Guarding the Genome: CENP-A-Chromatin in Health and Cancer

Faithful chromosome segregation is essential for the maintenance of genomic integrity and requires functional centromeres. Centromeres are epigenetically defined by the histone H3 variant, centromere protein A (CENP-A). Here we highlight current knowledge regarding CENP-A-containing chromatin structure, specification of centromere identity, regulation of CENP-A deposition and possible contribution to cancer formation and/or progression. CENP-A overexpression is common among many cancers and predicts poor prognosis. Overexpression of CENP-A increases rates of CENP-A deposition ectopically at sites of high histone turnover, occluding CCCTC-binding factor (CTCF) binding. Ectopic CENP-A deposition leads to mitotic defects, centromere dysfunction and chromosomal instability (CIN), a hallmark of cancer. CENP-A overexpression is often accompanied by overexpression of its chaperone Holliday Junction Recognition Protein (HJURP), leading to epigenetic addiction in which increased levels of HJURP and CENP-A become necessary to support rapidly dividing p53 deficient cancer cells. Alterations in CENP-A posttranslational modifications are also linked to chromosome segregation errors and CIN. Collectively, CENP-A is pivotal to genomic stability through centromere maintenance, perturbation of which can lead to tumorigenesis.

THE ROLE OF UNIVERSITIES IN THE NATIONAL INNOVATION SYSTEM

The intensification of innovations required system approach, including at the macro level, which resulted in creation of national innovation systems (NIS). Such systems are designed to support and ensure innovation processes, including creation of favorable conditions for interaction of their different actors (various kinds of business; universities; scientific institutions; state). Each of the actors performs its own role in NIS, which contributes to the total innovation productivity. Methodology. Universities playing a specific role in NIS are an integral subject of innovative activity. Despite considerable attention to this problematics, this role is disclosed in a fragmented manner. Therefore, the research is focused on clarification of theoretical and methodological background to study of the role of universities in NIS, justification of the evolution of universities and definition of their functions in the NIS structure, specification of the key aspects of the disclosure of this role implementation. Results. This paper highlights the increasing importance of education in innovation processes and changed requirements to it, which causes respective changes in curricula, organizational models and approaches to external cooperation with science and business. In this context, the paper discloses the key aspects of interaction between universities and entrepreneurial sector, as well as evolution of universities by a number of features (dominant functions of science; universities as knowledge providers; universities as providers of high-skilled employees; universities as mobilizers of entrepreneurs). The major contradictions of the concept of entrepreneurial university are highlighted. Practical implications. The paper describes the key functions of universities in NIS, including education, R&D, development and promotion of innovations. It is suggested considering the role of universities in NIS within the framework of six key aspects: integrators of ecosystem for innovations; providers of innovations for economy; platform for cooperation; concentrators of resources needed for innovations; mechanism for knowledge transfer and source of skills; pillars of the advanced science and providers of new knowledge. In this context, the emphasis is laid on the need to develop resource and infrastructural potential of universities as well as innovation capabilities. Value/ originality. When summarzing the functions of universities, it is suggested taking into consideration the impact of university activities on the local economic development (regional, urban economy), and considering their role in interaction with international environment. A number of practical recommendations to improve the efficiency of educational and innovative activities in NIS are identified. This will be a basis for future researches.

Chemical structures of phenylethanoid glycosides from Pedicularis species, their biological and pharmacological activities

In this review, we summarized the molecular structure specification of a unique component named as phenylethanoid glycosides from the genus Pedicularis L. and their biological and pharmacological activities. Until now, 40 phenylethanoid glycosides have been isolated and identified from the genus Pedicularis L. We classified the compounds into 4 main groups based on the functional group located at the 4′ position. According to the results of in vitro and in vivo studies, the extract containing phenylethanoid glycosides possesses antioxidative, antibacterial, anti-tumor and anti-fatigue activities as well as the increase in physical ability, hepatoprotection, and other effects. The antioxidant effect is the main biological activity of phenylethanoid glycosides. Хувилангын зүйл ургамлуудын фенилэтаноид гликозидуудын химийн бүтэц, биолог, фармакологийн идэвх Хураангуй: Бид энэхүү тойм өгүүлэлдээ Хувилангын (Pedicularis L.) төрөлд хамаарах ургамлуудын өвөрмөц бүрэлдэхүүн болох фенилэтаноид гликозидийн молекулын бүтцийн онцлог, тэдгээрийн биолог, фармакологийн идэвхийн судалгааны дүнг нэгтгэн бичлээ. Өнөөг хүртэл Хувилангын зүйл ургамлуудаас 40 фенилэтаноид гликозидийг ялгаж, бүтэц байгууламжийг тогтоосон байна. Бид тэдгээр бодисын молекулын бүтцэд дүн шинжилгээ хийж 4′ байрлал дахь халагч бүлэгт үндэслэн 4 бүлэгт ангилав. Фенилэтаноид гликозид зонхилонагуулагддаг ханд нь исэлдэлтийн эсрэг, бактер, хорт хавдрын эсийн өсөлтийг дарангуйлах идэвхтэй, ядралт багасгах, булчингийн үйл ажиллагааг дэмжих, элэг, тархийг гэмтэхээс хамгаалах үйлдэл үзүүлж байгаа нь in vitro ба in vivo туршилт судалгааны дүн харуулж байна. Исэлдэлтийг дарангуйлах үйлдэл бол фенилэтаноид гликозидуудын гол биологийн идэвх юм.Түлхүүр үг: Хувиланга, фенилэтаноид гликозид, каффейны хүчил, исэлдэлт дарангуйлах идэвх.

A Design Pattern Structure Specification to Extract Statistical Report

Design patterns are ecological abstract documents which offer acceptable solutions for the continual issues. It allows developers to communicate in a well-known way with the system design. This paper reviewing set of research articles to know the current trend on design pattern’s applications. This research also introduces the structure of a new pattern that acts as data analyzer of any software given as input. This pattern acts as centralized data storage of concrete class objects. The instances are analyzed by various functionalities of analyzer in-order to derive results. It helps to solve some of the day to day problems faced by the software designer. This pattern provides services for a group of concrete members to design set of functionalities in order to support data analytics. The structure and its applicability on software are examined, using a case study

THERMOCHEMICAL CALCULATIONS USING SERVICEORIENTED ARCHITECTURE IN THE WEB SERVICE FORM

The subject of this article is the service-oriented architecture utilization in the design and implementation of a web service that is intended to perform selected thermochemical calculations for chemical reactions. Computing functions allow the chemical reaction calculations, such as molar heat capacity, enthalpy, entropy and Gibbs free energy. In the next part, there is a description of each function, the method of service calling in the client application and the structure specification of outputs and error states of the service. In addition to computing functions, the web service also has a group of three information functions that characterize the purpose of the web service and its parameters, provide in tabular form a list of all web service functions and a list of all error states of the web service. The final section describes the presentation web service application with a demonstration of the specific calculations, the possibilities of using the service, and a further solution treatment.