Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus a prospective observational study in coastal region of Andhra Pradesh

Background: Non alcoholic fatty liver is the most common chronic liver disease in many parts of world including India. It is strongly associated with obesity, overweight and insulin resistance. Type 2 diabetes is common condition and it regularly coexists with NAFLD. We designed to study non alcoholic fatty liver among type 2 diabetes mellitus among people of costal Andhra Pradesh and impact of this disease on metabolic profile of patients.Methods: As per selection criteria 160 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus were enrolled for this study. A detailed history of patients was taken regarding demography of patients, duration of diabetes mellitus, drug history, alcohol consumption and symptoms of hepatic disorder.Results: Out of that 86 (53.75%) patients were diagnosed to be non alcoholic fatty liver disease. There was significant difference between with NAFLD and without NAFLD groups regarding FPG (mg/dl) (144.12±10.54 vs. 122.48±11.67) (p=0.0001). AST/ALT ratio was significantly lower in patients with NAFLD then without NAFLD groups (0.81±0.19 vs. 1.16±0.31) (p=0.0001). Alkaline phosphotase (IU/l) was significantly higher in patients with NAFLD then without NAFLD groups (157.83±47.21 vs. 134.24±32.76) (p=0.0004).Conclusions: In current study the prevalence of NAFLD was 53.75% among type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. There was female predominance in patients with NAFLD and T2DM but in non NAFLD with T2DM has male predominance. There was significant difference between with NAFLD and without NAFLD groups regarding BMI. Hepatic parameters like AST, ALT and Alkaline phosphotase was significantly higher and AST/ALT was significantly lower in patients with NAFLD then without NAFLD groups.

Indicators of mineral-energy metabolism in cows of different physiological state when feeding tanamine Zn

The paper presents the experimental results to study the effect of Tanamine Zn complex preparation on the mineral-energy metabolism of dry and newly calved highly productive (with an amount of more than 8 thousand kg) cows. During the dry period (60 days), the preparation was administered at 20.0 g/head/day. The metabolites under study were monitored at the beginning, middle and end of the dry period (60, 30, 15-10 days before calving), as well as on the 15 and 30 days after calving. 15 days before calving the use of the additive led to an increase in calcium concentrations by 27.1% (p<0.05), magnesium – by 37.7% (p<0.05), chlorine – by 12.7% (p<0.001) and cholesterol – by 13.1% (p>0.05). The effect of tanamine Zn on newly calved cows 15 and 30 days after calving led to multi-directional changes in the studied indicators: an increase in the activity of alkaline phosphotase – by 48.9% and 67.9% (p<0.05), an increase in the concentration of magnesium – by 104.6% and 50.0% (p<0.001), potassium – by 12.0% and 13.1% (p<0.05) with a decrease in cholesterol – by 45.4% (p<0.01) and 55.3% (p<0.001) respectively). Besides, on the 30th day after calving, feeding tanamine Zn led to a decrease in glucose by 38.3% (p<0.001).

Hepatoprotective effect of hypoxenum against exogenous toxicosis of white rats

Any disturbances in the organism caused by infection, drug administration, vaccination, etc., are accompanied with disturbance of liver functions. Various xenobiotics entering animal organisms with food or water have the highest hepatotoxicity. Thus, an important trend in modern research is a search for substances increasing liver capacity against pathological activities, strengthening its detergent actions. The goal of this research was to study hepatoprotector properties of hypoxenum using the experimental acute toxic hepatitis model in white rats. The acute toxic hepatitis was caused by injecting the rats abdominally with tetrachloromethane in medical paraffin at a dose of 0.4 ml per 100 g of live weight once a day for 3 days. This resulted in disturbance of hepatocytes’ cytoplasmic membranes, accompanied with an increased rate of transamination enzymes and alkaline phosphotase, as well as an acute drop in glucose and total protein. Administration of hypoxenum stopped this pathological process. After the administration of the preparation, the animal’s body weight increased, activity of transamination enzymes and alkaline phosphotase returned to physiological norm, protein and glucose content increased, general physiological condition of the white rats improved. Thus, hypoxenum may be administered to animals as a hepatoprotector at a dose of 50.0 mg/kg of live weight.

