Occurrences and AntibiogramPattern of Listeria monocytogenes in Vegetables Sold withinSokotoMetropolis, Nigeria

Listeriosisranks third in mortality among food-borne bacterial pathogens. The evaluation of antibiogram of Listeria monocytogenes in 5 different areas within Sokoto metropolis was performed in the study. A total of 50 (fifty) samples from cabbage, spring onion, tomatoes, lettuce, and salad samples were obtained from different locations within the metropolis. The isolation was performed using Listeria selective media base incorporated with Listeria selective Supplement. Identification and confirmation of Listeria and other bacteria were performed using biochemical characterization. Antibacterial sensitivity test was performed using 8 (eight) different antibiotics namely Norfloxacin, Ceftazaime, Cefuroxine, Erythromycin, Ofloxacin, Augmentin, Cloxillicin and Gentamycin. Result of the studies demonstrated that Listeria monocytogeneswas present in all the vegetables sold within the selected areas of Sokoto metropolis. Listeria monocytogenes was resistant to 6 of the 8 antibiotics used, these are Norflaxcin, Augmentin, Cefuroxine, Ceftazaime, Gentamycin and Cloxicillin. In conclusion, Listeria monocytogenes is present in vegetable sold within the selected areas of study. Listeria monocytogenes were resistant to multiple antibiotics commonly administered during listeriosis management. The implication of multi-drug resistance is that Listeriosis will be problematic to treat. The implications of these findings are herein discussed.

Download Full-text

Prevalensi Kuman Multi Drug Resistance (MDR) di Laboratorium Mikrobiologi RSUP Dr. M. Djamil Padang Periode Januari 2010 - Desember 2012

Jurnal Kesehatan Andalas ◽

10.25077/jka.v3i3.169 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 3 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Novilla Rezka Sjahjadi ◽

Roslaili Rasyid ◽

Erlina Rustam ◽

Lily Restusari

Keyword(s):

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Drug Resistance ◽

Retrospective Study ◽

Sensitivity Test ◽

Multi Drug Resistance ◽

Pseudomonas Sp ◽

Sudden Decrease ◽

The Right

AbstrakKuman Multi Drug Resistance (MDR) menyebabkan semakin sulit dalam memilih antibiotika untuk pasien yang mengalami infeksi. Akibat sulitnya pemilihan antibiotika, bisa terjadi perpanjangan masa rawat di Rumah Sakit dan menyebabkan kemunduran dalam dunia medis, sosial dan ekonomi secara tidak terduga. Telah dilakukan penelitian deskriptif-retrospektif dengan mengambil data kuman penyebab infeksi yang mengalami Multi Drug Resistance (MDR) di RSUP Dr. M. Djamil Padang periode Januari 2010 - Desember 2012 untuk mengetahui kuman Multi Drug Resistance (MDR) dan prevalensi kuman Multi Drug Resistance (MDR) di RSUP Dr. M. Djamil Padang periode Januari 2010 - Desember 2012.Hasil Penelitian menunjukkan dari 6.387 jumlah spesimen yang diambil dan dilakukan uji sensitifitas, ditemukan 3.689 kuman yang telah mengalami Multi Drug Resistance (MDR) diantaranya kuman Klebsiella sp, Staphylococcus aureus, Enterobacter sp, E.coli sp, Pseudomonas sp, dan Proteus sp. Dari 3.689 kuman yang mengalami Multi Drug Resistance (MDR) di RSUP Dr. M. Djamil Padang, peningkatan resistensi paling tinggi ditemukan pada tahun 2010 dan meningkat kembali ditahun 2012. Hasil ini menunjukkan bahwa, kasus Multi Drug Resistance (MDR) sudah ditemukan pada hasil kuman yang dikultur di Laboratorium Mikrobiologi RSUP Dr. M. Djamil Padang dan kasus tertinggi ditemukan ditahun 2010 (62%), kemudian menurun ditahun 2011 (55%) dan kembali meningkat ditahun 2012 (58%).Kata kunci: kuman multi drug resistance, prevalensi, kumanAbstractMulti Drug Resistance (MDR) bacteria, makes harder to choose the right antibiotics to use for the treatment and can cause the longer of hospitality days and the sudden decrease of medic, social and economics. It had been conducted a descriptive-retrospective study by taking the data of bacteria that cause infections experienced Multi Drug Resistance (MDR) in RSUP Dr. M.Djamil Padang from January 2010 - December 2012 to find out the Multi Drug Resistance (MDR) bacteria in RSUP Dr. M. Djamil Padang from January 2010 - December 2012. The result from the research from 6.387 study that shows the number of specimens taken and get sensitivity test, found 3.689 bacterias that have experienced the Multi Drug Resistance (MDR) including Klebsiella sp, Staphylococcus aureus, Enterobacter sp, E.coli sp, Pseudomonas sp, dan Proteus sp. The highest resistance from 3.689 Multi Drug Resistance (MDR) bacteria was in 2010 and increased again in 2012.These result indicate that, Multi Drug Resistance (MDR) case has been found in bacteria from specimen in Laboratory of Microbiology RSUP Dr. M. Djamil Padang and the highest was discovered in 2010 (62%), than decreased in 2011 (55%) and increased again in 2012 (58%).Keywords:Multi Drug Resistance bacteria, prevalention, bacteria

