Restorative juvenile justice

Problem setting.Today, society is developing rapidly, there is a process of globalization, the influence of information technology is growing significantly, which in some way complicates public relations and conflicts that need to be effectively resolved and resolved through justice. Raising this issue, in our opinion, we should first of all pay attention to such a problem as juvenile delinquency, because it is the rapid development of information technology has significantly affected the spread of this phenomenon. Thus, it should be emphasized that the state does not fully contribute to solving this problem, which just clearly illustrates the problem in the introduction of juvenile justice in Ukraine. The actualization of this issue is primarily due to the lack of understanding of the implementation of new changes in the protection of children’s rights in Ukraine. The state must understand that it has a responsibility to increase the responsibility of adults for the safety and lives of people. In turn, as already mentioned, low social protection of children creates crime among minors. And here there is another problem: the application of official justice, which involves primarily the application by the state to offenders of certain coercive measures, which is provided for in the sanctions of legal norms. In our opinion, this method of justice does not help to resolve the conflict between the victim and the accused. Because, in criminal proceedings, the main mediator of the accusation is the state, as a result of which the injured party receives double damage: both from the criminal offense itself and directly from justice, which has not solved the real problem in essence. In turn, the offender, through the application of appropriate means of state coercion, is not aware of his responsibility for the act committed by him. Thus, today there is a need for the introduction and application of restorative justice in juvenile cases. Since the restorative approach is aimed at restoring the socio-psychological condition of both participants in the process, as well as real compensation for the damage to the injured party. Target of research. Investigate juvenile justice in Ukraine, and the commission of criminal offenses by minors. Correlate the concepts of formal and restorative justice, as well as consider the need for restorative justice in Ukraine. Investigate national and international practices of juvenile justice, and implemented alternative programs for the application of restorative justice practices against juveniles in Ukraine. The object of this study is: juvenile justice, the commission of criminal offenses by minors, restorative justice in Ukraine, as well as the involvement of international practices in the application of restorative justice to minors. Analysis of reсent researches and publications. This issue was studied by the following scientists: G. Kostova, V. Zemlyanska, V. Lyska, V. Sidletska and others. Article’s main body. The article is devoted to the problem of introduction of restorative justice in juvenile cases in Ukraine. The authors studied the functioning of juvenile justice in Ukraine, as well as the implementation of state programs for the introduction of restorative practices, by reviewing the main provisions of national law and international practices. The author’s position and proposals for further reform of criminal justice for juveniles in Ukraine are formulated by introducing a restorative approach involving international practices. Norway is considered to be the first country to establish rehabilitation practices for minors. It is this leading country that has been based on the origins of mediation since 1970, but began on the basis of an experiment in the theft committed by a minor who was known in 1981. The case was a success, and in recent years almost 81 of Norway’s 345 municipalities have supported innovation – restorative justice, which has been expressed in a community decision in their area. And since 1991 it has become more accessible in 1991. Norwegian law enshrines this provision in the Municipal Mediation Councils Act, which was established in 1991, the 1992 Resolutions, the 1993 Circular, sections 71-72 of the 1998 Code of Criminal Procedure, and Part 2 include the right to the prosecutor in case of committing a non-public dangerous act without illegal consequences to transfer the offender to the mediation process. Conclusions and prospects for the development. Currently, the state and trends of juvenile delinquency, as shown by the analysis of judicial statistics, indicate the urgent need to organize consolidated and targeted actions of society and the state to prevent such crime, prevent its development and growth. Canada and Norway, we have established that they carry out executive activities for the restoration of justice, communication and restoration of justice, protection of fundamental human rights and freedoms, public relations. Also, these states are passing laws to get closer to the basics of restorative justice. Despite their imperfections, their direct component is the formation of the moral condition of both parties, ensuring their understanding of the crime, solving issues related to the moral condition of the victim, which is manifested in her conscious assessment of the situation, psychological rehabilitation in case of mental illness: panic attacks. , depression, which require quality treatment. Also, it is fundamental to report the guilt of a juvenile offender for his crime, the implementation of alternative measures of punishment: community service, a fine that would positively affect the further behavior of the offender. As practice shows, such an alternative in Ukraine would be a good attempt to minimize the level of crime among criminals also through advocacy in the form of lectures, seminars on offenses, as well as the adoption of alternative regulations in Ukraine, which would legally support mediation.

Symbolika i funkcja postaci literackich w "Labiryncie świata i raju serca" Jana Amosa Komeńskiego

The presented research concerns the functions and symbolism of the characters in "Labyrinth of the World and Paradise of the Heart" by John Amos Comenius. In this work, the characters are largely typified and are examples that serve the author’s in-depth spiritual reflection. The negative features of the heroes are often shown by Comenius in animal costumes. Symbolic associations with the world of fauna refer to the inner sphere of man and show his moral condition.