Characteristics of bone metabolism parameters in urban citizens

Aim. To reveal the features of age-dependent changes of bone tissue in urban citizens. Methods. The study of bone metabolism parameters was performed on 629 healthy subjects of middle, elderly and senile age living in Vladivostok for longer than 10 years (55 males and 573 females). Concentration of C-terminal telopeptide of type II collagen, osteocalcin, calcitonin, parathyroid hormone, 1,25(OH)2-vitamin D, and bone isoenzyme of alkaline phosphotase were measured by ELISA. Concentration of C-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen was measured in urine. Results. Biochemical markers of bone metabolism in older age groups are different from the parameters of middle age. In the second period of middle age statistically significant decrease of C-terminal telopeptides level (z=2.88, p

Abstract 315: Calcium Dose Dependently Influences Endothelial Cell Angiogenesis

Background: Peripheral artery disease (PAD) is a progressive occlusive disease of the arteries and a vascular complication in diabetes. Vascular calcification (VC) is implicated as a potential driver of PAD, and although the exact mechanisms are unclear, the site and location of calcification within the arterial wall contributes greatly. Long considered a passive process, VC is now recognised as a tightly regulated active process balancing the promotion and inhibition of calcification in the arterial wall. There is little evidence however, to demonstrate the effect of calcification on endothelial cell angiogenesis. This study sought to investigate the effects of calcium as a known inducer of calcification on in vitro angiogenesis. Methods: Human Coronary Artery Endothelial Cells were cultured and treated with increasing calcium concentrations (CaCl 2 2.45-3.3 mM) for 24h. Proliferation, migration and tubule formation assays were conducted and real-time PCR assessed angiogenic and osteogenic genes. Alkaline phosphotase (ALP) activity was measured in supernatants following treatment. Results: High concentrations of calcium reduced cell proliferation with a corresponding increase in ALP production suggesting release of osteogenic stimuli adversely affects cell viability. Mid-range concentrations of calcium induced a significant increase in cell migration (1.0 vs 2.4±0.3, p<0.05) while higher concentrations elicited no effect. Calcium treatment demonstrated a dose response where mid-range concentrations increased gene expression of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (>500 fold), and fibroblast growth factor-2 (>150 fold). This increase corresponded with a decrease (1.0 vs 15.02±4.24; p<0.0001) in osteoprotegerin (OPG) at mid-range calcium with a significant increase at the highest concentration (1.0 vs 342±13.27; p<0.01) illustrating calcium-induced expression of OPG, a known protective gene in VC, may also regulate angiogenesis. Conclusion: This is the first demonstration investigating the effects of calcium on endothelial cell angiogenesis. These findings suggest that calcium can directly affect genes involved in regulating angiogenesis, and could therefore provide an opportunity to develop potential treatments.

Biological Evaluation of Polyherbal Ayurvedic Cardiotonic Preparation “Mahamrutyunjaya rasa”

Mahamrutyunjaya rasa(MHR), an Ayurvedic formulation, used as cardiotonic, contains potentially toxic compounds like aconitine, which are detoxified during preparation using traditional methods. Comparative toxicological evaluation of laboratory prepared formulation (F1) and two marketed formulations (F2 and F3) were performed based on their effects on viability of H9c2 cells and after single oral dose administration in mice. Cardioprotective effect of formulations at 25 and 50 mg/kg doses were studied in isoproterenol- (ISO-) induced myocardial infarcted rats. F1 and F2 did not affect the cell viability, while F3 decreased the cell viability in concentration and time-dependent manner. Rats administered with ISO showed significant increase in the serum levels of glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase, alkaline phosphotase, creatinine kinase isoenzymes, lactate dehydrogenase, and uric acid, while F1 and F2 treatment showed significant reduction in the same. F3 showed further increase in the serum levels of enzymes and uric acid in ISO-challenged rats. High pressure liquid chromatographic analysis of formulations showed higher concentration of aconitine in F3. Study shows that F1 and F2 possess cardioprotective property with higher safety, while formulation F3 cannot be used as cardioprotective due to its cytotoxic effects. Thus, proper quality assessment methods are required during preparation of traditional formulations.

Biochemical Changes in the Serum of Patients with Chronic Toxigenic Mold Exposures: A Risk Factor for Multiple Renal Dysfunctions

This paper analyzes and presents the biochemical abnormalities in the sera of patients presenting with chronic mycosis in order to investigate the relationship with the risks of multiple renal disorders. The study population (n = 10) consisted of six females and four males (mean age 36.3 years) exposed by toxic molds in their homes and offices for an average of 2.8 years. The control group comprised ten people, five males and five females (mean age 35.9 years) without any known exposures to toxic molds. Blood samples were obtained from both the patients and the controls and were processed using specific biochemical methods that included enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay (ELISA). There were biochemical abnormal concentrations in creatinine, uric acid, phosphorus, alkaline phosphotase, cholesterol, HDH, SGOT/AST, segmented neutrophils, lymphocytes, total T3, IgG and IgA immunoglobulins with significant differences between patients and controls. These abnormalities were consistent with multiple renal disorders. The major complaints of the mycosis patients were headaches, pulmonary symptoms, allergic reactions, memory loss, skin rashes, blurred vision symptoms, fatigue, and runny nose. These findings were depictive of a strong association of chronic mycosis with abnormal renal indicators. It was concluded that, although this research was a pilot investigation, based on the overall results, people exposed to chronic indoor environmental toxic molds were at risk of multiple renal complications.