Download Full-text

ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY FOR MULTI DRUG RESISTANCE (MDR) BACTERIA BYSEA CUCUMBER Stichopus vastus EXTRACT FROM KARIMUNJAWA ISLANDS – INDONESIA

Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kelautan Tropis ◽

10.29244/jitkt.v9i2.19302 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 695-707 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Delianis Pringgenies ◽

Ali Ridlo ◽

Nerva Sembiring

Keyword(s):

Drug Resistance ◽

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Sea Cucumber ◽

Inhibition Zone ◽

Extraction Process ◽

Sensitivity Test ◽

Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Multi Drug Resistance ◽

Bacterial Sensitivity

The study aims to explore the antibacterial activity of Stichopus vastus against pathogenic MDR bacteria. Analysis of samples of sea cucumbers included extraction, fractionation, and analysis of bacterial sensitivity test Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS), the extraction process is carried out by solid-liquid extraction method. Fractionation was done with Open-Column Chromatography (OCC). Sensitivity test of bacteria was done using an agar diffusion method according to the Kirby-Bauer (Ref). The study revealed that from 5 species MDR bacteria, which are Coagulant negative stapylococi (CNS), E. coli, Enterobacter 5, Klebsiella sp. dan Pseudomonas sp. There are two MDR bacteria had the most sensitive responses by the extract of sea cucumber, which were Enterobacter-5 and Klebsiella sp. The two bacteria were tested against five bioactive fractions obtained from OCC. Fraction criteria-2 had the highest antibacterial activity against Enterobacter-5 and Klebsiella sp, with serial concentration of 20 µg ∙ disc–1, 40 µg. disc–1 and 80 µg. disc–1. Largest inhibition zone were obtained from 80 µg. disc–1 againts the two bacteria were (14.73 ± 0.48) mm and (11.22 ± 0.85) mm respectively. GC-MS Analysis revealed that fraction criteria-2 had (or consisted of) cyclohexhane, ethanol, butanoic and pentanoic acids. Keywords: antibacterial activity, multi drug resistance (MDR), sea cucumber, Stichopus vastus

Download Full-text

The Study of Multiplex PCR Conditions for Detection of Three Food-Borne Bacterial Pathogens

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.236-238.2803 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 236-238 ◽

pp. 2803-2809

Author(s):

Ai Li ◽

Guo Xing Yang ◽

Wei Zhang

Keyword(s):

