Place & Person involved in delivery: Factors leading to delay in diagnosis of Anorectal Malformation in Newborns

Objective: To determine the frequency of place of delivery and person detecting the anomaly among newborn babies presenting with delayed diagnosis of anorectal malformation (ARM). Methods: This is a Descriptive Cross-Sectional Study, conducted at Department of Paediatric Surgery, National Institute of Child Health (NICH) Karachi, from February 19, 2019 to August 18, 2019. All patients with ARM who were diagnosed beyond two hours of life (Delayed diagnosis) were included in the study. Chi square test was applied for comparison of categorical variables. Results: Total 110 patients were enrolled in this study. Nineteen (17.3%) patients were delivered at home, while 91 (82.7%) were delivered at the hospital. The first person detecting the anomaly was grandmother (n=25) or a non-medical person in 58 patients (52.7%), 52 were diagnosed by a medical personal either primarily in 31 cases (28.2%) or secondarily by a neonatologist in 21 cases (19.1%). Conclusion: It is concluded that Non-medical person detected ARM mainly despite the babies being delivered mostly at the hospital, indicating the need for meticulous neonatal examination. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.38.1.4156 How to cite this:Perveen S, Ali S, Jabbar A, Fatima B. Place & Person involved in delivery: Factors leading to delay in diagnosis of Anorectal Malformation in Newborns. Pak J Med Sci. 2022;38(1):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.38.1.4156 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

I'll Get by with a Little Help from my Friends: Young People's Help-Seeking for Depression

<p>The present research involved two studies examining the impact of severity on the process of help-seeking for depression. The first study included a survey of 316 New Zealand Adolescents (14-18 years) help-seeking, their inclination to seek help from a friend, parent, medical person and mental health professional for each scenario, and barriers to seeking help from these sources. Young females were more likely to identify depressive symptoms as a problem, and reported higher help-seeking, as well as lower barriers to seeking help. Age and ethnicity impacted on the process of seeking help, and inclination to seek help from different sources, supporting a complex multi-stage process, which both individual and contextual variables impact on the different stages. Correspondence Analysis was conducted on participant barriers to seeking help, which revealed that the severity of symptoms and source of help were reflected in participants' selection of barriers. It was suggested that young people perceive formal sources of help as more appropriate for severe symptoms of depression than informal sources such as friends and family. To examine this further, twenty-two semi-structured interviews were conducted with similar aged young people in the second study. Through thematic analysis, two overarching themes were identified. The expected response from a helper, and their relationship with a helper, were found to influence seeking help from different sources. The severity of depressive symptoms was found to overlap with these themes, to influence the perceived appropriateness of different helpers. This research contributes to understanding the reasons young people prefer informal sources of help. That is, they are more trusted, the response is more predictable, and help is considered more relevant from informal sources, particularly friends. The importance of utilising and strengthening already established help-seeking pathways of friends and family is encouraged to improve help-seeking from professionals.</p>

I'll Get by with a Little Help from my Friends: Young People's Help-Seeking for Depression

<p>The present research involved two studies examining the impact of severity on the process of help-seeking for depression. The first study included a survey of 316 New Zealand Adolescents (14-18 years) help-seeking, their inclination to seek help from a friend, parent, medical person and mental health professional for each scenario, and barriers to seeking help from these sources. Young females were more likely to identify depressive symptoms as a problem, and reported higher help-seeking, as well as lower barriers to seeking help. Age and ethnicity impacted on the process of seeking help, and inclination to seek help from different sources, supporting a complex multi-stage process, which both individual and contextual variables impact on the different stages. Correspondence Analysis was conducted on participant barriers to seeking help, which revealed that the severity of symptoms and source of help were reflected in participants' selection of barriers. It was suggested that young people perceive formal sources of help as more appropriate for severe symptoms of depression than informal sources such as friends and family. To examine this further, twenty-two semi-structured interviews were conducted with similar aged young people in the second study. Through thematic analysis, two overarching themes were identified. The expected response from a helper, and their relationship with a helper, were found to influence seeking help from different sources. The severity of depressive symptoms was found to overlap with these themes, to influence the perceived appropriateness of different helpers. This research contributes to understanding the reasons young people prefer informal sources of help. That is, they are more trusted, the response is more predictable, and help is considered more relevant from informal sources, particularly friends. The importance of utilising and strengthening already established help-seeking pathways of friends and family is encouraged to improve help-seeking from professionals.</p>

