The Identification of Multidrug Resistant Microorganisms Including Bergyella Zoohelcum Acquired from the Skin/Prosthetic Interface of Amputees and Their Susceptibility to Medihoney™ and Garlic Extract (Allicin)

Abstract BackgroundUsers of prosthetic devices face the accumulation of potentially drug-resistant pathogenic bacteria on the skin/prosthesis interface. In this study, we took surface swabs of the skin/prosthesis interface of eleven disabled athletes to identify microorganisms present. In addition to determining their antimicrobial resistance profile, we assessed their sensitivity to Manuka honey and Garlic extract (allicin) MethodsEleven volunteers were directed to swab the skin at the skin/prosthesis interface. After initial isolation of microorganisms we employed the following general microbiological methods; Gram stain, Catalase test, Oxidase test, lactose fermenting capability, haemolytic capability, Staphaurex, mannitol fermenting capability, Streptex; API Staph, 20E, Candida, and BBL crystal identification system tests. Once identified, isolates were analysed for their sensitivity to penicillin, erythromycin. ampicillin, vancomycin, ceftazidime, ciprofloxacin, gentamicin and colistin-sulphate. Isolates were also analysed for their sensitivity to allicin (Garlic Extract (GE)) and Manuka honey (Medihoney™) (MH). ResultsEleven isolates were identified, Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus haemolyticus, Staphylococcus aureus, Micrococcus luteus, Pseudomonas oryzihabitans, Micrococcus spp., Bacillus subtilis, Group D Streptococcus, Pantoea spp., Enterobacter cloacae and Bergyella zoohelcum. All Gram-positive organisms were resistant to 1.5 units of penicillin and 10 μg of ampicillin, and two Gram-negatives Pseudomonas oryzihabitans and Bergyella zoohelcum were resistant to 10 μg ceftazidime, whilst Bergyella zoohelcum, was also resistant to 10 μg of gentamicin. In comparison, all organisms were sensitive to Manuka honey and nine sensitive to Allicin. ConclusionsThis study highlights the prevalence of uncommon drug resistant microorganisms on the skin within a vulnerable population, highlighting the potential for MH or GE intervention.

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Characterization of Antibiotic Resistance in Escherichia coli Isolated from Shrimps and Their Environment

Journal of Food Protection ◽

10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-13-510 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 77 (8) ◽

pp. 1394-1401 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

KANJANA CHANGKAEW ◽

FUANGFA UTRARACHKIJ ◽

KANOKRAT SIRIPANICHGON ◽

CHIE NAKAJIMA ◽

ORASA SUTHIENKUL ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Pathogenic Bacteria ◽

Multidrug Resistant ◽

Drug Resistant ◽

E Coli ◽

Class 1 Integrons ◽

Class 1 ◽

Resistance Rates ◽

Drug Resistant Strains ◽

Shrimp Farms

Antimicrobial resistance in bacteria associated with food and water is a global concern. To survey the risk, 312 Escherichia coli isolates from shrimp farms and markets in Thailand were examined for susceptibility to 10 antimicrobials. The results showed that 17.6% of isolates (55 of 312) were resistant to at least one of the tested drugs, and high resistance rates were observed to tetracycline (14.4%; 45 of 312), ampicillin (8.0%; 25 of 312), and trimethroprim (6.7%; 21 of 312); 29.1% (16 of 55) were multidrug resistant. PCR assay of the tet(A), tet(B), tet(C), tet(D), tet(E), and tet(G) genes detected one or more of these genes in 47 of the 55 resistant isolates. Among these genes, tet(A) (69.1%; 38 of 55) was the most common followed by tet(B) (56.4%; 31 of 55) and tet(C) (3.6%; 2 of 55). The resistant isolates were further investigated for class 1 integrons. Of the 55 resistant isolates, 16 carried class 1 integrons and 7 carried gene cassettes encoding trimethoprim resistance (dfrA12 or dfrA17) and aminoglycosides resistance (aadA2 or aadA5). Two class 1 integrons, In54 (dfrA17-aadA5) and In27 (dfrA12-orfF-aadA2), were found in four and three isolates, respectively. These results indicate a risk of drug-resistant E. coli contamination in shrimp farms and selling places. The occurrence of multidrug-resistant E. coli carrying tet genes and class 1 integrons indicates an urgent need to monitor the emergence of drug-resistant E. coli to control the dissemination of drug-resistant strains and the further spread of resistance genes to other pathogenic bacteria.

