Comparison of different fidelity mass analyses

Purpose Aircraft structure mass estimation is a very important issue in aerospace. Multiple methods of different fidelity are available, which give results with varying accuracy. Sometimes these methods are giving a high discrepancy of estimated mass compared to the real mass of the structure. The discrepancy is especially noticeable in the case of small aircraft with a composite structure. Their mass properties highly depend not only on the material but also on technology and the human factor. Moreover, methods of mass estimation for unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) platforms are even less established and examined. The purpose of this paper is to present and discuss various methods of mass estimation. Design/methodology/approach The paper presents different procedures of mass estimation for small UAVs with a composite structure. Beginning from the simplest one, where mass is estimated basing on a single equation and finishing with a mass estimation based on finite element method model and three-dimensional computer-aided design model. The results from all methods are compared with the airworthy aircraft and conclusions are discussed. Findings Mass of flying aircraft was estimated with different methods and compared. It revealed levels of accuracy of the investigated methods. Moreover, the influence on structure mass of human factor, glueing and painting is underlined. Practical implications Mass of the structure is a key factor in aerospace, which influences the performance of the aircraft. Thorough knowledge about the accuracy of the mass estimation methods and possible sources of discrepancies in mass analyses provides an essential tool for designers, which can be used with confidence and allows for the development of new cutting-edge constructions. Originality/value There are very few comparisons of mass estimation methods with an actual mass of manufactured and functional airframes. Additionally, mass estimation inaccuracies based on technological issues are presented, which is seldom done.

Környezettudatosak-e a hazai turisták? : Are Hungarian tourists environmentally conscious?

A turizmus alig néhány évtized alatt igazi tömegjelenséggé vált. Dinamikus fejlődése bár számos társadalmi-gazdasági előnnyel jár, a mai tömegturizmust vizsgálva nem tekinthetünk el a nyilvánvaló társadalmi és környezeti mellékhatásaitól: egyes desztinációkban már rontja az ott élők életminőségét, és veszélyezteti a természeti környezetet. Fenntartható fejlődésének érdekében változásra van szükség a kínálatban éppúgy, mint a fogyasztók keresletében. Tanulmányunk egy friss reprezentatív kutatás eredményeire is építve azt vizsgálja, vajon a hazai lakosság hajlandó-e utazásai során környezettudatos és felelősségteljes fogyasztói magatartás tanúsítására, ökoturistákra jellemző viselkedésre. A turizmus esetében kevésbé kutatott terület a különböző generációkhoz tartozó személyek szemléletmódjának, fogyasztói magatartásának kutatása, amely elengedhetetlen feltétele a sikeres piaci működésnek és a turisztikai ágazaton belüli sikeres innovációnak, ezért a tanulmány kitér a korosztályok közti eltérések bemutatására is. By becoming in itself a real mass phenomenon, tourism has generated several positive phenomena. However, if we consider the impacts of today’s mass tourism, its unwanted side-effects from social and environmental perspectives are also to be seen. In some destinations today the living conditions of the residents have deteriorated and the natural environment has suffered. For tourism to be sustainable, changes are needed, both in the supply of tourism and the demand of consumers. This paper, using the findings of a recent representative survey, looks at how open the Hungarian population is to adopting environmentally conscious and responsible behaviour during their travels. The survey of attitudes and consumer behaviour of different generations, a less intensively researched area in the field of tourism, is vital for a successful market operation and for successful innovation within the tourism sector, and so the paper also deals with the presentation of the reasons for the differences among generations.

Pre-Drawn Syringes of Comirnaty for an Efficient COVID-19 Mass Vaccination: Demonstration of Stability

Moving towards a real mass vaccination in the context of COVID-19, healthcare professionals are required to face some criticisms due to limited data on the stability of a mRNA-based vaccine (Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 Vaccine in the US or Comirnaty in EU) as a dose in a 1 mL-syringe. The stability of the lipid nanoparticles and the encapsulated mRNA was evaluated in a “real-life” scenario. Specifically, we investigated the effects of different storing materials (e.g., syringes vs. glass vials), as well as of temperature and mechanical stress on nucleic acid integrity, number, and particle size distribution of lipid nanoparticles. After 5 h in the syringe, lipid nanoparticles maintained the regular round shape, and the hydrodynamic diameter ranged between 80 and 100 nm with a relatively narrow polydispersity (<0.2). Samples were stable independently of syringe materials and storage conditions. Only strong mechanical stress (e.g., shaking) caused massive aggregation of lipid nanoparticles and mRNA degradation. These proof-of-concept experiments support the hypothesis that vaccine doses can be safely prepared in a dedicated area using an aseptic technique and transferred without affecting their stability.

