Rainfall-runoff simulation of Bagmati River Basin, Nepal

Runoff simulation is a complex problem in mountain catchments due to high rainfall variability and rugged topography. In the lower parts of Nepal, river flooding is a serious disaster problem in July and August; sometimes it also occurs in September. In this context, Hydro-Informatic Modeling System (HIMS) was used for daily and monthly runoff simulation from the set of daily hydro-meteorological data (Maximum and minimum temperature, rainfall, and discharge) in the time series 1980 to 1989, 1990 to 1999, and 2000 to 2009, respectively. The model performed well for the monthly runoff simulation, whereas the efficiency coefficient and relative coefficient both were found a very good correlation between observed and simulated hydrographs, which varied between 0.883 to 0.940 and 0.889 to 0.945, respectively. However, the efficiency coefficient and relative coefficient both were found a very poor correlation between observed and simulated hydrographs for the daily runoff simulation, which averaged 0.342 and 0.348, respectively. The daily simulation result also might have been improved, if more number of uniformly distributed meteorological station data is available.

REMOVAL OF NICKEL, COPPER, AND ZINC IONS FROM AQUEOUS SOLUTION USING COFFEE BEAN HUSK (CFH)

Agricultural waste has been received much attention for its potential of being efficient and low-cost adsorbents to remove heavy metals from water. This paper presents a batch investigation of the potential of an adsorbent produced from coffee bean husk for removing copper, nickel and zinc ions from aqueous solution. At the initial pH of 5.0, a dose of 10 g/L, initial concentration of 50 mg/L, shaking speed of 100 rpm, particle size of 0.6-1 mm and at 25oC, the removal of nickel, copper, and zinc ions reached 95% and the highest adsorption capacity of coffee bean husk approached 23, 32, 22 mg/g, respectively. The adsorption isotherm of these ions preferred to the Freundlich isotherm with the relative coefficient R2 equal and or greater than 0.98. Thus, an initial conclusion drawn from the study was that coffee bean husk could potentially be as an effective and economical adsorbent for removing nickel, copper, and zinc ions from the aqueous solution.

Optimizing the Localization of Distributed PV Products in the Distribution Network with regard to Uncertainty of Sun Radiation

Since the widespread and complexity of traditional networks, this paper is attempted to reduce the uncertainty in sun radiation by appropriate and optimal location of distributed PV products, and the efficiency of electrical energy is increased. So, this work in term of type of method is an applied one in which fundamental research results are used to improve and perfect the patterns and methods. The data collection tool in this paper is done in a library method. Therefore, the information from books, dissertations, articles, previous practical databases and IEEE's library distribution network model has been extracted to complete the evaluation of the theoretical framework of the study. Also, optimization was performed with the aid of MATLAB software to increase the efficiency of solar cell production power in the output. By doing so, the best place for solar panels is achieved due to the uncertainty of sun radiation and finally, the power output using panels can be analyzed. In addition, it was found that the current and as a result, the power generated by a PV unit is depended on radiation and its intensity. After that, through comparing different points in power generation, a relative coefficient is obtained for placement of PV unit.

ЩОДО МЕЖІ ДОЦІЛЬНОСТІ ВИКОРИСТАННЯ ПОНЯТТЯ «ТРИГЕРНІ ВЗАЄМОДІЇ » У БІОЛОГІЇ ТА МЕДИЦИНІ. ПЕРШЕ ПОВІДОМЛЕННЯ - ПОСТАНОВКА ПРОБЛЕМИ

The possi bilities of using trigger formats to manage correction of pathological conditions were consi dered. The adaptation model of stress was analyzed. It is shown the possi bility of using the scatter of results to assess congruence compensatory reactions. As suggested hypothesis thesis that in this case trigger cascades do not work because there are not enough conditions in the body to fulfill certain trigger reactions. It is proven by the low efficacy coefficient. The relative coefficient is optimal for obtaining qualitative conclusion on the validity of pat hogenetic mechanisms. It might be useful to follow the recommendations regarding coefficient value and the degree of fluctuation researched criteria: 10 % - weak fluctuations; 10-25 % - moderate fluctuations; more than 25 % - high waves. It is shown the possi bility of using “golden proportion” to quantify the level of metabolic condition or viability, which was detected in the culture of MNCs as a ratio to the spontaneous and induced apoptosis in the control of equal value of ’’golden proportion” -0.614. It began to decline in rabbits in two weeks of stressing - 0.739 and 0.909 - in 4 weeks of stressing.