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Antibiotics Development and the Potentials of Marine-Derived Compounds to Stem the Tide of Multidrug-Resistant Pathogenic Bacteria, Fungi, and Protozoa

Marine Drugs ◽

10.3390/md18030145 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 18 (3) ◽

pp. 145 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Justus Amuche Nweze ◽

Florence N. Mbaoji ◽

Gang Huang ◽

Yanming Li ◽

Liyan Yang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pathogenic Bacteria ◽

Multidrug Resistant ◽

Ecological Niches ◽

Antibiotics Resistance ◽

Drug Resistant ◽

Antimicrobial Compounds ◽

Pathogenic Microorganisms ◽

Isolation And Identification ◽

Chemical Structures ◽

Marine Habitats

As the search for new antibiotics continues, the resistance to known antimicrobial compounds continues to increase. Many researchers around the world, in response to antibiotics resistance, have continued to search for new antimicrobial compounds in different ecological niches such as the marine environment. Marine habitats are one of the known and promising sources for bioactive compounds with antimicrobial potentials against currently drug-resistant strains of pathogenic microorganisms. For more than a decade, numerous antimicrobial compounds have been discovered from marine environments, with many more antimicrobials still being discovered every year. So far, only very few compounds are in preclinical and clinical trials. Research in marine natural products has resulted in the isolation and identification of numerous diverse and novel chemical compounds with potency against even drug-resistant pathogens. Some of these compounds, which mainly came from marine bacteria and fungi, have been classified into alkaloids, lactones, phenols, quinones, tannins, terpenes, glycosides, halogenated, polyketides, xanthones, macrocycles, peptides, and fatty acids. All these are geared towards discovering and isolating unique compounds with therapeutic potential, especially against multidrug-resistant pathogenic microorganisms. In this review, we tried to summarize published articles from 2015 to 2019 on antimicrobial compounds isolated from marine sources, including some of their chemical structures and tests performed against drug-resistant pathogens.

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Complete genome sequencing of Acinetobacter baumannii AC1633 and Acinetobacter nosocomialis AC1530 unveils a large multidrug resistant plasmid encoding the NDM-1 and OXA-58 carbapenemases

10.1101/2020.10.08.331108 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Ahmed Ghazi Alattraqchi ◽

Farahiyah Mohd. Rani ◽

Nor Iza A. Rahman ◽

Salwani Ismail ◽

David W. Cleary ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pathogenic Bacteria ◽

Tetracycline Resistance ◽

Distinct Species ◽

Tertiary Hospital ◽

Multidrug Resistant ◽

Comparative Sequence Analysis ◽

Drug Resistant ◽

Standard Laboratory ◽

Carbapenem Resistant ◽

Cryptic Plasmids

ABSTRACTCarbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter spp. are considered priority drug-resistant human pathogenic bacteria. The genomes of two carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter spp. clinical isolates obtained from the same tertiary hospital in Terengganu, Malaysia, namely A. baumannii AC1633 and A. nosocomialis AC1530, were sequenced. Both isolates were found to harbor the carbapenemase genes blaNDM-1 and blaOXA-58 in a large (ca. 170 kb) plasmid designated pAC1633-1 and pAC1530, respectively, that also encodes genes that confer resistance to aminoglycosides, sulfonamides, and macrolides. The two plasmids were almost identical except for the insertion of ISAba11 and an IS4 family element in pAC1633-1, and ISAba11 along with relBE toxin-antitoxin genes flanked by inversely orientated pdif (XerC/XerD) recombination sites in pAC1530. The blaNDM-1 gene was encoded in a Tn125 composite transposon structure flanked by ISAba125 whereas blaOXA-58 was flanked by ISAba11 and ISAba3 downstream and a partial ISAba3 element upstream within a pdif module. The presence of conjugative genes in plasmids pAC1633-1/pAC1530 and their discovery in two distinct species of Acinetobacter from the same hospital are suggestive of conjugative transfer but mating experiments failed to demonstrate transmissibility under standard laboratory conditions. Comparative sequence analysis strongly inferred that pAC1633-1/pAC1530 was derived from two separate plasmids in an IS1006-mediated recombination or transposition event. A. baumannii AC1633 also harbored three other plasmids designated pAC1633-2, pAC1633-3 and pAC1633-4. Both pAC1633-3 and pAC1633-4 are cryptic plasmids whereas pAC1633-2 is a 12,651 bp plasmid of the GR8/GR23 Rep3-superfamily group that encodes the tetA(39) tetracycline resistance determinant in a pdif module.