Critical study on selection criteria of Vishaghna Mahakashaya drugs

Ayurveda is an eternal science. Its eternality is related to its preventive aspect and treatment principles described to treat illnesses. Numerous new diseases are emerging with new titles. Diseases are unlimited, so the physician should not bother to name the disease. Likewise the drugs are also unlimited. Every substance is a medicine if used rationally. So the drugs and various formulations given in ayurveda are for the practice of the medical person having poor intelligence. The field is open for the intelligent one to add and formulate new combinations. For this one should understand the basic drug selection criteria for the particular yoga or combination of drugs described. In Charaksamhita Sutrasthan fourth chapter, fifty combinations of various drugs for various are described. Each combination is named as Mahakashay and contains ten drugs. There must be drug selection criteria for each kashaya. If are able to under that principle we can formulate number of combination for the same condition. Vishaghna Mahakashya is one of them which detoxify the body and helps to get rid of toxins. It includes Haridra (Curcuma longa), Manjishtha (Rubia cordifolia), Suvahaa (Operculina turpethum), Sukshama ela (Elettaria cardamomum), Paalindee (Hemidesmus indicus)), Chandan (Santalum album), Kataka (Strychnos potatorum), Shirish (Albizzia lebbeck), Sinduvaara (Vitex negundo) and Shleshmaataka (Cordia dichotoma). An attempt is made in this article to review Vishaghna Mahakashya and find out the drug selection criteria for the same.

Knowledge and Attitudes on First aid among Advanced Level Students in Gampaha Educational Zone, Sri Lanka.

BackgroundFirst aid is the initial care given in an emergency, to protect life and to prevent worsening of the condition of the victims, until they are undertaken by a professional medical person. It is essential to know basic first aid as a responsible person in society. The current study was conducted to assess the knowledge, attitudes and practices on first aid among advanced level students in government schools in Gampaha educational zone.MethodsA descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 510 grade 12 students in five randomly selected schools. A pre-tested self-administered questionnaire consisting of 25 multiple choice questions on knowledge and 10 statements formed as a Likert scale to assess attitudes. Chi-square test was used to assess the associations and a p-value <0.05 was considered as significant.ResultsStudent’s mean first aid knowledge was 57.4%±13.5% according to the score grading and 1% (n=5) were categorized as having “inadequate knowledge”, 30.6% (n=156) had “moderate knowledge”, 61.4% (n=313) were having “good knowledge” and 7.1% (n=36) were categorized as having “excellent knowledge”. Out of the sample, only 16.9% (n=86) students were previously trained in first aid. The overall attitudes towards first aid was positive and most of the students (98.8%, n=504) believed it is essential to have first aid knowledge. Their willingness to give first aid for emergencies was generally positive. There was only a slight correlation between knowledge and attitudes (r=0.134). There was a statistically significant relationship between first aid knowledge and advanced level stream (χ2=31.7, p<0.001) where biology students were more knowledgeable than students in other streams. The students who had followed health science in their O/L had a significantly higher knowledge score when compared to others (χ2=12.4, p=0.006). However, previous training on first aid and gender had no significant relationship with their knowledge (p>0.05). ConclusionsAddition of first aid as a part of the school curriculum and improving the standards of the existing first aid training programs is recommended. Further studies should be undertaken to assess the practical skills of students, as the current study mainly focused on the assessment of the theory knowledge.

Over the counter drugs: awareness and practice among the adults of Mushahar community

Background: Over-the-counter drugs are the medicines that are sold without prescription of med­ical person. Though over-the-counter drugs are believed to be relatively safe, their inappropriate use could have serious implications. The aim of the study was to assess the awareness and practice on over-the-counter drugs among the Mushahar adults of Nawalparasi district, Nepal. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 102 respondents. Non-proba­bility purposive sampling technique was used to select the sample using semi-structured question­naire. Data was collected through face to face exit interview. Descriptive statistics and inferential statistics were used for analyzing the data. Results: Majority (91.2%) of the respondents knew that over-the-counter drugs are the unpre­scribed drugs by medical person and majority (95.1%) of the respondents used in case of fever and 83.3% of the respondents used because of easy accessibility More than half (52.9%) of the respondents had practiced over-the-counter drugs at least once within the first six months of data collection. The most preferred over-the-counter drugs were analgesics i.e 44.4%. On analyzing, there found a strong association between awareness level on demographic variables of educa­tional status and occupation with the consumption of over-the-counter drugs as p value was <0.05. Conclusions: Study revealed that people use over-the-counter drugs because of easily availability and the most commonly used drugs were analgesics. So, different awareness programmes to the community and timely monitoring and intervention from the government is needed to prevent the rampant of over the counter drugs.

