Lycopene suppresses palmitic acid-induced brain oxidative stress, hyperactivity of some neuro-signalling enzymes, and inflammation in female Wistar rat

Neuroinflammation can be triggered by certain high caloric nutrients such as palmitic acid (PA). The effect of lycopene against PA-induced neuroinflammation in female rats has not been as explored. In the present study, thirty rats (weighing 150–200) g were randomly allotted into six groups (n = 5) comprising normal control, PA control, PA + lycopene (0.24 mg/kg), PA + lycopene (0.48 mg/kg), lycopene (0.24 mg/kg), and lycopene (0.48 mg/kg), respectively. After seven weeks of PA challenge (5 mM) including two weeks of lycopene treatment, the brain was excised for analyses. Palmitic acid overload caused significant (p < 0.05) increases in adenosine deaminase, monoamine oxidase-A, nucleotides tri-phosphatase, 5′-nucleotidase, acetylcholine esterase, and myeloperoxidase activities, and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels which were reduced significantly in the lycopene-treated groups. Conversely, catalase and glutathione peroxidase activities, and reduced glutathione levels concentration decreased by 43%, 34%, and 12%, respectively in the PA control groups compared with the Control. Also, PA triggered a decrease in the brain phospholipids (11.43%) and cholesterol (11.11%), but increased triacylglycerol level (50%). Furthermore, upregulated expressions of Interleukin-1β, Interleukin-6, and NF-ĸB-p65 in the PA control were attenuated, while decreased Interleukine-10 expression was upregulated due to lycopene treatment. Severe brain vacuolation observed in the histology of the PA control rats was normalized by lycopene. This study concludes that lycopene ameliorated PA-induced neuroinflammation, probably via attenuation of oxidative stress, and downregulation of TLR4/ NF-κB -p65 axis.

Lycopene Supresses Palmitic acid-induced Neuro-oxidoinflammation via Attenuation of Oxidative stress and NF-κB-p65 activation in Female Rats

Neuroinflammation can be triggered by certain nutrients. Effect of lycopene against palmitic acid-induced neuroinflammation in female rats has not been explored. This study evaluated the effects of lycopene against palmitic acid (PA)-induced neuroinflammation in rats. Thirty rats (weighing 150–200 g) were randomised into six groups (n = 5): Normal control, PA control, PA + lycopene (0.24 mg/kg), PA + lycopene (0.48 mg/kg), lycopene (0.24 mg/kg), and lycopene (0.48 mg/kg), respectively. After seven weeks of PA challenge including two weeks of lycopene treatment, brain was excised for analyses. The PA-induced significantly (p < 0.05) increased adenosine deaminase, monoamine oxidase-A, nucleotides tri-phosphatase, 5’-nucleotidasea, acetylcholine esterase, myeloperoxidase activities, and malondialdehyde level, reduced significantly post-treatment. Conversely, catalase and glutathione peroxidase activities, and reduced glutathione levels decreased (PA control) by 43%, 34%, and 12%, respectively, compared with the Control. Also, PA triggered a decrease in the brain phospholipids (11.43%) and cholesterol (11.11%) levels, but increased triacylglycerol level (50%). Furthermore, upregulated expressions of IL-1β, IL-6, and NF-ĸB-p65 in the PA control were attenuated, while decreased IL-10 was upregulated after treatment. Severe vacuolation in PA control was normalized by lycopene. This study concludes that, lycopeneameliorated PA-induced neuroinflammation, probably via attenuation of oxidative stress, and downregulation of TLR4/ NF-κB -p65 axis.

Chronic Oleoylethanolamide Treatment Decreases Hepatic Triacylglycerol Level in Rat Liver by a PPARγ/SREBP-Mediated Suppression of Fatty Acid and Triacylglycerol Synthesis

Oleoylethanolamide (OEA) is a naturally occurring bioactive lipid belonging to the family of N-acylethanolamides. A variety of beneficial effects have been attributed to OEA, although the greater interest is due to its potential role in the treatment of obesity, fatty liver, and eating-related disorders. To better clarify the mechanism of the antiadipogenic effect of OEA in the liver, using a lipidomic study performed by 1H-NMR, LC-MS/MS and thin-layer chromatography analyses we evaluated the whole lipid composition of rat liver, following a two-week daily treatment of OEA (10 mg kg−1 i.p.). We found that OEA induced a significant reduction in hepatic triacylglycerol (TAG) content and significant changes in sphingolipid composition and ceramidase activity. We associated the antiadipogenic effect of OEA to decreased activity and expression of key enzymes involved in fatty acid and TAG syntheses, such as acetyl-CoA carboxylase, fatty acid synthase, diacylglycerol acyltransferase, and stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1. Moreover, we found that both SREBP-1 and PPARγ protein expression were significantly reduced in the liver of OEA-treated rats. Our findings add significant and important insights into the molecular mechanism of OEA on hepatic adipogenesis, and suggest a possible link between the OEA-induced changes in sphingolipid metabolism and suppression of hepatic TAG level.