Fundamental laws of nature confirmed by free fall

The principle of conservation of energy is often demonstrated by means of free fall. In mechanics, states of a body with potential and kinetic energy are energetically compared. Based on the mass concept of relativistic mechanics, energy conservation is considered to be linked with mass conservation. We show that the process of free fall can be interpreted more thoroughly, if the cause-effect principle and the mass concept of thermodynamics are applied. For the first time in the history of physics, the mechanism of energy conversion in free fall can be shown, which is valid for any object, whether body or elementary particle. The phenomenon of falling confirms the following facts to be valid of on a fundamental level: i) The principle of conservation of energy, ii) The equivalence of inertial and gravitational mass, iii) The real mass increase of any object with its velocity, and iv) The continuousness of space and time. At the end of the article we explain why the theory of general relativity is unsuitable to demonstrate the conservation of energy during free fall.

The effect of corrosion on shear behaviour of self-consolidating concrete beams

The objectives of this research are to compare the effect of corrosion on shear behavior in particular, and the overall structural response in both NC and SCC beams in general. Twenty reinforced concrete beams were used, with ten specimens cast using normal concrete (NC), and the other ten were cast using self-consolidating concrete (SCC). The dimensions for each beam were 150mm x 220mm x 1400mm. Using accelerated corrosion through the application of a constant current of one ampere, four stages of corrosion were established at 5%, 10%, and 20% of mass loss. Simply supported beams were loaded with two concentrated loads, and a four-point loading test was applied to the reinforced concrete (RC) beams. If (a) is the distance from the concentrated load to the reaction, and (d) is the distance from the center of the tensile flexural rebars to the top of the concrete beam, then a/d=2.5 was applied to assure the highest probability of shear failure mode. The data collected from load cell, LVDTs, corrosion crack patterns and loading cracks patterns were used to study the effects of multiple stages of corrosion on the shear behaviour of reinforced NC and SCC concrete beams. The corroded rebars were then retrieved and cleaned to compare the calculated mass loss with real mass loss. The results showed high correlation between the calculated mass loss (according to Faraday law) and real mass loss. The accelerated corrosion resulted in a corrosion crack pattern, which was documented and analyzed. In this research, the use of NC and SCC showed minor influences on failure mode, while the different states of corrosion showed a higher degree of influence on failure mode and the structural capacity of beams made from both types of concrete. The apparent changes in failure mode were associated with the increased corrosion stage.

The effect of corrosion on shear behaviour of self-consolidating concrete beams

The objectives of this research are to compare the effect of corrosion on shear behavior in particular, and the overall structural response in both NC and SCC beams in general. Twenty reinforced concrete beams were used, with ten specimens cast using normal concrete (NC), and the other ten were cast using self-consolidating concrete (SCC). The dimensions for each beam were 150mm x 220mm x 1400mm. Using accelerated corrosion through the application of a constant current of one ampere, four stages of corrosion were established at 5%, 10%, and 20% of mass loss. Simply supported beams were loaded with two concentrated loads, and a four-point loading test was applied to the reinforced concrete (RC) beams. If (a) is the distance from the concentrated load to the reaction, and (d) is the distance from the center of the tensile flexural rebars to the top of the concrete beam, then a/d=2.5 was applied to assure the highest probability of shear failure mode. The data collected from load cell, LVDTs, corrosion crack patterns and loading cracks patterns were used to study the effects of multiple stages of corrosion on the shear behaviour of reinforced NC and SCC concrete beams. The corroded rebars were then retrieved and cleaned to compare the calculated mass loss with real mass loss. The results showed high correlation between the calculated mass loss (according to Faraday law) and real mass loss. The accelerated corrosion resulted in a corrosion crack pattern, which was documented and analyzed. In this research, the use of NC and SCC showed minor influences on failure mode, while the different states of corrosion showed a higher degree of influence on failure mode and the structural capacity of beams made from both types of concrete. The apparent changes in failure mode were associated with the increased corrosion stage.