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Listeria Monocytogenes ◽

Multiplex Pcr ◽

Bacterial Pathogens ◽

Simultaneous Detection ◽

Pcr Amplification ◽

Orthogonal Experimental Design ◽

Food Borne ◽

Amplification System ◽

Four Levels

To establish a rapid, sensitive and specific multiplex PCR method for the simultaneous detection ofStaphylococcus aureus,Salmonellaspp, andlisteria monocytogenes. Three pairs of primers have been designed according to theStaphylococcus aureusnucgene,Salmonellaspp IpaBgene,listeria monocytogenes inlAgene. Orthogonal experimental design was used to determine Multiplex PCR amplification system for Food-borne Bacterial Pathogens of four factors (Taq DNA polymerase, Mg2+, dNTP and primers) from four levels; three DNA fragments of 210bp,280bp and 476bp were amplified. The specificity and the sensitivity of this method was valued. Template was prepared using FTA filter; the three food-borne Bacterial Pathogens were simultaneously detected by the multiplex PCR technology which have been designed; The sensitivity of this method was 3.0×102cfu/mL forStaphylococcus aureus, 2.0×102cfu/mL forSalmonellaspp, and 3.5×102cfu/mL forlisteria monocytogenes. This method lies on its accuracy, rapidity and efficiency in the diagnosis, so it could be a useful method for the simultaneous detection of the three species of bacteria in food.

Download Full-text

Antibiotics-Peptide Conjugates Against Multidrug-resistant Bacterial Pathogens

Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry ◽

10.2174/1568026619666181129141524 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 18 (22) ◽

pp. 1926-1936 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Akinwale Ajayi David ◽

Shang Eun Park ◽

Keykavous Parang ◽

Rakesh Kumar Tiwari

Keyword(s):

Drug Resistance ◽

Bacterial Resistance ◽

Efflux Pump ◽

Bacterial Pathogens ◽

Antibacterial Activities ◽

Resistance Mechanisms ◽

Multi Drug Resistance ◽

Antibacterial Efficacy ◽

Peptide Conjugates ◽

Antimicrobial Drug Resistance

The menace of multi-drug resistance by bacterial pathogens that are responsible for infectious diseases in humans and animals cannot be over-emphasized. Many bacteria develop resistance to antibiotics by one or more combination of resistance mechanisms namely, efflux pump activation thereby reducing bacteria intracellular antibiotic concentration, synthesizing a protein that protects target site causing poor antibiotic affinity to the binding site, or mutations in DNA and topoisomerase gene coding that alters residues in the binding sites. The ability to use a combination of these resistance mechanisms among others creates a phenomenon known as antimicrobial drug resistance. The development of a new class of antibiotics to address bacterial resistance will require many resources, such as time-consuming effort and high cost associated with commercial risk. Hence, the researchers have adopted a strategic approach to enhance the antibacterial efficacy of existing antibiotics by conjugation or combination of existing antibiotics. A number of peptides have become known as antibacterial, cell-penetrating, or membrane-active agents. Antibiotics-Peptide Conjugates (APCs) are a combination of known antibiotics with a peptide connected through a linker. The rationale is to produce an alternative multifunctional antimicrobial compound that will elicit synergistic antibacterial activities while reducing known shortcomings of antibiotics or peptides, such as cellular penetration, serum instability, cytotoxicity, hemolysis, and instability in high salt conditions. In this review, we overview APCs which are used, as a strategy to combat the menace of multi-drug resistance of bacterial pathogens. Furthermore, we explain the focus area of adopted APC strategies and physicochemical properties data that show how they can be used to improve antibacterial efficacy.

Download Full-text

Etiology of childhood diarrhoea among under five children and molecular analysis of antibiotic resistance in isolated enteric bacterial pathogens from a tertiary care hospital, Eastern Odisha, India

BMC Infectious Diseases ◽

10.1186/s12879-019-4501-6 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Sonam S. Moharana ◽

Rakesh K. Panda ◽

Muktikesh Dash ◽

Nirupama Chayani ◽

Priyanka Bokade ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Drug Resistance ◽