Evaluation Of The Hura Crepitans Seed Oil On Lipidomics Of Some Tissues In Albino Rats

Nuts and seeds are good sources of oil. Most of these oil are edible and are of industrial use. In term of edibility, some seed oils are hyperlipidemic, while some are hypolipidemic. The Hura crepitans (sandbox tree) is one of the plants that bear seeds however, the seeds has not been fully utilized. This study investigated the effects of Hura crepitans seed oil on lipidomics of some tissues (blood, liver, heart, kidney and brain) in albino rats. The Hura crepitans seed oil (HCSO) was extracted with Soxhlet extractor using petroleum ether as solvent. Twenty-four male albino rats allocated to four groups of 6 rats each were used. Groups 1-3 were fed diet containing 5 %, 10 % and 15 % HCSO respectively while group 4 was fed diet containing 15% groundnut oil (GO) (control) for 8 weeks. Whole blood was collected and the tissues (liver, heart, brain and kidney) were harvested. Cholesterol, triacylglycerol and phospholipid levels were determined in plasma, RBC and tissues of the rats spectrophotometrically. Hepatic HMG-CoA reductase activity was indirectly determined using spectrophotometric method. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukeys test were used to analyse the results. The lipids analyses showed that HDL and VLDL cholesterol levels decreased significant (p < 0.05) in the 5 % and 15 % HCSO groups and in plasma, liver and kidney of 10% HCSO group. Also a significantly ( p< 0.05) increase was observed in RBC cholesterol level in 5 % and 15 % HCSO groups while cardiac cholesterol level increased significantly in 10 % HCSO group. Triacylglycerol level increased significantly in plasma, VLDL and liver (5 % and 10% HCSO group), kidney and brain (5 % HCSO group), RBC and heart (15 % HCSO group) while a decrease ensued in HDL across the groups. The phospholipids level decreased significantly in all the organs except kidney of 15 % HCSO group whereas an increase was observed in plasma, HDL, VLDL and RBC of all the groups. Hura crepitans seed oil is considerably hypolipidemic and could be edible and be beneficial to health especially at 10 % composition.

PRELIMINARY STUDY OF SERUM TRIACYLGLYCEROLAND LIPASE ACTIVITY IN NEPHROTIC SYNDROME

OBJECTIVE - To study serum triacylglycerol level and serum lipase activity by estimating these parameters in fasting and post prandial state that is 4 hours after meal in nephrotic syndrome patients and comparing these values with the control group. Methods - Patients attending outpatient Department of LokmanyaTilak Municipal General Hospital clinically diagnosed as patients suffering from nephrotic syndrome were enrolled for the study. Duly signed consent forms were taken. Patients suffering from pancreatitis or any other acute diseases were excluded from our study. Control group comprised of age matched subjects not suffering from nephrotic syndrome or any other acute diseases. The study protocol was approved by the Ethical Committee. Results - The nephrotic syndrome group had significantly high mean serum triacylglycerol level and low lipase activity in fasting and post-prandial state that is 4 hours after meal as compared to healthy control group. Conclusion - In Nephrotic syndrome patients, hyperlipidemia and low lipase activity may accelerate atherosclerosis and progression of renal disease.

Significance of HbA1c test is a stable indicator of triglycerides in diagnosis and prognosis of diabetic patients

Background: The main purpose of the study was to highlight the relationship between glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and triglyceride levels in type 2 DM. Insulin resistance is associated with the elevated triglycerides (TG), and persons with type-2 diabetes are insulin resistant However, it is unknown what level of glycemia that causes an increase in TGL. Hence Therefore I am interested to determine the quantitative relationship between the hemoglobin A1C (HbA1c) and TGL.Methods: This descriptive study was conducted at GVPIHC&MT Marikavalasa, Visakhapatnam-4. The study population included 100 patients (not discriminate Male/ Female) of type 2 DM not on lipid lowering medication and 100 subjects without DM as controls from the department of General Medicine. For statistical analysis, Chi-square and Pearson’s correlation coefficient was used to find the association between triglyceride and HbA1c.Results: The association of high triglyceride was evaluated in type 2 DM group of HbA1c, with a cut-off value 7% patients had high triglycerides and showed a significant association with high HbA1c levels at p<0.0001.Conclusions: It has been shown from this study Triacylglycerol level are high with HbA1c (with a cut-off value 7%) level was found higher in diabetic patients when compared with the controls. Therefore, proper glycemic control should be maintained by maintaining HbA1c level less than 6.0% to prevent multifactorial disorder of diabetic complications.

