scholarly journals Generational Multimorbidity Disease Clusters for British Cohorts Born 1921 – 1960

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 948-948
Author(s):  
Stacey Voll ◽  
Graciela Muniz-Terrera ◽  
Scott Hofer
Keyword(s):  
Complex Disease ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Disease Clusters ◽  
Memory Problem ◽  
Disease Patterns ◽  
Memory Problems ◽  
Similar Disease ◽  
Males And Females

Abstract The aim of this study is the first step in our understanding of the uniqueness and stability of multmorbdity disease patterns for different generations. The unique historical context that each generation has been exposed to is thought to have systemic health impacts and differences in epidemiological make-up (Clouston et al. 2021). Literature suggests that multimorbidity disease patterns, are similar across countries (Hernandez et al, 2021 – in press) and observational points, and that migration into complex disease clusters is more common as people age (Cassell et al, 2018, Kingston et al. 2018). Most commonly reported are Cardiovascular and Metabolic disease clusters which lead to lower quality of life, mortality and morbidity (Kudesia, 2021). We asked: Do multimorbidity disease patterns differ for unique generations? Using the ELSA, the disease clusters of three cohorts were examined; an older cohort, born 1921-1930, a middle cohort born 1931-1940 a younger cohort born 1941-1950 and the ”newest” cohort, born 1951-1960. Self-reported dementia and memory problems lead a specific cluster for the middle cohort, those born in 1931-1940, but not for the other cohorts. While disease patterns were different between sex for other clusters, the disease cluster of dementia and memory problems held similar disease patterns for males and females, with a prevalence of 3%. The dementia/memory problem cluster loaded with cardio/metabolic diseases. This suggests that complex multimorbidity for the British 1931-1940 cohort has had an impact related to dementia and memory problem diagnoses for this specific generation, for males and females alike.

scholarly journals TWELVE-YEAR CLINICAL TRAJECTORIES OF MULTIMORBIDITY IN OLDER ADULTS: A POPULATION-BASED STUDY

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S610-S610
Author(s):  
Davide Liborio Vetrano ◽  
Albert Roso-Llorach ◽  
Sergio Fernández ◽  
Concepción Violán ◽  
Graziano Onder ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Cluster Algorithm ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Sensory Impairment ◽  
Population Based Study ◽  
Disease Clusters ◽  
Disease Patterns ◽  
Neuropsychiatric Diseases ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Over Time

Abstract The scarce knowledge of multimorbidity development hampers the effectiveness of clinical interventions. We aimed to identify multimorbidity clusters, trace their evolution in a cohort of older adults, and detect the clinical trajectories of single individuals as they move among clusters over 12 years. Population-based study including 2931 persons 60+ with ≥2 diseases participating in the SNAC-K study. A fuzzy c-means cluster algorithm was used to group participants by disease patterns at baseline and follow-ups. Migration from one cluster to another was tracked over time, and the association between the clusters and mortality was tested. At baseline 52% of participants were classified into five clinically meaningful disease clusters: psychiatric and respiratory (5%), heart (9%), respiratory and musculoskeletal (16%), cognitive and sensory impairment (10%), and eye diseases and cancer (11%). The remaining 48% of participants (unspecified group) were grouped in any cluster at baseline but greatly contributed to the other clusters at follow-ups. Multimorbidity clusters that included cardiovascular and neuropsychiatric diseases presented a significantly higher mortality risk (odds ratios ranging 1.58–6.00) than the group not part of any clusters. Clusters characterized by cardiovascular and neuropsychiatric diseases included 25% of the study population at baseline and 28% of participants at six years, and they accounted for 51% of deaths at six years and 57% of deaths at twelve years. Multimorbidity clusters and clinical trajectories of older adults with multimorbidity show great dynamism over time. The multimorbidity clusters and trajectories identified in this study may help identifying groups with similar needs and prognosis.

scholarly journals At a Glance: An Update on Neuroimaging and Retinal Imaging in Alzheimer’s Disease and Related Research

