Theoretical-Methodological Foundations and Practical Systematization of Sociological Discourse Analysis

ABSTRACT The objective of the paper is to present the theoretical and methodological foundations of sociological discourse analysis (SDA) and to demonstrate the practical application of its procedural basis by way of an exemplary case that has as its theme the culture of devotion to organizations. The development of a practical SDA plan is a constructive and incremental process and its paths are outlined as procedures under development. There is no general and/or rigid rule on what procedures are necessary for achieving the research objectives; the contextualizing interpretation of the discourses will determine the practice. The use of SDA as an analytical lens enabled us to explore the internal dimensions of the discourse, considering the social reality in which it is produced and providing an understanding of the culture of devotion through the senses and meanings that are constructed by the workers of the company we studied.

CRIME COUNTERACTION WITHIN THE SCOPE OF NETWORK APPROACH

Network management is a relatively new concept, which, nevertheless, has taken its place in the field of science and practice of crime counteraction management. In connection with recognition of the place and role of networks in implementing management activity, a number of theoretical questions on redefining the role of state, legitimacy of network structures, trust to new forms of interaction within the state, private sector, nonprofit organizations and associations of citizens arise. The issue of state sovereignty, legitimacy and trust in the context of management problems are studied not only by political scientists, but also by criminologists who conduct research on the problems of improving the policy of crime counteraction. The majority of autonomous, independent and not subordinate to each other entities are involved, each of whom solves his task in this common problem by his own means and methods in accordance with corresponding legislation. However, no matter how independent and autonomous the participants in crime counteraction are, their division is unacceptable since each of them is only one part of the common state and legal system aimed at ensuring resolution of a single task in crime counteraction. Each of them, no matter how it works, is not able to address the issue of crime idependently, only by his own means. They only complement each other, and therefore their activity, undoubtedly, require organization, management, coherence, interaction, coordination. And one of the ways to organize the system of accomplishment of set tasks is network management. The peculiarities of the latter are that a certain part of crime counteraction happens primarily on a procedural basis, and law enforcement agencies are procedurally independent and autonomous (this excludes any authroitative forms of management). Therefore, network management is implemented only on the basis of equality of all its elements, independence of each of them when performing tasks, responsibility for their realization and compliance with law.

PROSPECTIVE GERMAN LANGUAGE TEACHERS TRAINING TO APPLY COMMUNICATIVE-GAME TECHNOLOGIES IN TEACHING GERMAN AT NEW UKRAINIAN SCHOOL

The article deals with the problems of professional trainingof future teachers of the German language for the use ofcommunicative-game technologies in teaching pupils of thenew Ukrainian school. The expediency of the developmentand teaching of the elective course «communicative-gametechnologies of teaching the German language in secondaryeducation institutions» for third-year students of the bachelor’sdegree in the specialty «secondary education» is substantiated,its goal is determined – the formation of professional competencein the use of communicative-game technologies of teachingthe German language in institutions of secondary education,tasks and content are indicated. The main professionalcompetencies of future teachers, which are necessary for theimplementation of communicative-game teaching of the Germanlanguage in a new Ukrainian school, have been formulated,in particular, professionally oriented methodological skills:to intensify the educational activities of students in the classroomand in extracurricular work in the German language byintegrating communicative and game activities; to providea motivational, content and procedural basis for foreign languagecommunication of students through their participation in varioustypes of game activities; apply a personal-activity approach tolearning and optimal communicative-game techniques, takinginto account the goals of the formation of German-languagecompetence at different stages of training; to select andmethodically competently apply communicative-game techniquesin accordance with the goal of teaching, as well as professionalcommunicativeskills: organize effective German-languageinteraction of students, model and manage communicative-gameactivities of students in German. The experience of conductinglectures and practical exercises of the elective course is highlighted,the sequence of the formation of professional competenceof future teachers in the use of communicative-gametechnologies for teaching the German language in a newUkrainian school at the proposed stages of practical training isdemonstrated, examples of professionally oriented tasks androle-playing games for the formation of appropriate professionalcompetencies are given.