Generation and Circuit Implementation of Multi-Scroll Chaotic Attractors with Controllable Direction

An approach for generating multi-scroll chaotic attractors with controllable direction in one plane is proposed. Firstly, an appropriate nonlinear function is selected to control the number and direction of multi-scroll chaotic attractors in the three-order Jerk system. Then, we add new control function to Jerk system and observe Lyapunov exponent spectrum of relative coefficient and the change of equilibrium points. Different multi-scroll chaotic attractors with controllable direction are generated by adjusting the coefficient of the control function in a plane. The implementation of circuit verifies the feasibility of this method.

Catalytic Spectrophotometric Determination of Trace H2O2 Using Fe3O4 Nanoparticles as Peroxidase Mimetics

In the media of pH 2.72 HCl-NaAc, Fe3O4 nanoparticles in size of 10 nm exhibited strong catalytic effect on the slow reaction of H2O2 and the substrate dopamine (DA) to form dark red small molecule polymer particles, which exhibited two absorption peaks at 305nm and 435nm. In the optimum conditions, as the concentration of H2O2 increased, the absorption value at 300 nm increased linearly. The increased absorption intensity (ΔA305nm) was linear to the H2O2 in the range of 0.5-35 μmol/L, with a linear regression equation of ΔA305nm=0.014C +0.043, a relative coefficient of 0.9997 and detection limit of 0.13 μmol/L H2O2, respectively. The proposed method was applied to detect H2O2 samples, with satisfactory results.

Mechanical-Condition Assessment of Power Transformer Using Vibroacoustic Analysis

This paper presents a method for vibroacoustic analysis of a transformer in the steady state. The standard approach to this problem has been based on analysis of the vibration frequency spectrum recorded with an accelerometer mounted on the transformer’s tank. To improve legibility of measurement results, the paper suggests the analysis method for the relative coefficient of harmonic frequency contents hnorm(f). The conducted experiment showed that high values of hnorm within a wide frequency range testify to deformation of windings and degradation of solid insulation.

Effects of fertilization and irrigation on the elements of yield of the wine grape variety Vranac

This work presents the three-year results of the effects of mineral and different types of organic fertilizers on the elements of the yield (the relative coefficient of fertility, the absolute coefficient of fertility, cluster weight and the yield of grapes per area unit) of the Vranac variety of grape. The research was carried out in Podgorica vineyard, at the location Ljeskopolje. Eight different variants of nutrition were applied: (1) control (without fertilization); (2) NPK (8:16:24) - 500 kg/ha; (3) cow manure - 20 t/ha; (4) poultry manure - 10 t/ha; (5) peat - 10 t/ha; (6) cow manure + poultry manure - 10 + 5 t/ha; (7) cow manure + peat - 10 + 5 t/ha; (8) poultry manure + peat - 5 + 5 t/ha. All the variants of nutrition were tested under irrigated and non-irrigated conditions. The results showed that the relative coefficient of fertility in all the tested variants of nutrition had high values. Regarding the number of inflorescences per productive shoot in a three-year average, a particularly good variant was the cow manure and the variant with the combination of poultry manure and peat. The application of mineral and different types of organic fertilizers had a positive effect on the average cluster weight. The variant with the combination of poultry manure and peat gave the highest average cluster weight in the three-year average. All the tested variants of nutrition in the three-year average had a higher yield than the variant without fertilization. The variant with cow manure had the highest yield of grapes. Irrigation had a positive effect on all the tested indicators of the yield.