Effect of Incremental Shrinking Process on Mechanical Properties and Microstructure of Alloy through Electron Backscatter Diffraction Analysis

In recent years, the incremental shrinking process has been widely used in the forming process of aluminum alloy components for the railway vehicles. The effect of the incremental shrinking process on the performance and microstructure of 6082-T6 aluminum alloy was investigated through mechanical tests and electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) analysis. The tensile test specimens prepared in different rolling orientations (0˚,45˚and 90˚) along the original and deformed sheets exhibited the mechanical anisotropy. After the incremental shrinking process, the average microhardness, tensile strength, and yield strength of this alloy were respectively increased by nearly 8.78%,2.26%,2.72%, while the Elongation was decreased by almost 31.67%. By analyzing the EBSD data, the strength of the material is increased by the incremental shrinking process and its mechanical anisotropy is improved, whereas its plasticity is greatly deteriorated.

A Truncated Matrix Completion Algorithm Using Prior Information for Wind Turbine Clutter Suppression

The conventional matrix completion (MC) regularizes each singular value equally, and thus the rank cannot be well approximated, which greatly limits the flexibility and accuracy of MC usage. In this paper, a truncated MC algorithm using prior information to determine the threshold while generating the target rank is proposed for the wind turbine clutter suppression of weather radar. During the singular value shrinking process, an appropriate threshold is selected to obtain the optimal approximation of the sampling matrix. Specifically, the mean value of the diagonal element in the recovered weather matrix is calculated to improve the robustness of the recovery result effectively. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm reduces the computational complexity as well as further improves the MC accuracy and realizes the effective suppression of the wind turbine clutter.

Recovered Energy from Salinity Gradients Utilizing Various Poly(Acrylic Acid)-Based Hydrogels

Hydrogels can be utilized to extract energy from salinity gradients when river water mixes with seawater. Saline-sensitive hydrogels exhibit a reversible swelling/shrinking process when they are, alternately, exposed to fresh and saline water. We present a comparison of several poly(acrylic acid)-based hydrogels, including poly(acrylic acid) (PAA), poly(acrylic acid-co-vinylsulfonic acid) (PAA/PVSA), and poly(4-styrenessulfonic acid-co-maleic acid) interpenetrated in a poly(acrylic acid) network (PAA/PSSA-MA). The hydrogels were synthesized by free radical polymerization, copolymerization, and by semi-IPN (interpenetrating polymer network). The hydrogels were placed in a piston-like system to measure the recovered energy. Semi-IPN hydrogels exhibit a much higher recovered energy compared to the copolymer and PAA hydrogel. The recovered energy of 60 g swollen gel was up to 4 J for the PAA/PSSA-MA hydrogel. The obtained energy per gram dried gel was up to 13.3 J/g. The swelling volume of the hydrogels was maintained for 30 cycles without decline in recovered energy.

PENGUKURAN WAKTU BAKU DAN ANALISIS BEBAN KERJA PADA PROSES FILLING DAN PACKING PRODUK LULUR MANDI DI PT. GLORIA ORIGITA COSMETICS

PT. Gloria Origita Cosmetics adalah perusahaan yang bergerak dalam industri kecantikan dan perawatan tubuh (skin care). Salah satu produk yang diproduksi PT Gloria Origita Cosmetics adalah Lulur Mandi Purbasari kemasan 235 gr. Dalam proses produksinya tidak ada standar waktu yang diterapkan dalam proses produksinya sehingga pihak perusahaan belum dapat menentukan secara pasti berapa kebutuhan jumlah tenaga kerja seharusnya sesuai dengan beban kerja dari masing-masing stasiun kerja. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menetapkan waktu baku dan beban kerja pada produksi Lulur Mandi Purbasari kemasan 235 gr tersebut. Proses pengamatan dilakukan dibagian filling dan packing lulur mandi Purbasari dan pengambilan data waktu kerja dilakukan dengan menggunakan jam henti (Stopwatch) serta metode penyesuaian yang digunakan adalah westinghouse. Metode penelitian yang dilakukan adalah dengan menganalisis pekerjaan yang dilakukan oleh operator yang ada di ruang filling dan packing, menghitung waktu kerja operator, memperkirakan jumlah permintaan yang akan diterima, menentukan beban kerja dari masing-masing stasiun kerja, dan menentukan jumlah tenaga kerja yang sesuai dengan beban kerja. Hasil perhitungan diperoleh bahwa berdasarkan perhitungan waktu baku maka diperoleh beban kerja yang kurang dari 100% adalah pada proses menutup pot, memasang shrink label, dan memasang capseal, sehingga pada proses tersebut dilakukan pengurang masing-masing satu operator, sedangkan pada proses inspeksi hasil perekatan label (shrinking process) terdapat beban kerja yang berlebih yaitu 114% maka diperlukan penambahan overtime pada proses inspeksi ini.

Rural Migration and Shrinkage Transformation Processes in Mexican Countryside

The purpose of this chapter is to analyze the empirical-theoretical approaches to shrinking cities in Mexico. The analysis intents to answer the challenges posed by economic and demographic tendencies according to economic changes, using the theories and models and no to fall down victim of simplistic projections and conjectures and theories based more in speculations rather than on facts. The method used here is critical analysis of economic, social, and political tendencies in relation to the situation of shrinking cities in México. The results of this analysis lead to the finding that the shrinkage process in México, as a developing economy does not follow the same patterns of well developed countries, where increase in shrinking cities occurs since the middle of the 1950s and the use of incentives in some localities to attract economic growth have had modest success in terms of turning around the shrinking process.