National evaluation program for emergency medical center

Since 2003, the national evaluation program for emergency medical centers (EMCs) has been managed by the Central Emergency Medical center which is controlled by the Ministry of Health and Welfare. Although the evaluation system for EMC has contributed to the development of the structure of emergency centers and the expansion of emergency resources (emergency medical person and equipment), it has some limitations in terms of quality control for both EMCs and emergency medical systems. One of the purposes of the evaluation program is to assess the performance of EMC in different levels. However, both regional and local emergency centers have same role that is offering of final treatment to severe emergency patients. There is no role for local emergency rooms in the emergency care of patients. In addition, the national evaluation program does not have outcome indicators that assess the performance of the EMC in emergency care. The improvement of the national evaluation system for EMC is required for the appropriate assessment of the performance of EMCs in the future.

Iot based Healthcare System for Coma Patient

Coma is a state of unconsciousness where the patient fails to respond. These patients need utmost care and 24*7 observations. This paper presents a continuous monitoring and recording of patient data without human intervention. If there is any sudden changes occur in the normal range of body parameters such as body temp falls or rise, blood pressure (B. P.) increases or decreases causing high or low B.P. where both are not stable conditions for better health, then it has facility to automatically alert the medical person. The movement sensor detects the patient movement and also generates an alert message to the medical person. As comatose losses their sensation for urination, medical person needs to continuously monitor urine output, thus we are using ultrasonic sensor to check on urine level. Medical person can keep the track of patient using login to the system. The software IoT API we are using isThingSpeak.

Length of Working and Low Back Pain in Health Workers: A Meta-Analysis

ABSTRACT Background: Low back pain is the result of an injury, such as muscle sprains or strains due to sudden movements or poor body mechanics while lifting heavy objects. Low back pain can also be the result of certain diseases. There are various physical and psychosocial risk factors that cause LBP in nurses. This study was to examine length of working anfdlow back pain health workers. Subjects and Method: A meta-analysis and systematic review was conducted by collected published articles toward length of working and low back pain in health workers. The articled were obtained from Pubmed, Science Direct, Scopus, Google Scolar, and Springer Link databases. Keywords used to search the related articles including “risk factor, low back pain, medical person, health workers, cross Sectional”. Full text articles with cross-sectional study design were analyzed using PRISMA guidelines and Review Manager 5.4. Results: Length of working 6 hours per day increased the risk of low back pain in health workers, but it was statistically non-significant (aOR= 1.53; 95% CI= 0.71 to 3.29; p= 0.280). Conclusion: Length of working 6 hours per day increases the risk of low back pain in health workers. Keywords: length of working, low back pain, meta-analysis Correspondence: Muh. Syaiful Akbar. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret. Jl. Ir. Sutami 36A, Surakarta 57126, Central Java. Email:[email protected]. Mobile: 082325070569. DOI: https://doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.01.51

SOSIALISASI PELAKSANAAN SISTEM PENYIMPANAN BERKAS REKAM MEDIS DI KLINIK AS SALAM KOTA PADANG

Klinik merupakan pelayanan kesehatan yang menyelenggarakan dan menyediakan pelayanan medis dasar atau spesialistik, dan diselenggarakan oleh satu atau lebih tenaga kesehatan dan dipimpin oleh seorang tenaga medis. Setiap klinik wajib menyelenggarakan rekam medis. Salah satu penyelenggaran rekam medis adalah sistem penyimpanan berkas rekam medis. Sistem penyimpanan ini sangat penting untuk dilakukan karena dapat mempermudah berkas rekam medis yang akan disimpan dalam rak penyimpanan, mempercepat ditemukan kembali atau pengambilan berkas rekam medis yang disimpan dalam rak penyimpanan, mudah pengembaliannya, dan melindungi berkas rekam medis dari bahaya pencurian, bahaya kerusakan fisik, kimiawi, dan biologi. Pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini dilakukan dengan cara memberi sosialisasi kepada petugas rekam medis mengenai penyimpanan berkas rekam medis. Pengabdian ini membahas mengenai sistem penyimpanan yang dilaksanakan di klinik As salam kota padang. Hasil pengabdian ini berupa penambahan wawasan mengenai sistem penyimpanan rekam medis pasien. Kata kunci: Sistem Penyimpanan, Rekam medis, Klinik ABSTRACT Clinic is a health service that organizes and provides basic or specialist medical services, and is organized by one or more health workers and is led by a medical person. Each clinic is required to hold a medical record. One of the organization of medical records is a medical record filling system. Filling is very important because it can facilitate the medical record file to be stored in a storage rack, speed up rediscovering or retrieving medical record files stored in a storage rack, easy return, and protect medical record files from the danger of theft, physical damage, chemistry and biology. The community engagement is done by giving socialization to medical records officer regarding the filling of medical record files. This engagement discusses that filling system implemented in Clinis As salam. The results is increasing knowledge about medical record filling system.Keywords: Storage system, Medical record, Clinic