Expenses incurred by hospitalised patients in Era’s Lucknow Medical College, Lucknow

Background: Significant amount is spent by the patients when they attend tertiary care hospitals for treatment inspite of free services. The objective of this study was to account expenses on the medication, consumable items for patient care and food and transport.Methods: Fifty patients were recruited, 10 patients each from pediatrics, general medicine, obstetrics and gynaecology, general surgery and orthopaedics indoor wards. First two patients admitted on the day of admission were enrolled and followed for three days. The cost of patient’s expenses on investigations, medicines and consumables, travel to the hospital and food on self and relatives during hospitalization was estimated with the help of a questionnaire.Results: The expenditure was more on the patients suffering from surgical conditions. Total expenditure on the patients admitted in the orthopedics, surgery and surgical cases of obstetrics and gynaecology wards was INR 31985/, INR 11798/- and INR 14746/- for 3 days respectively. Out of the total expenses INR 1095/-, INR 1150/- and INR 1316/- were spent on food and travel of the patients and family members to the hospital for admission in orthopedics, surgery and surgical cases of obstetrics and gynaecology wards respectively. In patients with non-surgical conditions like medicine, pediatrics and non-operative cases of obstetrics and gynaecology the total cost per patient was INR 5610/-, INR 5037/- and INR 4416/- respectively.Conclusions: Patients treated in the private teaching hospital spent significant number of rupees. The expenditure by the patients undergoing surgical treatment spent two to three times more as compared to patients admitted in the general medicine and pediatric wards.

Association of Oral Health Literacy Level and Periodontal Health Status: A Contributory Step Towards Prevention of Periodontal Diseases

OBJECTIVE: To Evaluate the level of oral health literacy (OHL) among new patients seeking care at the private teaching dental hospital. METHODOLOGY: A cross-sectional study conducted at Department of Oral Diagnosis & Periodontology at Private Teaching Dental Hospital. Adults (>18years) was recruited in the study using non-probability convenient sampling technique. Participants verbally consented to participate, then interview based validated questionnaire was administered. Data collected from April 2019 to August 2019. The study was approved by Scientific Review Committee of Private Teaching Dental Hospital. OHL was measured by REALD-20. Clinical assessment was performed using periodontal index. Two investigators and 2 house surgeons were trained for increasing inter-examiner reliability. Demographic variables were examined as exploratory covariates. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 21.Fisher’s exact test used to determine bivariate association and Multivariate regression analysis showed the relationship. RESULTS: The total sample size was n=236 out of which 100 (42.6%) were male and 136 (57.6%) were female. Mean age of the sample was 36 years (±13.6) and majority 150(64%) had 12 years of education completed. Smokers were 50 (21%) were smokers. Respondents 173(73.3%) brush at least once in a day and 93% used toothpaste as dentifrice. Respondents belong to low-OHL had moderate 84 (36%) and severe periodontal 72 (31%) diseases. The mean Periodontal Index Score: 2± 0.54. OHL was significantly associated with periodontal disease (p 0.01). Smokers showing significant association (p 0.04) with periodontal disease. Multivariate regression analysis revealed that for one- point decrease in OHL score, the occurrence of periodontal disease reduced by 25% (Adjusted OR=0.75). CONCLUSION:This has been concluded that oral health literacy associated with periodontal health status. Understanding of periodontal health knowledge and its implication is vital for prevention of periodontal diseases. Future intervention researches are required to develop etiological relationship between oral health literacy and periodontal health status. KEYWORDS: Periodontal disease, dental oral health, smokes adults

Modelling a Christian Academy: Christ, Disciples, and Biblical Scholarship in Origen’s Commentary on Matthew

This paper addresses evidence in Origen’s Commentary on the Gospel of Matthew of the Alexandrian’s self-understanding of his scholastic practices. Drawing on Origen’s interpretation of the parables in the Gospel, I argue that Origen exploits the motif of Jesus explaining the parables to his disciples as a model for his own school enterprise in Caesarea. In light of this observation, I will begin by examining the echoes of the classroom environment found in Origen’s Matthew Commentary building on the work of Guido Bendinelli and Lorenzo Perrone. Paying particular attention to stylistic features, such as the use of the first-person plural, I will map the classroom dynamic in the making of the commentary. Then, I will focus on Origen’s hermeneutical approach to Jesus’ parables, especially the distinction he draws between Jesus engagement with the “crowds” and his private teaching to the disciples. Underpinning the Matthew Commentary was Origen’s attempt to model his school against the conceptual backdrop of the Jesus-disciple dynamic and the Greco-Roman philosophical school tradition.