2022 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
J. Ford ◽  
D. Kafetsouli ◽  
H. Wilson ◽  
C. Udeh-Momoh ◽  
M. Politis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Complex Disease ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Imaging Biomarkers ◽  
Molecular Architecture ◽  
Complex Processes ◽  
Short Commentary ◽  
Recent Developments

Neuroimaging serves a variety of purposes in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and related dementias (ADRD) research - from measuring microscale neural activity at the subcellular level, to broad topological patterns seen across macroscale-brain networks, and everything in between. In vivo imaging provides insight into the brain’s structure, function, and molecular architecture across numerous scales of resolution; allowing examination of the morphological, functional, and pathological changes that occurs in patients across different AD stages (1). AD is a complex and potentially heterogenous disease, with no proven cure and no single risk factor to isolate and measure, whilst known risk factors do not fully account for the risk of developing this disease (2). Since the 1990’s, technological advancements in neuroimaging have allowed us to visualise the wide organisational structure of the brain (3) and later developments led to capturing information of brain ‘functionality’, as well as the visualisation and measurement of the aggregation and accumulation of AD-related pathology. Thus, in vivo brain imaging has and will continue to be an instrumental tool in clinical research, mainly in the pre-clinical disease stages, aimed at elucidating the biological complex processes and interactions underpinning the onset and progression of cognitive decline and dementia. The growing societal burden of AD/ADRD means that there has never been a greater need, nor a better time, to use such powerful and sensitive tools to aid our understanding of this undoubtedly complex disease. It is by consolidating and reflecting on these imaging advancements and developing long-term strategies across different disciplines, that we can move closer to our goal of dementia prevention. This short commentary will outline recent developments in neuroimaging in the field of AD and dementia by first describing the historical context of AD classification and the introduction of AD imaging biomarkers, followed by some examples of significant recent developments in neuroimaging methods and technologies.

scholarly journals Leish-ExP: a database of exclusive proteins from Leishmania parasite

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aneesha Das ◽  
Nupur Biswas ◽  
Saikat Chakrabarti
Keyword(s):  
Drug Development ◽  
Complex Disease ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Comparative Sequence Analysis ◽  
Specific Gene ◽  
Whole Genome ◽  
Patient Identification ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Targeted Drug

AbstractLeishmaniasis is a complex disease caused by different species of genus Leishmania, which affects millions of people spanning over 88 countries causing extensive mortality and morbidity. Leishmaniasis exists in three clinical forms; cutaneous, mucocutaneous and visceral. Anti-leishmanial therapy is one of the challenging fields due to the presence of wide range of Leishmania species and host response against the pathogenic infection. Clinical survey reveals toxicity of drugs and trial compounds causing death among patients and predominant resistance to different class of antimonials among the leishmaniasis patient. Identification of appropriate target protein is a primary and important phase of drug development and Leishmania is a suitable system for targeted drug development as it branched out quite early from the higher eukaryotes like human. With the advancement of genomic era and availability of whole genome sequences of Leishmania species, relevant information on their respective genes and proteins are now easily extracted. Hence, in the current study, to aid the targeted drug therapy, an exhaustive whole genome scale comparative sequence analysis was performed to identify genes/proteins exclusive to Leishmania. Subsequently, further filtration was employed to identify the individual Leishmania species specific gene/proteins. Among such proteins, a considerable number was found to have no recognizable structure and functions. Hence, efforts were taken to characterize these Leishmania exclusive gene/proteins via providing additional sequence, structure, localization and functional information. All the information about each of these Leishmania exclusive gene/proteins from five different Leishmania species has been systemically categorized and represented in the form a user-friendly database called Leish-ExP, which is freely available at http://www.hpppi.iicb.res.in/Leish-ex.

scholarly journals 1280Natural history, developmental trajectories, and determinants of eczema from infancy to 26 years of age

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Ziyab ◽  
Nandini Mukherjee ◽  
Hasan Arshad ◽  
Wilfried Karmaus
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Early Onset ◽  
Late Onset ◽  
Developmental Trajectories ◽  
Early Adulthood ◽  
Clinical Criteria ◽  
Adjusted Risk ◽  
Disease Patterns ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Semiparametric Mixture Models