“Particle of God” as insulting of the Divine Principle

The author’s research has shown that fundamental magnetic poles (magnetic charges) are real structural components of atoms and substance. It is the magnetic poles, and not the moving electric charges are the direct sources of all magnetic fields and magnetic manifestations in Nature. The main reasons that real magnetic charges were “buried alive” in modern theories are the physics of its confinement in substance which is radically different from the confinement of electrons, as well as the vicious electromagnetic theory (electric magnetism) of Maxwell (1873). The vicious ignoring of real magnetic charges, as well as true anti-electrons in physical science for almost 150 years is responsible for the appearance of such global theoretical delusions as the curvature of 4-dimensional space-time, explaining the nature of gravity, the global expansion of the Universe and the big bang. Annihilation of particles in the pairs particle - antiparticle and many, many others. The author’s experiments have shown that the gravitational field is the vortex electromagnetic field, and all varieties of Physical Mass (FM) are of the electromagnetic atom-figurative structures, which are capable of emitting gravitational field. The masses are, for example, atoms and nucleons. If magnetic charges are removed from the FM composition, then only electric particles will remain in this “place” which themselves, without the participation of magnetic poles, are not able to form either mass or gravitational field. All fundamental electric and magnetic particles are not and cannot become masses, and even “God particles” cannot change anything here. The notion the famous Higgs boson and its main purpose - to give mass to particles is of just a vicious theoretical fiction and a sad result of following erroneous electromagnetic concept of Maxwell. In addition, there is no division of Masses into gravitational and inert ones. The concepts of gravitational and inert mass refer to the same electromagnetic structure, called Mass, but they correspond to different processes of interaction of its gravitational field with other masses (so-called gravitational mass) and the environment (so-called inert mass). As for spinor particles, that is, charged particles, they have the property of inertia, however, this circumstance cannot bind these particles with of a real mass.

Organizational basis of futsal development in Ukraine

The article analyzes the emergence of futsal in modern Ukraine and its historical development. Futsal in Ukraine is developing rapidly in all its directions. The formation of the governing bodies of futsal in Ukraine (Futsal Association of Ukraine) is considered. Today in the futsal of Ukraine there is an interaction of amateur and professional sports. The system of futsal competitions is the only vertically integrated system, which is based on the amateur direction, and the top is professional. Peculiarities of sports functioning in Ukraine, system of competitions in all main directions of futsal are defined: Olympic, popular sport and elite sport. The organizational structure of the futsal association of Ukraine, its functioning and relations with international structures are studied. Prospects for the development of futsal have been identified, namely the increase in the composition of professional, amateur, student and youth futsal leagues, which will be able to provide a wide coverage of the population, a real mass of sports, a significant increase in amateur and student teams. The progress of futsal is observed annually, but there are still many problems in its development, one of which is to raise the quality of the training process, improve the professional skills of coaches and teachers of children's schools and sports clubs. This trend is due to the very specifics of futsal, which with each season makes more and more demands on the motor and functional training of futsal players, the foundations of which must be laid from childhood and adolescence. According to the regulations, the status of futsal players who take part in the championship under the auspices of AFU is determined. A futsal player receives the status of a professional and the relevant rights and responsibilities from the moment of concluding a contract with the club in order to participate in the competition, and his activities are regulated by law. The ways of improvement of organizational bases of development of futsal in Ukraine taking into account a set of social and economic and organizational and administrative relations are substantiated.

Boundaries, Vermas and factorisation

We revisit the factorisation of supersymmetric partition functions of 3d $$ \mathcal{N} $$ N = 4 gauge theories. The building blocks are hemisphere partition functions of a class of UV $$ \mathcal{N} $$ N = (2, 2) boundary conditions that mimic the presence of isolated vacua at infinity in the presence of real mass and FI parameters. These building blocks can be unambiguously defined and computed using supersymmetric localisation. We show that certain limits of these hemisphere partition functions coincide with characters of lowest weight Verma mod- ules over the quantised Higgs and Coulomb branch chiral rings. This leads to expressions for the superconformal index, twisted index and S3 partition function in terms of such characters. On the way we uncover new connections between boundary ’t Hooft anomalies, hemisphere partition functions and lowest weights of Verma modules.

Evidence on the Stability of Nanoparticles of Comirnarty® in Syringes

Moving towards a real mass vaccination in the context of COVID-19, healthcare professionals are required to face some criticisms limiting the storage and transport of Comirnaty® as diluted dose in 1mL-syringe. Here, the physical stability of lipid nanoparticles in “real-world” conditions was evaluated, comparing the effects of different syringe materials, temperature and mechanical stress on number and particle size distribution. the positive results of such proof-of-concept can support the preparation and transport of doses to hospitals or vaccination settings.