Grounds for legal liability in the pharmaceutical sector of the healthcare sector

The aim. To find out the content and essence of the legal liability grounds, to determine the main features of each element. Materials and methods. Synthesis, analysis and comparative law methods were used in the course of the study. Results. The grounds for legal liability in the pharmaceutical field are: 1) the fact of committing an act, defined as an offence by the relevant legislation, i.e. the factual basis; 2) the existence of a legal rule that prohibits such behavior and establishes appropriate sanctions, i.e. the regulatory basis; 3) lack of grounds for release from liability; 4) the existence of a law enforcement act, a written decision of the competent authority in which the person is found guilty and assigned the type and measure of punishment, i.e. the procedural basis. The analysis of the relevant regulatory framework shows some inconsistencies in the legislation governing the pharmaceutical sector in the context of legal liability. Thus, the cited articles of Fundamentals and the Law of Ukraine “On Medicinal Products” presume different types of legal liability for violations of the sectoral legislation. The fact is that Article 80 of the Fundamentals does not presume disciplinary liability, which, in our opinion, may have quite unpleasant precedents. In order to increase the effectiveness of the legal liability mechanism, we consider it appropriate to amend Article 80 of the Fundamentals. Conclusions. The grounds for legal responsibility in the pharmaceutical sphere correspond to the generally accepted approaches to their classification, and also have branch-specific features. In order to bring a violator of pharmaceutical legislation to justice, it is necessary to have several elements and only their combination determines the legal responsibility in the pharmaceutical field as possible and appropriate.

ФОРМИРОВАНИЕ ИМИДЖА ОРГАНИЗАЦИИ СОЦИАЛЬНО-КУЛЬТУРНОЙ СФЕРЫ КАК ЭФФЕКТИВНЫЙ ИНСТРУМЕНТ КОНКУРЕНТОСПОСОБНОСТИ

This paper examines the procedural basis for building an image of sociocultural organizations as an effective tool for competitiveness in the market for cultural services. The study focuses on image projection and the search for ways and means to increase the attractiveness of the image of cultural organizations to improve their performance. The research aims to identify modern tools to enhance institution prestige, including marketing, advertising, and public relations in the culture field, which are necessary to attract consumers. These tools will guarantee the development and expansion of a range of sociocultural services of the enterprise. These institutions should find an opportunity to independently build and maintain a positive image. All these measures are necessary to make these institutions competitive, efficient, recognizable, and attractive to the public, sponsors, and business partners, which will create demand for their services. Today, the establishment of the business reputation of any sociocultural institution and business success largely depend on interaction with public opinion.

Answering the questions of criminal law dogma regarding the organization of combating crimes in the economic sphere

Attempts to restructure the legal framework for combating crime in the economic sphere through changes in the criminal law are doomed to failure. The criminal legal system for combating crime, including its economic segment, should be built on a criminal procedural basis. Prosecution and trial should be considered the main elements of criminal procedure. The application of means of criminal law to the subjects of business crimes should be carried out by a court with the participation of a jury. The subject of litigation must be a public or private charge.

Problems of legality of investigative actions aimed at finding evidence

The purpose of the article is a comprehensive study of the problems of establishing the guilt of a person in the offense committed by means of pre-trial investigation by investigators, prosecutors and other persons authorized to do so, as well as establishing the lawfulness of such procedural actions. According to the purpose, it is substantiated that the investigative review is a visual inspection by the authorized persons of the object with the purpose of revealing the traces of the crime, the objects related to its commission, as well as the information about the fact and mechanism of its commission reflected in the features of this object and other circumstances relevant to the proceedings. It is established that the factual basis for the review is primarily data that indicate the possibility of detecting on the body of the person traces of the offense or special signs. Its special procedural basis is the motivated decision of the prosecutor. Procedural actions such as corpse exhumation, investigative experiment and forensic examination have been considered and analyzed. In the process of researching the topic, the authors conclude that in Ukraine the legality and objectivity of investigative actions needs to be more clearly enshrined in law. In particular, the authors propose an additional list of objects of the investigative review and the definition of the investigative examination, the separation of the actual grounds for conducting the examination, the approval of the provisions on the mandatory participation of those understood during the exhumation of the corpse as the investigator, the definition and actual reasons for conducting the investigative experiment as an action, the purpose of which is the experimental verification or refinement of factual data obtained in the course of the investigation, as well as the determination and factual basis of the conduct and appointment of forensic expertise.