Abstract Background Eczema is a common inflammatory skin disease with varying developmental trajectories/patterns. This study sought to investigate eczema development from infancy to early adulthood by identifying distinct developmental trajectories that describe disease patterns over time and evaluate the role of early life risk factors. Methods The Isle of Wight Birth Cohort (n = 1456) was prospectively assessed at birth, 1, 2, 4, 10, 18, and 26 years. At each assessment, eczema was ascertained based on established clinical criteria. Developmental trajectories of eczema between 1-or-2 and 26 years were identified separately for males and females by applying semiparametric mixture models. Associations were assessed by applying a modified Poisson regression to estimate adjusted risk ratios (aRR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). Results In both males and females, the following eczema trajectories were identified: unaffected/transient (77.7% vs. 73.0%), mid-onset late-resolving (7.8% vs. 4.4%), late-onset (5.2% vs. 9.5%), and early-onset persistent (9.3% vs. 5.4%). In females, an additional trajectory was identified: early-onset early-resolving (7.7%). Among males, filaggrin gene (FLG) variants (aRR = 2.45, 95% CI: 1.34-4.46) and paternal eczema (2.66, 1.39-5.08) were associated with the early-onset persistent trajectory. Among females, maternal eczema (2.84, 1.42-5.70) and high birthweight (2.25, 1.08-4.69) were associated with the early-onset persistent trajectory. Conclusions Four and five trajectories represented eczema development among males and females, respectively, with different predisposing risk factors. Key messages Males and females may experience a different course of eczema and also sex-specific risk factors.

scholarly journals Trends in Type 1 Diabetes Mortality and Disability-Adjusted Life-Years in 27 European Countries and the United Kingdom: 1990–2017

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. A463-A463
Author(s):  
Aurimas Kudzinskas ◽  
Andrew Alazawi ◽  
Will Hughes ◽  
Richard Goodall ◽  
Eleanor Harbinson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Czech Republic ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Disability Adjusted Life ◽  
Life Years ◽  
Recent Trends ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
The Uk

Abstract Background: Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is a prevalent condition with significant morbidity and financial implications. This study aims to compare the temporal trends in T1DM mortality and morbidity across 27 European Union (EU) countries and the United Kingdom between 1990 and 2017. Methods: The Global Burden of Disease Study database was used to extract T1DM age-standardized mortality rates (ASMR) and disability-adjusted life-years rates (DALYs) per 100,000 for 27 EU countries and the United Kingdom. Joinpoint regression analysis was used to interpret trends. Results: All countries, excluding males from the Czech Republic (+28.5%), had relative reductions in ASMR between 1990 and 2017. The largest relative reductions in ASMR between 1990 and 2017 were observed in Slovenia for both males and females (-75.9% and -87.9%, respectively). The smallest relative reductions in ASMR between 1990 and 2017 were seen in Malta for males (-5.9%) and Czech Republic for females (-12.5%). For all years from 1999 to 2017, males in all countries had higher T1DM ASMRs compared to females. Similarly, T1DM DALYs have decreased across all countries excluding males from the Czech Republic and Malta (+10.4% and +5.3%, respectively). The largest relative reductions in DALYs between 1990 and 2017 were observed in Poland for both males and females (-46.4% and -70.4%, respectively). The smallest relative reductions in DALYs were seen in Greece for both males and females (-4.1% and -17.0%, respectively). From all years from 2006 to 2017, males in all countries had higher T1DM DALYs compared to females. Joinpoint regression analysis demonstrated that over the time period covered by the most recent trends (2013/14–2017), small increases in T1DM ASMRs were observed in Malta, Germany, and Denmark, for males, and in the UK, Netherlands, Germany, and Denmark for females. Furthermore, the UK also observed increases in DALY rates for both males and females between 2013 and 2017 (estimated annual percentage increases: males +0.6%, females +0.5%). Discussion: We identified improvements in both the mortality and morbidity from T1DM in European Union Countries between 1990 and 2017. Both the incidence and prevalence of T1DM is known to be increasing, therefore the observed improvements in mortality and morbidity reflect continent wide improvements in disease management. Our data do suggest, however, that the improvements in mortality and DALYs appear to be plateauing in the UK over the time periods covered by the most recent trends.