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Lytic Bacteriophages and Phage Cocktails Seem to be a Future Alternative Against Multi-Drug Resistant Bacterial Infections

10.20944/preprints201906.0094.v1 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Roja Rani Pallavali ◽

Vijaya Lakshmi Degati ◽

Vijaya Raghava Prasad Durbaka

Keyword(s):

Bacterial Infections ◽

Pathogenic Bacteria ◽

Multidrug Resistant ◽

The Body ◽

Resistant Bacteria ◽

Drug Resistant ◽

Lytic Effect ◽

Antibiofilm Agents ◽

Near Future ◽

Septic Wound

Lytic bacteriophages have the efficacy to act and eradicate pathogenic bacteria as an attractive tool in the near future. Bacteriophages specifically kill multidrug-resistant bacteria even which have the capacity to form biofilms. The present review mainly focused on the efficacy of bacteriophages and cocktails as therapeutic agents against predominate MDR-bacteria and their biofilms which are isolated from septic wound infections. The body of evidence includes data from studies investigating bacteriophages from sewage samples as novel antibacterial and antibiofilm agents against pathogenic bacteria. The goal of this review is to present an overview on predominant bacteria from septic wound infection, the biofilm-forming capacity of bacteria, lytic effect of bacteriophages and phage cocktails with an emphasis on the application of bacteriophages against septic wound causing bacteria.

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Antibiotic susceptibility and prevalence of foodborne pathogens in poultry meat in Romania

The Journal of Infection in Developing Countries ◽

10.3855/jidc.4958 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 9 (01) ◽

pp. 035-041 ◽

Cited By ~ 23

Author(s):

Sorin Daniel Dan ◽

Alexandra Tabaran ◽

Liora Mihaiu ◽

Marian Mihaiu

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Resistance ◽

Campylobacter Jejuni ◽

Resistance Genes ◽

Foodborne Pathogens ◽

Pathogenic Bacteria ◽

Multidrug Resistant ◽

Poultry Meat ◽

Continuous Increase ◽

E Coli ◽

Microbiological Methods

Introduction: The occurrence of pathogenic strains in poultry meat is of growing concern in Romania. Another problem found on a global level is the continuous increase of antimicrobial resistance in bacteria isolated from food. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of pathogenic bacteria in poultry carcasses obtained in Romania in 2012–2013 and to reveal the most prevalent patterns of antimicrobial resistance in the isolated strains. Methodology: A total of 144 broiler chicken carcasses were evaluated according to classical microbiological methods. The DNA was extracted from the bacterial colonies and the resistance genes were identified by PCR. Results: In 2012, 47.2% of the samples revealed at least one of the following bacteria: Campylobacter jejuni (9.72%; n = 7), Salmonella enterica serotype Enteritidis (4.17%; n = 3), Listeria monocytogenes (15.28%; n = 11), and Escherichia coli (16.67%; n = 12). In 2013, the number of positive samples of pathogenic bacteria decreased, although Campylobacter jejuni was isolated in a higher percentage (20.8% vs. 9.72%). The percentage of multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria was high (23%); the most prevalent pattern included resistance to tetracycline, sulfonamides, and quinolones/fluoroquinolones. All the resistant Salmonella and E. coli strains were tested for the presence of characteristic resistance genes (Kn, blaTEM, tetA, tetB, tetG, DfrIa, aadA1a, Sul) and revealed that these isolates represent an important reservoir in the spread of this phenomenon. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that Romania urgently needs an integrated surveillance system within the entire chain, for drug-resistant pathogens isolated from poultry meat.