Molecular Analysis ◽

Bacterial Pathogens ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

Fluoroquinolone Resistance ◽

Multi Drug Resistance ◽

Resistance Pattern ◽

Care Hospital ◽

Sensitivity Testing ◽

Childhood Diarrhoea

Abstract Background Although, India has made steady progress in reducing deaths in children younger than 5 years, the proportional mortality accounted by diarrhoeal diseases still remains high. The present hospital based cross sectional study was carried out to understand the prevalence of various bacterial pathogens associated with the diarrhoea cases in under 5 years age group. Methods During, 1st September, 2015 to 30th November 2017, all the childhood diarrhoea cases (≤5 yrs) of SCB Medical College in Odisha, India were included in the study. Stool samples were collected and processed for the isolation of causative bacterial pathogen and the isolated bacterial pathogens were subjected to antibiotic sensitivity testing, molecular analysis of drug resistance. Clinical and demographic data were collected and analyzed. Results Three hundred twenty patients were enrolled in the study during the study period from whom 82 bacterial isolates were obtained indicating a proportional causality of 25.6% for bacterial diarrhoea among children in this region. Entero toxigenic E.coli (ETEC) accounted for majority of the cases and and more than 50% of the strains were found to be multi-drug resistant (resistant to more than 3 class of antibiotics). More than 50% of the strains were resistant to current choice of treatment like ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin and ceftriaxone and 2.4% being resistant to Imipenem. ESBL production was also observed in some of the strains and one isolate harboured the NDM-1 gene. Fluoroquinolone resistance was found to be linked with multiple mutations in the QRDR region followed by PMQR determinants. Conclusion The current study, to the best of our knowledge is first of its kind which demonstrated the etiology of bacterial diarrhoea in children less than 5 years old and identified diarrheogenic E. coli as the predominant enteropathogen in Odisha. Majority of the isolates being multi-drug resistance calls for a continuous surveillance system in the region which will be helpfulin identifying emerging resistance pattern and for developing suitable intervention stategies.

Download Full-text

Bacteriological Safety Assessment of Three Street vended Foods in Owerri , Imo State (P04-141-19)

Current Developments in Nutrition ◽

10.1093/cdn/nzz051.p04-141-19 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽

Author(s):

Ezeh Francisca

Keyword(s):

Drug Resistance ◽

Low Income ◽

Pathogenic Bacteria ◽

Family Income ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Multi Drug Resistance ◽

Human Consumption ◽

Acinetobacter Baumanii ◽

Imo State ◽

Food Borne

Abstract Objectives Street vended foods are common in Nigeria, serving the purposes of supplementing family income and meeting food demand of low income urban dwellers. However these foods can become a vehicle for transmitting food borne pathogens due to poor processing and handling. This study is aimed at accessing the safety with respect to pathogenic bacteria of three foods abacha salad, roasted pork and ukwa (Treculia Africana) commonly vended. in owerri, Imo state.Nigeria Methods Twelve samples (four each of Abacha roasted pork and ukwa) were purchased from different vendors in owerri metropolis Imo state pathogenic bacteria were isolated from the food samples by the poor plate method on nutrient, macconkey Eosin metylene blue and salmonella shilgella agar plates and characterized using a combination of cultural/biochemical and 16 sr RNA squencing techniques the antibiotic suceptibility test was performed for each isolate by the disk diffusion method. The plasmid profiles of isolates resistant to four or more antibiotic were determined followed by plasmid suspitibility test to indicate whether resistance is chromosomal or carried on a mobile element. Results Thirty one isolates comprising seven species (Acinetobacter baumanII, bacllus sp enterobacter sp.E sherichi, coli k lebisella sp kurthia gIbosonoi sp and salmonella sp were obtained. from the food sample "ukwa showed the highest microbial load isolates 98.8 showed the highest resistant against nalidixic and ampicillin multi drug resistance was observed in 11(35.5) of antibiotics except ampicillin and nalidixic acid. Conclusions The presence of pathogenes and multi drug resistance isolates in these street foods renders them unsafe for human consumption, food vends and consumers need greater awareness on basic hygienic and good sanitary practices for food handling and appropriate use of antibiotics to for stall severe food borne diseases by antibiotic resistance stains. Funding Sources Federal University Of Technology, Owerri.Imo state Owerri.

Download Full-text