Impact of Nutrition in the Management of Nutritional Status of Covid-19 Patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shashi Soni ◽  
Uroosa Noor ◽  
Ena Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Food Prices ◽  
Morbidity Rate ◽  
Food Crisis ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Susceptibility To Infection ◽  
Co Morbidity ◽  
Good Nutrition ◽  
Coronavirus Infection

: The second outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) is of great concern due to its awful mortality and morbidity rate with decreasing nutritional status and poor lifestyle as well as noteworthy food crisis and affected economy of the world. Increasing food prices, food crisis, global hunger and decreasing availability and feasibility of food are the foremost causes of decreasing nutritional status, which increases the risk of susceptibility to infection and, in turn, leads to unfavorable outcomes of the diseases. Although, in times of the Covid-19 pandemic, nutrition is of potential attention, and there is a requirement for more exploration in the field of nutrition for the prevention of diseases arising from coronavirus infection. Elderly and individuals with co-morbidity, such as respiratory diseases, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes mellitus and metabolic diseases, are more prone towards getting infected with the coronavirus. Good nutrition is mandatory for healthy immune responses, which can be improved by the inclusion of vitamin A, B6, B12, C, D, E, zinc, selenium, iron, copper and an antioxidant-rich diet.

scholarly journals Defining a metabolic landscape of tumours: genome meets metabolism

2019 ◽  
Vol 122 (2) ◽  
pp. 136-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chandan Seth Nanda ◽  
Sharavan Vishaan Venkateswaran ◽  
Neill Patani ◽  
Mariia Yuneva
Keyword(s):  
Complex Disease ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Cellular Transformation ◽  
Metabolic Changes ◽  
Metabolic Reprogramming ◽  
Metabolic Dysregulation ◽  
Oncogenic Mutations ◽  
Essential Question ◽  
Metabolic Heterogeneity ◽  
Tumour Initiation

AbstractCancer is a complex disease of multiple alterations occuring at the epigenomic, genomic, transcriptomic, proteomic and/or metabolic levels. The contribution of genetic mutations in cancer initiation, progression and evolution is well understood. However, although metabolic changes in cancer have long been acknowledged and considered a plausible therapeutic target, the crosstalk between genetic and metabolic alterations throughout cancer types is not clearly defined. In this review, we summarise the present understanding of the interactions between genetic drivers of cellular transformation and cancer-associated metabolic changes, and how these interactions contribute to metabolic heterogeneity of tumours. We discuss the essential question of whether changes in metabolism are a cause or a consequence in the formation of cancer. We highlight two modes of how metabolism contributes to tumour formation. One is when metabolic reprogramming occurs downstream of oncogenic mutations in signalling pathways and supports tumorigenesis. The other is where metabolic reprogramming initiates transformation being either downstream of mutations in oncometabolite genes or induced by chronic wounding, inflammation, oxygen stress or metabolic diseases. Finally, we focus on the factors that can contribute to metabolic heterogeneity in tumours, including genetic heterogeneity, immunomodulatory factors and tissue architecture. We believe that an in-depth understanding of cancer metabolic reprogramming, and the role of metabolic dysregulation in tumour initiation and progression, can help identify cellular vulnerabilities that can be exploited for therapeutic use.

scholarly journals Pathogenesis of Endometriosis: The Origin of Pain and Subfertility

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 1381
Author(s):  
Teresa Mira Gruber ◽  
Sylvia Mechsner
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Complex Disease ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Behavioral Changes ◽  
Vicious Cycle ◽  
Pain Mechanisms ◽  
Anatomical Changes ◽  
Disease Patterns ◽  
Implantation Rates ◽  
Proinflammatory Factors