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Antagonistic activity of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens subsp. amyloliquefaciens against multidrug resistant Serratia rubidaea

10.1101/818054 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Sadia Afrin ◽

Mohammad Nazrul Islam Bhuiyan

Keyword(s):

Bacillus Amyloliquefaciens ◽

Pathogenic Bacteria ◽

Multidrug Resistant ◽

Antagonistic Activity ◽

New Drugs ◽

Inhibition Mechanism ◽

Identification System ◽

Wide Range ◽

Depth Analysis ◽

Serratia Rubidaea

AbstractSerratia rubidaea a member of the Enterobacteriaceae family, is a Gram-negative opportunistic pathogen, known to survive harsh environmental conditions and responsible for hospital associated infections. Specifically, S. rubidaea can withstand desiccation and survive on hospital surfaces and equipments as well as have acquired antimicrobial resistance determinants for different commercial antibiotics. The expansion of this multidrug resistant pattern suggests that the treatment of S. rubidaea infections will become increasingly difficult in near future. Although some measures were taken to control this species, an inhibition mechanism is remaining unknown. To design effective means to control the dissemination of S. rubidaea, an in-depth analysis is required. In the present study, one possible candidate was isolated from the soil of Sundarban Mangroove Forest (Bangladesh) that has important physiological effects to inhibit this pathogenic bacterium. The bacterial isolate was initially identified as Bacillus amyloliquefaciens subsp. amyloliquefaciens using BIOLOG™ identification system and confirmed to be B. amyloliquefaciens strain through 16S rDNA sequence analysis. The growth and antagonistic activity of this potential strain was shown to be stable under wide range of pH, temperature and salinity (NaCl). Moreover, the novel B. amyloliquefaciens isolate can also inhibit Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and other pathogenic bacteria. These results suggest that B. amyloliquefaciens might have potential antimicrobial properties and further research is required for future use of this bacterium as biological controls of S. rubidaea or development as new drugs for pathogenic bacteria.

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Alternative strategies for fighting multidrug resistant bacterial infections

Biointerface Research in Applied Chemistry ◽

10.33263/briac91.834841 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 3834-3841 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Keyword(s):

Infectious Diseases ◽

Antibiotic Therapy ◽

Bacterial Infections ◽

Pathogenic Bacteria ◽

Multidrug Resistant ◽

Diagnostic Techniques ◽

Alternative Methods ◽

Alternative Strategies ◽

Prosthetic Devices ◽

Rational Use Of Antibiotics

The unprecedented successes in antibiotic therapy led the scientists to consider that the war against infectious diseases has finished, but the emergence of resistant pathogenic bacteria has stopped this enthusiasm. Nowadays, the effectiveness of antibiotic therapy is continuously decreasing, due to the emergence and spread of antibiotic resistance among many important clinical pathogens, raising an acute need to find new, more effective antibiotics or other promising alternatives, to effectively treat the frequently occurring life-threatening infections. However, we are confronting an “innovation gap” in the development of novel antibiotics. The absence of measures and solutions to prevent the emergence of resistance and to combat pathogens will be felt both in the case of infectious diseases, whose treatments are based on antibiotics and in current routine medical practices, such as invasive diagnostic techniques, transplants, implantation of prosthetic devices. These side effects are difficult to quantify but threaten to cancel important progress in medical practice. Because of this, there is a great need for implementing national/worldwide policies for the rational use of antibiotics and also, to reinvigorate anti-infective strategies that involve the development or use of alternative methods including anti-infective compounds that act through new mechanisms of action. This minireview is presenting some of the currently proposed alternative strategies that could be used instead of antibiotics to prevent or treat bacterial infections produced by resistant strains.

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Toxicity and application of nano-silver in multi-drug resistant therapy

Letters in Applied NanoBioScience ◽

10.33263/lianbs91.824829 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 824-829

Keyword(s):

Silver Nanoparticles ◽

Pathogenic Bacteria ◽

Antibacterial Activities ◽

Multidrug Resistant ◽

Resistant Bacteria ◽

Drug Resistant ◽

Continuous Increase ◽

Nano Silver ◽

Drug Resistant Bacteria ◽

Global Issue

Nano-silver toxicity is a major challenge in the field of nanotechnology and nanoscience. Silver nanoparticles have antibacterial activity against gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. The level of nanotoxicity varies according to the size, shape, surface charge and cellular uptake. The size of nanoparticles influences their interaction and reactivity with cell membranes. Silver nanoparticles were investigated for the broad-spectrum antibacterial activities, especially against antibiotic-resistant bacteria. In the present scenario, pharmaceutical and biomedical sectors are facing the challenges of the continuous increase in multidrug-resistant human pathogenic microbes. The development of multidrug resistance has become a global issue with serious consequences in the management of infectious diseases caused by pathogenic bacteria. For the multi-drug resistant therapy, various combinations of antibiotics were used with silver nanoparticles. This review discusses the nanotoxicity and bactericidal potential of silver nanoparticles against the multi-drug resistant bacteria.