In vivo monitoring of hepatic glycolipid distribution of <i>n</i>-6 ∕ <i>n</i>-3 in jugular-vein-cannulated rats as a nutritional research model for monogastric animal

The metabolic distribution via blood from liver of glycerolipids by omega-6 to omega-3 fatty acid (n-6 ∕ n-3) ratio in monogastric animal nutrition is very important. In vivo monitoring technique using jugular-vein-cannulated rats as a nutritional model for monogastric animal can yield important insights into animal nutrition. This study was conducted to determine the effect of different n-6 ∕ n-3 ratios (71:1, 4:1, 15:1, 30:1) on metabolic distribution of glycerolipids newly synthesized and secreted in the liver of the rats and explore the mechanism involved. Regarding 14CO2 released from oxidation of glycerolipid metabolism, it was the highest (22.5 %) in groups with a n-6 ∕ n-3 ratio of 4:1 (P<0.05). The control group showed the highest total glycerolipid level, followed by the 30:1, 15:1, and 4:1 groups in order (P<0.05). When secreted triacylglycerol level of each group was compared with that of the control group, the 4:1, 15:1, and 30:1 groups were decreased by 36.3 %, 20.9 %, and 13.3 %, respectively (P<0.05). Regarding the distribution of phospholipid against total glycerolipid compared to the control group, the 4:1, 15:1, and 30:1 groups were 1.38, 1.29, and 1.17 times higher, respectively (P<0.05). In the comparison of 14CO2 emission against total glycerolipid compared with the control group, the 4:1, 15:1, and 30:1 groups were 1.61, 1.52, and 1.29 times higher, respectively (P<0.05). These results demonstrate that a dietary n-6 ∕ n-3 fatty acid ratio of 4:1 could significantly decrease harmful lipid levels in the blood by controlling the mechanism of metabolic distribution via blood from triglyceride and phospholipid newly synthesized in the liver of cannulated rat.

Gambaran kadar triasilgliserol darah pada pekerja kantor

Triacylglycerol, a type of lipid found in the blood of the body, is the result of the metabolism of food containing lipid and cholesterol. One of the factors that can increase the blood level of triacylglycerol is less of physical inactivity. Physical activity of office workers is considered as low activity. This study was aimed to describe the blood triacylglycerol levels of office workers. This was a descriptive study with a cross sectional design and total sampling method. The reults showed that there were 52 respondents; 48 respondents (92.31%) had normal blood triacylglycerol level and 4 respondents (7.69%) had blood triacylglycerol level above the normal value. The average value of blood triacylglycerol levels was 95.44 mg/dL, median 85.5 mg/dL, mode 77 mg/dL, minimal value 39 mg/dL, maximal value 254 mg/dL, and standard of deviation 46.52 mg/dL. Conclusion: The majority of office workers had normal blood triacylglycerol.Keywords: triacylglycerol, office worker, physical inactivity Abstrak: Triasilgliserol merupakan jenis lemak yang dapat ditemukan di dalam darah dan merupakan hasil uraian tubuh dari makanan yang mengandung lemak dan kolesterol yang dikonsumsi. Salah satu faktor yang dapat meningkatkan kadar triasilgliserol dalam darah yaitu kurangnya aktivitas fisik. Aktivitas fisik pada pekerja kantor tergolong aktivitas fisik yang rendah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran kadar triasilgliserol darah pada pekerja kantor. Jenis penelitian ialah deskriptif dengan desain potong lintang dan pengambilan sampel secara total sampling. Hasil penelitian mendapatkan 52 responden. Terdapat 48 responden (92,31%) dengan kadar triasilgliserol darah dalam batas normal dan 4 responden (7,69%) dengan kadar triasilgliserol darah di atas batas normal. Nilai rerata kadar triasilgliserol darah 95,44 mg/dL, median 85,5 mg/dL, modus 77 mg/dL, nilai minimal 39 mg/dL, nilai maksimal 254 mg/dL, dan standar deviasi 46,52 mg/dL. Simpulan: Sebagian besar pekerja kantor memiliki kadar triasilgliserol darah normal. Kata kunci: triasilgliserol, pekerja kantor, aktivitas fisik rendah