Ekranisasi Novel Max HavelaarKaryaMultatulli dan Film Max Havelaar Karya Fons Rademakers

The phenomenon of dissatisfaction of novel readers and film viewers is no longer a strange thing. This is due to the emergence of studies on ecranisation. This research is a study of ecranisation contained in a novel and film titled Max Havelaar. The focus of the research is divided into three notions, including (1) the process of sampling, (2) the process of adding (3) the process of change varies, more specifically in the characters, plot, and setting. The benefits of this research are for the development of literary studies, more specifically in comparative literary studies. This study uses a qualitative method. There are two research data sources namely (1) Max Havelaar's novel by Multatulli presented by HB Jassin and published by PT Djambat in 2004, and (2) Max Havelaar's film directed by FonsRademakers in 1976. Research data collection techniques. Divided into four steps, including (1) reading, marking and interpreting or making description techniques; (2) Technique of watching and recording every round; (3) techniques for recording data from sources, (4) Data classification techniques using research instruments. The results of this novel and film ekranisasi research found that (1) the shrinking process was dominated by intrinsic figures in additional figures, namely the protagonist named Lucas, Saffelar, Ludwig Stern, Greek Girl, Louise, BesthyRosemeijer, Gaafzuiger, Noni, Saijah's younger siblings . (2) the process of shrinking the channel is dominated by the initial stage, namely the introduction of the figure of BatavusDroggstopel as a coffee broker in the Netherlands.

Validation and Investigation on the Mechanical Behavior of Concrete Using a Novel 3D Mesoscale Method

The mechanical performance of concrete is strongly influenced by the geometry and properties of its components (namely aggregate, mortar, and Interfacial Transitional Zone (ITZ)) from the mesoscale viewpoint, and analyzing the material at that level should be a powerful tool for understanding macroscopic behavior. In this paper, a simple and highly efficient method is proposed for constructing realistic mesostructures of concrete. A shrinking process based on 3D Voronoi tessellation was employed to generate aggregates with random polyhedron and grading size, and reversely, an extending procedure was applied for ITZ generation. 3D mesoscale numerical simulation was conducted under a quasi-static load using an implicit solver which demonstrated the good robustness and feasibility of the presented model. The simulated results resembled favorably the corresponding experiments both in stress–strain curves and failure modes. Damage evolution analysis showed that the ITZ phase has profound influence on the damage behavior of concrete as damage initially develops from here and propagates to mortar. In addition, it was found that tensile damage is the principal factor of mortar failure while compressive damage is the principal factor of ITZ failure under compression.

Problem of Maximum Matching in Non-Bipartite Graph Using Edmonds’ Cardinality Matching Algorithm and Its Applicationin the Battle of Britain Case

<p>Matching is a part of graph theory that discusses pair. A matching <em>M</em> is called to be maximum if <em>M</em> has the highest number of elements. A blossom which is encountered in non-bipartite graph can cause failure in process of finding the maximum matching in non-bipartite graph. One of the algorithms that can be used to find a maximum matching in non-bipartite graph is Edmonds’ Cardinality Matching Algorithm. Shrinking process is done in each blossom <em>Bi</em> that is encountered to become pseudovertex <em>bi</em>, in a way that each blossom does not interfere the process of finding a maximum matching in non-bipartite graph. In order to accelerate the finding, simple greedy method is used to perform initialization of matching and BFS algorithm is also used in constructing an alternating tree in a non-bipartite graph.The research discussed the finding of maximum matching in non-bipartite graph using Edmonds’ cardinality matching algorithm. In addition, this research gave a sample of its application in the resolution of The Battle of Britain case. The result obtained is a maximum matching in non-bipartite graph. The maximum matching obtained is a solution to the case of The Battle of Britain.</p>

Earth and Rock-Filled Dam Monitoring by High-Resolution X-Band Interferometry: Gongming Dam Case Study

Middle-sized earth- and rock-filled dams with clay cores continue to settle by approximately 0.5–1.5% of their height for approximately 1–3 years after their construction phase. This paper investigates the use of high-resolution spaceborne Synthetic aperture Radar (SAR) interferometry to monitor this settlement process, with the case of the Gongming dam in China. The varieties of slope foreshortening and stretching in the radar coordinates are attributed to the radar’s local incidence angle and the dam’s slope heading, which are analysed in detail. Focusing on the embankment slope settlement analysis, the equations for calculating foreshortening and the line-of-sight deformation decomposition are derived in detail for the adjustment and data fusing. The scattering characteristics of different materials on the dam surface are analysed, including the grass slope, concrete slope, top road (crest), top wall, step, and ditch. According to the analysis of the precipitation data from a local meteorological station, the coherence losses on the slopes are mainly caused by surface moisture. Both the TerraSAR-X Spotlight (TSX-SL) data and the COSMO-SkyMed Strip Mode (CSK-SM) data are analysed by the stacking method to assess the slopes’ deformations. The TSX-SL data results show the highest rate of settlement as 2 cm/yr on the top of the dam slope, consistent with the clay core shrinking process. The CSK-SM data show a similar trend in the lower part of the dam slope but underestimate the deformation in the upper part of the slope.