Methodological features of substantial explanation in contemporary materialism

In the paper, the content of the concept of substance is defined; the relevance of substantial explanation in philosophical and general scientific methodology of modern materialism is considered; the methodological features of substantial explanation are analyzed. Among these features are the choice of dialectics as general methodology for deriving theoretical ideas about substance (as opposed to the inductive approach and ideas about pramatter), the relations between the universal substance and special substances, the consideration of substance as an absolute reality, the actual indicators of substance in the context of post-nonclassical scientific rationality, the development of substantial explanation from the concrete to the abstract and vice versa (including the problem of the ontological and epistemological «cell»), as well as the substratum approach and the definition of substantial attribute. The concept of substantial attribute is introduced, which is the procedural basis for the self-reproduction of a form of matter or of the matter as a whole. This concept expresses a process without which this or that substance could not be the cause of itself, i.e. the substance. For an infinite material substance, self-development is a substantial attribute, but in each particular material substance it has specific features corresponding to the level of complexity of the substance. In this regard, different types of substantial attributes are identified in the structure of the main forms of matter: in the physical world — a self-sustaining thermonuclear reaction, in the chemical world — autocatalysis, in the biological world — autopoiesis, in the social world — labor. Thus, with the help of the above aspects, the paper substantiates the thesis that modern materialism, coupled with dialectics, creates a number of important methodological prerequisites for substantial explanation to be used not only as a philosophical but also as a general scientific method.

PROCEDURAL BASIS OF CYBERSECURITY SYSTEMS

The subject of the research is a system of procedures implemented within the framework of a cybersecurity system, which is analyzed and described in a formal form. The aim of this work is to develop a formal description of the system of procedures implemented within the security system, which would automate the analysis, adaptation and design of the entire complex of processes operating within the cybersecurity system. The technique is based on the use of set theory, as well as system and process analysis. The tasks that need to be solved are to analyze existing approaches to the analysis of ongoing processes to identify their advantages and disadvantages. Based on the analysis, to propose a new formal presentation and classification of security system processes. The following results were obtained: the general characteristics of the security system processes were identified, the information and model bases of the security system were formed, which made it possible to present an approach to the classification and formal presentation of procedures implemented in security systems. Conclusion: The approach to the classification and the formal description of the procedures implemented in the security system presented in the article allows us to formalize the approach to the analysis and subsequent synthesis of the necessary procedural basis for the design and reengineering of security systems, in a more understandable way to the decision-maker. Thus, the efficiency of managing the mechanisms for protecting the contour of business processes is increased.

The procedural component of legal liability

The procedural component of legal liability has been determined and analyzed. It has been proved that, first, legal liability arises only if there are necessary grounds, including the procedural basis; and secondly, the procedure for bringing to legal liability is determined by the norms of procedural law; thirdly, legal liability is implemented through the law-enforcement activities of the state. It has been substantiated that the fact of the possibility to bring the relevant subject to liability (in private relations) with the help of state agencies affects the awareness of the subject of liability and induces him to voluntarily “take and bear” legal liability. Private liability is realized indirectly through the law-enforcement activity of the state and forms the marginal type of lawful conduct. Attention has been paid to the fact that, unlike public law branches, it is sometimes sufficient to have two grounds (regulatory and factual) in private law branches to bring to justice and to induce legal liability. It has been emphasized that the process of the realization of liability in private law differs from the process of its implementation in public law. However, bringing to liability both in public and in private law is regulated by procedural norms and is implemented within the framework of procedural relations that serve as a form of relations of legal liability.