
Vera V. Kislitsyna ◽  
Dmitry V. Surzhikov ◽  
Yuliya S. Likontseva ◽  
Roman A. Golikov ◽  
Varvara A. Staiger
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Coal Mine ◽  
Carcinogenic Risk ◽  
Background Concentrations ◽  
Mining Operations ◽  
Chronic Intoxication ◽  
Industrial City ◽  
Mine Workings ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City

Introduction. The Kemerovo region is the largest coal-producing region in Russia, and coal mining hurts the environment. The earth's developed mineral deposits are sources of pollution of atmospheric air, water, and soil. They increase the risk to public health. The implementation of measures for the reclamation of disturbed land is an urgent problem. The study aims to assess the health of an industrial city from air pollution during the liquidation of mining operations, and reclamation works carried out at a coal mine. Materials and methods. The scientists assessed the distribution and impact of atmospheric emissions at 40 plotted points based on a map of the city of Kisilevsk in the Kemerovo region. We calculated the maximum and average annual concentrations of pollutants and identified the risk of chronic intoxication and carcinogenic risk. Scientists obtained risk values with acceptable levels. The risk values were determined, taking into account the background concentrations of substances. Results. The researchers revealed priority pollutants: inorganic dust, nitrogen dioxide, nitrogen oxide, sulfur dioxide, carbon (soot), carbon monoxide. There is no excess of the maximum average annual concentrations during the liquidation and reclamation at the coal mine for all pollutants. The combined values of the risk of chronic intoxication and carcinogenic risk do not exceed the acceptable level. The total values of the risk of chronic intoxication, taking into account the background concentrations of pollutants, exceed the proper level at all points of exposure. Conclusions. Activities for the elimination and reclamation of mine workings do not significantly impact the environment and the health of the population of the city of Kiselevsk.

GEOECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT OF THE MODERN ZINC CONTENT IN THE SOIL COVER OF THE URBANIZED TERRITORIES OF THE SOUTH OF RUSSIA

2021 ◽  
Vol 82 (3) ◽  
pp. 115-120
Author(s):  
SINTSOV ALEXANDER V. ◽  
◽  
BARMIN ALEXANDER N. ◽  
ZIMOVETS PETR A. ◽  
VALOV MICHAIL V. ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Maximum Permissible Concentration ◽  
Soil Cover ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Zinc Content ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
The Body ◽  
Urbanized Area ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City

Anthropogenic and technogenic processes in the urban environment significantly change the chemical composition of the soil cover. One of such processes influencing the state of the urban soil is the process of soil cover pollution with heavy metals. Heavy metals are biochemically active and highly toxic; they are found in various components of the natural environment, as well as in systems of anthropogenic and technogenic origin. They have the property of accumulation in the body of living beings and have a negative effect on their condition. This group of chemical elements includes lead, zinc, chromium, mercury, copper, iron and other metals. Exceeding the permissible concentration of heavy metals in the soil of an urbanized area and their toxic effects pose a significant danger to humans. Contamination of the soil cover of an urbanized area with heavy metals is associated with the impact of a large number of sources of anthropogenic and technogenic origin, namely, energy and industrial facilities, city infrastructure support systems, zones of construction activities and storage of materials or waste. One of the main highly toxic chemical pollutants of the soil cover of the urbanized territory belonging to the group of heavy metals is zinc «Zincum-Zn». The article describes the results of a 2020 study of the current zinc content in the soil cover of the city of Astrakhan. The relevance of the work lies in the geochemical analysis of the content of heavy metals in the soil of the city of Astrakhan. The aim of the work was to study the modern process of soil contamination of the city of Astrakhan with zinc. The work was based on the task of determining the degree of exceeding the hygienic standards of the maximum permissible concentration of zinc in soil samples. Methods of geographical and ecological research were used in the work, soil samples were collected, followed by determination of the concentration of a substance in each of the soil samples in a certified laboratory. In the course of the work, the indicators of exceeding the maximum permissible concentration of zinc in the soil of the city of Astrakhan were determined and the presumptive sources of pollution were identified.

scholarly journals Heavy Metals in Soils and Road Dusts in Akure City, Southwest Nigeria: Ecological and Health Risks

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adeniyi JohnPaul Adewumi
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Health Risks ◽  
Fine Particles ◽  
Health Hazard ◽  
Hierarchical Cluster ◽  
Anthropogenic Sources ◽  
Hazard Evaluation ◽  
Southwest Nigeria ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City