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Synergy pattern of short cationic antimicrobial peptides against multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa

10.1101/639286 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Serge Ruden ◽

Annika Rieder ◽

Thomas Schwartz ◽

Ralf Mikut ◽

Kai Hilpert

Keyword(s):

Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽

Antimicrobial Peptides ◽

Pathogenic Bacteria ◽

Synergistic Effects ◽

Polymyxin B ◽

Multidrug Resistant ◽

Multi Drug Resistance ◽

Resistant Bacteria ◽

Drug Resistant ◽

Conventional Antibiotics

AbstractWith the rise of various multi-drug resistance pathogenic bacteria, worldwide health care is under pressure to respond. Conventional antibiotics are failing and the development of novel classes or alternative strategies is a major priority. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) can not only kill multi-drug resistant bacteria, but also can be used synergistically with conventional antibiotics. We selected 30 short AMPs from different origins and measured their synergy in combination with Polymyxin B, Piperacillin, Ceftazidime, Cefepime, Meropenem, Imipenem, Tetracycline, Erythromycin, Kanamycin, Tobramycin, Amikacin, Gentamycin, and Ciprofloxacin. In total 403 unique combinations were tested against a multi-drug resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolate (PA910). As a measure of the synergistic effects, fractional inhibitory concentrations (FICs) were determined using microdilution assays with FICs ranges between 0.25 and 2. A high number of combinations between peptides and Polymyxin B, Erythromycin and Tetracycline were found to be synergistic. Novel variants of Indolicidin also showed a high frequency in synergist interaction.

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Antibacterial potential of nudibranch-associated bacteria from Saparua and Nusa Laut Islands, Indonesia

Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity ◽

10.13057/biodiv/d200704 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 20 (7) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

RHESI KRISTIANA ◽

MADA TRIANDALA SIBERO ◽

MACELLYNE YOHANNA FARISA ◽

DIAH AYUNINGRUM ◽

DIO DIRGANTARA ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pathogenic Bacteria ◽

Micrococcus Luteus ◽

International Health ◽

Multidrug Resistant ◽

Resistant Bacteria ◽

Klebsiella Pneumonia ◽

Multidrug Resistant Bacteria ◽

Associated Bacteria ◽

E Coli ◽

Antibacterial Potential

Abstract. Kristiana R, Sibero MT, Farisa MY, Ayuningrum D, Dirgantara D, Hanafi M, Radjasa OK, Sabdono A, Trianto A. 2019. Antibacterial potential of nudibranch-associated bacteria from Saparua and Nusa Laut Islands, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 20: 1811-1819. Infections caused by multidrug-resistant bacteria are the international health issue that triggers the urgency of finding new antibacterial agents. The aim of this study was to obtain the nudibranchs-associated bacteria that have bioactivity against multidrug-resistant bacteria. A total of 13 species of nudibranch were identified based on morphological characterization. Overlay methods were used for the screening of the isolates bioactivity against six pathogenic multidrug-resistant bacteria. The Minimum Inhibition Concentration (MIC) of the crude extract was evaluated against Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, Klebsiella pneumonia, Micrococcus luteus, and Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamases E. coli (ESBL) using MTT method. A total of 145 isolates were obtained which eleven of the isolates showed antibacterial activity against the pathogenic bacteria. The MIC tests showed that the best acivity was isolate SM-S-9-15 and SM-N-3-7. The methanolic extract of isolate SM-S-9-15 active to all of the pathogenic bacteria, while the ethyl acetate extract of the isolate SM-N-3-7 active to the E. coli, B. subtilis, K. pneumonia at the concentration of 500 mg/mL. According to 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequence-based identification, all active isolates belong to Virgibacillus marismortui, V. dokdonensis, Bacillus kochii, Vibrio algynoliticus, and Pseudoalteromonas piscicida.

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