Endometriosis (EM) and adenomyosis (AM) are common conditions with pain and infertility as the principal symptoms. The pathophysiology of pain in EM and AM comprises sensory and somatoform pain mechanisms. Over time, these may aggravate and lead to individual complex disease patterns if not diagnosed and treated. Despite the known facts, several years often pass between the onset of symptoms and diagnosis. Chronic pain disorders with changes on a neuronal level frequently arise and are linked to depressive disorders, with the process becoming a vicious cycle. Additionally, women with EM and AM suffer from sub- and infertility. Low fecundity rates are caused by anatomical changes in combination with behavioral changes in the sexual activity of women with chronic pain as well as local proinflammatory factors that not only decrease implantation rates but also promote early abortions.

scholarly journals Little Hearts Are Affected by COVID19: Importance of the Myocardial Systolic Evaluation

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Setareh Mamishi ◽  
Aliakbar Zeinaloo ◽  
Elmira Haji Esmaeil Memar ◽  
Mahmoud Khodabandeh ◽  
Mohammad Reza Mirzaaghayan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Left Ventricle ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Morbidity Rate ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Myocardial Involvement ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Worse Prognosis

Background: Identifying the cardiac changes could help design measures to recover the cardiovascular system and lessen the mortality and morbidity rate. Accordingly, this cross-sectional study was performed to evaluate the echocardiography indices which are indicators of the cardiac alterations of the children with COVID19 infection.Methods: This study was performed as a cross-sectional study evaluating echocardiography indices in children infected with COVID19. Fifteen children, known cases of the COVID19, and 14 healthy children were enrolled. Evaluated parameters include left ventricle ejection fraction (LVEF), left ventricle end-diastolic diameter (LVED), mitral valve Sa (MV Sa), Tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE), and laboratory parameters.Results: The participants' mean age and weight were 62.8 (±48.0) months and 19.95 (±15.67) kg, respectively. None of the laboratory and echocardiography parameters differed between males and females, between patients with and without positive past medical history, between the patients with and without respiratory tract symptoms, and between patients with and without GI tract symptoms (P.0.05). Patients had significantly higher TAPSE (p = 0.027), although MV Sa (p = 0.01) was significantly higher among healthy children. LV EF (p = 0.425) and LVED diameter (p = 0.603) were not different significantly. None of the patients had pericardial effusion, pleural effusion, and cardiac tamponade.Conclusion: The heart can be involved during the disease course in children, even at the level of echocardiography indices. This could contribute to a worse prognosis, higher morbidity, and mortality rate, especially in patients with overt myocardial involvement. Non-classic indicators, including LVEF, may not be conclusive for cardiac involvement in non-symptomatic patients.

scholarly journals Causative Mechanisms of Childhood and Adolescent Obesity Leading to Adult Cardiometabolic Disease: A Literature Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (23) ◽  
pp. 11565
Author(s):  
Mihai Octavian Negrea ◽  
Bogdan Neamtu ◽  
Ioana Dobrotă ◽  
Ciprian Radu Sofariu ◽  
Roxana Mihaela Crisan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Adolescent Obesity ◽  
Obesity Prevalence ◽  
Economic Implications ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Prevalence Of Obesity ◽  
Childhood And Adolescent Obesity ◽  
Key Aspects

The past few decades have shown a worrisome increase in the prevalence of obesity and its related illnesses. This increasing burden has a noteworthy impact on overall worldwide mortality and morbidity, with significant economic implications as well. The same trend is apparent regarding pediatric obesity. This is a particularly concerning aspect when considering the well-established link between cardiovascular disease and obesity, and the fact that childhood obesity frequently leads to adult obesity. Moreover, most obese adults have a history of excess weight starting in childhood. In addition, given the cumulative character of both time and severity of exposure to obesity as a risk factor for associated diseases, the repercussions of obesity prevalence and related morbidity could be exponential in time. The purpose of this review is to outline key aspects regarding the current knowledge on childhood and adolescent obesity as a cardiometabolic risk factor, as well as the most common etiological pathways involved in the development of weight excess and associated cardiovascular and metabolic diseases.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document