Abstract Expanded urbanization particularly in developing nations have as of late become a significant source of worry because of their adverse consequences on the environment. This study was conducted to determine the extent of pollution, sources, and potential ecological and health risks associated with heavy metals in Akure region, Nigeria's soils and street dusts. Thirty-four samples including 16 soils and street dusts samples each were gathered with two control samples gathered from a suburb a long way from the city. To collect fine particles, they were air dried and sieved. Chemical analysis of samples werecarried out utilizing Atomic Absorption Spectrometer (AAS) at Sustainable laboratory, a certified laboratory in Akure, Nigeria. Metals analysed were: As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn and Fe. Contamination, ecological and health hazard evaluations were carried out utilizing universally acceptable indices. Potential sources were disentangle utilizing measurable technique like bivariate, factor and hierarchical cluster analyses. Results uncovered that the mean amount of Pb, Zn and Fe in street dusts were: 32.33 mg/kg, 72.53 mg/kg, and 115.21 mg/kg separately while in soil tests it was 34.34 mg/kg, 67.76 mg/kg, and 115.21 mg/kg. The examination further showed that metals particularly Cr present slight to high ecological dangers. Health hazard evaluation uncovered that the occupants of the area particularly kids are more inclined to non-cancer-causing health risks. Metals were mostly from anthropogenic sources. To reduce the impact of toxic metals in the city, it is proposed that ecological enactment and mindfulness be practiced.

scholarly journals Anthropogenic Photolabile Chlorine in the Cold-Climate City of Montreal

Atmosphere ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 812
Author(s):  
Ryan Hall ◽  
Oleg Nepotchatykh ◽  
Evguenia Nepotchatykh ◽  
Parisa A. Ariya
Keyword(s):  
Chloride Ion ◽  
Particle Morphology ◽  
Chloride Ions ◽  
Cold Climate ◽  
Anthropogenic Sources ◽  
Oxidative Potential ◽  
Chlorine Atoms ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City ◽  
Cl Atoms

Chlorine atoms play a key role in the oxidative potential of the atmosphere and biogeochemical cycling of selected elements. This study provides a decadal analysis (2010−2019) of chloride ions in PM2.5 particles in the city of Montreal, where these are most concentrated systematically in the winter (up to 1.6 µg/m3). We also herein present the measurement of photolabile chlorine, which includes chlorine-containing compounds (e.g., Cl2, HOCl, ClNO2, ClNO3, and BrCl) that release chlorine atoms upon interaction with radiation, in urban Montreal, Canada using Cl2-RPGE (Cl2 Reactive Phase Gas Extraction) tubes and quantifying the chlorinated product by GC-MS. Photolabile chlorine in urban Montreal was measured during a discontinuous period primarily in summer 2018 and winter 2019 with a time resolution of 30 min, with concentrations ranging from 3 to 545 ng/m3 expressed as Cl2. The reported values are considered lower limits, as compounds such as HOCl and ClNO2 can only be partially converted in the current setup. The largest peak of gaseous photolabile chlorine occurred in the winter, when significant sources of anthropogenic salt are used in snow removal in the city. This coincides with observed chloride ion measurements in airborne particles, implying that anthropogenic salt addition produces photoactive chlorine. The maximum chlorine signal was consistently obtained during the daytime, which is in accordance with the tropospheric radiation profile. Complementary photochemistry laboratory experiments indicated that upon tropospheric radiation (340 ≤ λ ≤ 400 nm; UVA), an increase (20–100%) was observed, confirming the formation of Cl atoms from photolabile chlorine compounds. Thus, this portable technique is adequate for Cl atoms and photolabile chlorine-containing compounds upon photolysis using UVA lamps. High-resolution S/TEM and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) were used to evaluate collected particle morphology and composition. The behavior of complementary pollutants (O3, CO, PM2.5, and NOx) was also briefly discussed. We herein discuss the measurement of photolabile halogens within a northern urban metropolitan environment and the impact of anthropogenic sources on chlorine concentrations.

scholarly journals Technogenic Magnetic Particles in Soils and Ecological–Geochemical Assessment of the Soil Cover of an Industrial City in the Ural, Russia

Geosciences ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 443
Author(s):  
Andrei Vasiliev ◽  
Svetlana Gorokhova ◽  
Mikhail Razinsky
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Magnetic Susceptibility ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Magnetic Particles ◽  
Soil Cover ◽  
Iron Compounds ◽  
Industrial City ◽  
The City ◽  
Geochemical Assessment ◽  
Technogenic Magnetic Particles

The work is devoted to the study of pollution by technogenic magnetic particles and heavy metals of soils in the city of Gubakha, Middle Ural (Russia). The aim of the work is the ecological and geochemical assessment of the elemental chemical composition of the soils of the city of Gubakha, and the establishment of the geochemical role of technogenic magnetic particles (TMPs). For the first time, the regularities of the spatial distribution of magnetic susceptibility in the soils of the city of Gubakha were revealed, and the morphology, elemental and mineralogical compositions of magnetic particles in the soils of an industrial city in the Middle Urals were characterized using the methods of the chemical extraction of iron compounds, magnetic separation, ESEM/EDS, and Mössbauer spectroscopy. The magnetic phase of soils contains magnetite/maghemite, hematite, pyrrhotite, intermetallic alloys and chromite. Spherical magnetic particles are hollow, and have a magnetite shell and a varied surface texture. The crystal lattice of magnetite is characterized by low stoichiometry. The heavy metals Zn, Cu, Ni and Cr are concentrated in magnetic particles and have a high correlation coefficient with magnetic susceptibility. The level of contamination of Cu, Ni, Zn, Cr and Mn in the soils of a residential zone of Gubakha, estimated by the value of the pollution load index (PLI), was high. The Igeo index for Fe ranges from 6.2 to 12.2, for Cu–1.1 and Ni–1.1. The combination of methods for measuring magnetic susceptibility, determining the mineralogical composition of iron compounds, and determining the elemental chemical composition by X-ray fluorescence, has shown the effectiveness of an integrated approach for carrying out an ecological–geochemical assessment of the soil cover of Gubakha.