Students’ Satisfaction with E-learning during COVID-19 at a Private Medical College.

Objective: To evaluate students’ satisfaction of E-learning at a private teaching medical college during COVID-19 lockdown. Study Design: Cross Sectional Descriptive study. Setting: Shalamar Medical and Dental College. Period: April 2020 to July 2020. Material & Methods: A standardized and validated questionnaire (SEEQ) was disseminated among MBBS students of SMDC. The questionnaire contained open ended and closed ended questions; the latter were based on likert scale. Results: A total of 365 students responded to the questionnaire with 57% and 43% of the respondents being females and males respectively. Overall, the 3rd, 4th and 5th year MBBS students seemed more satisfied with online lectures (52-54%) compared with 1st and 2nd year MBBS students (26%). The students showed dissatisfaction on assignments and assessments being taken on Moodle. The connectivity problem was seen as a major concern for the students. However the students appreciated that the sessions were recorded regularly and available on YouTube channels. Conclusion: The findings of our study showed that 1st and 2nd year students were not mentally prepared for the sudden paradigm shift from traditional to online teaching. However the students realized that gradual shift was not possible in the current scenario and were generally satisfied with E-learning. It is advisable to adopt a blended approach initially before converting the entire learning experience on online media

Stylistic pluralism and the experiences of classically trained teachers of singing in the Republic of Ireland

Throughout much of the 20th century, the Western classical vocal aesthetic dominated tertiary singing training in the Republic of Ireland. At the turn of the 21st century, and reflecting similar movements internationally, Irish institutions, examining boards and private teaching studios diversified to include musical theatre and popular styles of singing in degree programmes and syllabi. The purpose of this study was to further understand voice teacher perceptions of these shifts in pedagogical culture. This research questioned how classically trained teachers of singing negotiate teaching across styles in popular music genres, and also questioned if implicit, embodied cultural ideas about classical singing defined their educative approaches to popular music vocals. Data were collected through in-depth qualitative interviews with classically trained teachers of singing in the Republic of Ireland. Analysis of interview data revealed a number of themes which are discussed within a theoretical framework drawn from the work of Bourdieu, revealing that the participant teachers are involved in processes of negotiation and re-negotiation of personal and institutional habitus.

The Methodology Of Teaching Physics Electromagnetism Lectures

In this article, we are talking about private teaching methods characteristic of teaching electrical engineering disciplines, electromagnetism and their application, in subordination to the goal of developmental education. Here are presented particular questions of the methodology for teaching sections of the course of general electrical engineering, features of the practical implementation of the technology of organizing and conducting laboratory-practical classes in electrical disciplines are considered. The importance of the systematic and purposeful activity of the teacher in conducting educational and methodological work, stimulating and motivating students to master subject knowledge is shown, attention is paid to the problem of forming the professional thinking of students in the learning process. independent work in the process of studying electrical engineering disciplines. The article is intended for teachers working in the field of physics, as well as for students of the specialty "physics".

The forgotten old in modern pedagogical practice

Based on the analysis of the current state of pedagogical science and practice, a number of topical issues are identified that require further study and expansion of practical implementation of ethnopedagogical achievements in the educational activities of higher education. Modern pedagogy increasingly forgets about the previous historical experience of teaching and upbringing. “Innovative” technologies are declared, which actually turn out to be ancient humanitarian tech-nologies. This includes private teaching, in the form of working in pairs. Upon careful analysis, it turns out that this form of education took place in ancient times in folk pedagogy. Paired learning was used in the middle school of the 20th century and has not lost its popularity nowadays. We conclude that the content of the educational process of higher education can be modernized by including innovations based on traditional ethnopedagogical technologies. Among them, special attention is paid to individual and group teaching, which has received new forms and areas of application in modern pedagogical methodology. We share the experience of using learning in pairs in the process of teaching foreign languages to students of the University under the Interparliamentary Assembly of EurAsEC. This technology allows graduates to improve their level of training and acquire skills of effective intercultural communication.