Accountability as Part of the Human Moral Condition and as a Virtue

Although accountability is a fundamental part of human life, it is something we often do not like. We do not like it when the presence or gaze of another places demands on us. In Christian ethics today there is a massive swing away from talk about God’s commands and God’s law and toward virtue ethics. There is nothing wrong with recognizing the importance of the virtues. But an ethic of virtue cannot in this life replace or supplant an ethic of law. Biblically, there is no competition between God’s law and the virtues God wants to instill in us. Rather, God’s law is a gracious gift that is an essential tool in acquiring the virtues God wants us to have, one of which is in fact faithful obedience. Evans concludes by offering theological reflections that can help Christians recover a sense of gratitude and joy for our accountability to God.

Does It Look Good or Evil? Children’s Recognition of Moral Identities in Illustrations of Characters in Stories

Children usually use the external and physical features of characters in movies or stories as a means of categorizing them quickly as being either good or bad/evil. This categorization is probably done by means of heuristics and previous experience. However, the study of this fast processing is difficult in children. In this paper, we propose a new experimental paradigm to determine how these decisions are made. We used illustrations of characters in folk tales, whose visual representations contained features that were compatible or incompatible with the moral identity of the characters. Sixteen children between 8 and 10 years old participated in the experiment. We measured their electrodermal activity when they were listening to the story and looking at pictures of the characters. Results revealed a higher increase in skin conductance when the illustrations showed a moral condition that was incompatible with the actions of a character than when they showed one that was compatible. These results suggest that children make fast decisions about the moral identity of characters based on their physical features. They open up new possibilities in the study of the processing of moral decisions in children.

Situation of Families of Military Servants During the Great Patriotic War

Introduction. The following aspects of this topic have not received thorough consideration: the interaction in the first years of the war of social security departments and military registration and enlistment offices in solving the problems of families of war veterans; periodization of policies to support military families; motivational nature of their main problems, etc. Methods and materials. The author used such methods of historical research as comparative historical, genetic, historical and anthropological, as well as the hermeneutics method, which allowed us to interpret various facts, events, government decisions related to the problems of families of war veterans during the war, by their voluminous and holistic perception. Analysis. The study includes the identification of the specifics of the policy of the Soviet state to support the families of military personnel at the first (1941–1942) and second (1943–1945) stages of its implementation, and also raises the problem of the causes of the plight of some families of war veterans during the war. Results. In the state policy of supporting families of war veterans during the war years, one can distinguish the initial stage (1941–1942) and the stage of systematic support of these families with the involvement of additional funds and organizational structures (1943–1945). Caring for the families of servicemen, their financial situation, spiritual and moral condition was one of the priorities of state policy during the war years. This allowed, along with other factors, to rally the people, bringing the Great Victory closer.

Self-preservation and sociology’s modern moral personality: Dual structure in Durkheim’s Suicide

According to Durkheim, suicide means a conscious choice of death. The only opposite of death is being, and there is no middle ground in between. Therefore, when Durkheim discusses suicide, he certainly touches on the issue of living, or a choice of self-preservation, in a cryptical way, as well. This veiled discussion has been unacknowledged by Chinese mainland sociology because the widely adopted Chinese version of Durkheim’s Suicide loses most of the textual evidence of this clue in its translation. This paper offers a textual analysis of Durkheim’s Suicide based on that textual evidence. Durkheim treats different types of suicide as extreme forms of different types of morals, and, in many places, he asks under what kind of moral condition one can achieve self-preservation. This paper argues that there is an inner connection between Durkheim’s definitions of three types of suicide and his definition of sociology. As a social scientist who studies morality, he sees sociology as the expression of a particular modern morality, the same kind of moral condition that he calls for in his book. This paper shows that for Durkheim, this moral entity signifies for self-preservation both for the modern individual and for sociology.

TO SOLVING THE PROBLEM OF TRAINING WORKING PERSONNEL OF RUSSIA

The relevance of solving the problem of reducing the personnel potential of workers in Russia has been substantiated. A brief overview of the most significant scientific sources over the past three years has been adduced. The consequences of reducing the working personnel from a number of Russian citizens and modern methods of compensating for low human potential have been analysed. The main demotivators of labor have been considered also and various options for solving the problem have been presented, such as: developing a regional social infrastructure and improving the moral condition of women; enhancing the training of working personnel based on the national historical features of Russia; development of interaction between the state, enterprises and young employees in order to form the personnel potential of Russian workers. As a further area of research, the development of regional roadmaps for the regions of the Central Federal District has been proposed.

TOPONYMS BASED ON THE SPIRITUAL CULTURE OF THE KAZAKH PEOPLE (ON THE EXAMPLE OF ULAN DISTRICT, EAST KAZAKHSTAN REGION)

In this article, on the example of toponyms of the Ulan district of the East Kazakhstan region, the author presents toponyms based on the spiritual culture of nomads. The spiritual culture of the nomadic Kazakh people is very rich and diverse. Since in our time, at the heart of any word, phrase, phraseological units and Proverbs-sayings, fairy tales and poems, prohibitions and beliefs in a large number of cognitive, cognitive data, it is considered insufficient to investigate based only on language data. Because under the cover of these collective values, such cultural values of the people as the historical and elite culture formed by this people, historical collective thinking, knowledge of the world, everyday life, social economy, life experience, moral condition, ethics and aesthetics are known in detail. The article shows how the spiritual culture of the Kazakhs was reflected in the name of localities in the Ulan district of East Kazakhstan region.