Evaluation of light atmospheric plume inversion methods using synthetic XCO2 satellite images to compute Paris CO2 emissions.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandre Danjou ◽  
Gregoire Broquet ◽  
Jinghui Lian ◽  
François-Marie Bréon ◽  
Annmarie Eldering ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Measurement Errors ◽  
Anthropogenic Sources ◽  
Estimation Methods ◽  
Climate Mitigation ◽  
Extended Source ◽  
Large Power ◽  
Paris Area ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City

<p>An increasingly-large number of cities have designed ambitious climate mitigation plans to contribute to national GHG emission reduction objectives, typically starting with city-scale accountability of their direct and indirect fossil fuel emissions (Self Reported Inventories). Several concepts of spaceborne instruments providing high resolution 2D view of CO<sub>2</sub> total column concentrations (XCO2) have been developed to monitor the CO<sub>2</sub> anthropogenic emissions. Those images target mainly the CO<sub>2</sub> atmospheric plumes from cities and large power plants, expecting that their study may quantify the emissions of those sources. However, there is still a need to develop and asses estimation methods which could process a large number of images in a robust way for such quantifications.</p><p><span>In this study, we evaluate the ability to quantify CO<sub>2</sub> urban emissions from XCO2 2D images by conducting sensitivity experiments with synthetic images over the Paris area during the winter 2019/2020. Synthetic data were simulated using state-of-the-art mesoscale model simulations at 1km resolution coupled to a high-resolution inventory, all validated against in situ CO<sub>2</sub> tower measurements. We compared multiple direct flux calculation methods as described in various studies including Source Pixel, Integrated Mass Enhancement and </span><span>Cross-sectional</span><span> methods [Varon et al.,2018], further examined with various configurations, in addition to several formulations of Gaussian plume inversion techniques. These methods are computationally affordable compared to mesoscale inversions based on Eulerian or Lagrangian models, hence able to process rapidly a large amount of data over various cities in the future</span>.</p><p>We quantified the uncertainties and accuracy for these methods using different combinations of assumptions to i) identify the plume from the city, ii) to determine the corresponding background concentrations from natural and anthropogenic sources outside the city, and iii) to estimate the effective wind speed and direction of the plume. From this large ensemble of approaches and configurations, we identified the most robust methods and parametrizations with their corresponding precisions under various meteorological conditions and specifications of the XCO2 images (esp. spatial resolution and measurement errors).</p><p><span>Starting with ideal cases without measurement noise and with perfectly known transport, we further increase the complexity of the experiments towards more realistic conditions in order to quantify the impact of the various sources of uncertainties (i.e. measurement errors, uncertainties in background conditions, uncertain plume detection, transport uncertainties). </span><span>We show that </span><span>most methods have to be adapted to handle the spatial extent of the targeted sources and that their performance are good in near steady state conditions</span><span>. The source pixel method seems to be the less suited for extended source estimation. However, the final uncertainty is mainly driven by the pre-processing steps (background, plume limits and effective wind estimations).</span></p>

ARCHITECTURAL COMPETITIONS AS INSTRUMENT OF SHAPING POST-INDUSTRIAL CITY IMAGE / ARCHITEKTŪRINIAI KONKURSAI KAIP PRIEMONĖ FORMUOJANT POINDUSTRINIŲ MIESTŲ ĮVAIZDĮ

2013 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 82-89
Author(s):  
Vika Pranaitytė
Keyword(s):  
City Image ◽  
Image Reproduction ◽  
Industrial City ◽  
Foreign Countries ◽  
Architectural Competitions ◽  
Cultural Functions ◽  
Post Industrial ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City

The main article theme – the concept of post-industrial city image and its changes. The most important stigma of such cities is analyzing - the lack of identity and inner city industrial areas. The new stage of “recycled” city is indicated. Here the city image reproduction is proceeded through cultural functions. Also the impact of the conversion to improve the city's image, is analyzing and architectural competitions are taken as benefit to reach the quality of converted terrtory. Examples of foreign countries are given systemically, as well as an overview of the situation in Lithuania, evaluating existing internal potential, and specific projects. Santrauka Straipsnyje nagrinėjama poindustrinio miesto įvaizdžio samprata ir jo kaita. Analizuojama svarbiausia stigma – identiteto stoka ir vidinės miesto pramoninės dykros. Išskiriamas miestų virsmo „perdirbtais“ miestais etapas, kuriame įvaizdžio reprodukcijos siekiama pasitelkiant kultūrines funkcijas. Aptariama pramoninių teritorijų konversijų įtaka gerinant miesto įvaizdį bei architektūrinių konkursų nauda kokybei jose pasiekti. Analizuojami ir sisteminami užsienio šalių pavyzdžiai, taip pat apžvelgiama situacija Lietuvoje, įvertinamas esamas vidinis potencialas bei konkretūs vykdomi projektai.

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