International participation in the resolution of the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict in 1990–2020

The article analyzes the mediation activities of international organizations in the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict from 1992 to 2020. The positions of the OSCE, the United States, Russia, as well as Armenia, Azerbaijan and Nagorno-Karabakh regarding the plans for a peaceful settlement of the conflict are examined. The key role of the Russian Federation as a major regional factor in the reconciliation of the warring parties and the resolution of the Nagorno-Karabakh problem is considered.

Characteristics of Home-Visit Nursing Agencies That Closed after the 2012 Fee Revision for Home-Visit Nursing Services: A Nationwide Panel Data Analysis in Japan

Despite the 2012 fee revision raising fees for home-visit nursing services to increase their supply in Japan, 300 to 500 home-visit nursing agencies (VNA) are still being closed annually. This study aims to identify the regional and organizational characteristics of the VNAs that closed after the 2012 fee revision. A longitudinal observational study was conducted using nationwide panel data of VNAs from 2014 to 2017 (N = 6496). Multiple logistic regression models stratified by years of operation were used for the analysis. We identified 821 closed agencies (12.6%). In this study, many important factors related to VNA closures were found. In the less than three years group, there were regional factors (lower aging rate and larger number of clinics) and an organizational factor (higher proportion of users under 40 years of age). In the 3–14 years group, there was a regional factor (larger number of clinics) and organizational factors (smaller number of FTE nurses, smaller number of users per FTE nurse, and smaller number of medical care types that can be provided). In the over 15 years group, there was an organizational factor (smaller number of FTE nurses). The findings provide valuable insights for policymakers in avoiding VNA closures.

The impact of the regional factor in the democratic transition A comparative study between the experiences of Spain 1975 and Iraq 2003

The regional factor has always played an important role in the political developments of various countries and political experiences, as this factor constituted the role of the direct incubator for all the successful and failed experiences of political development throughout our time. The process of democratization is considered one of the most important political experiments of our time, which gained wide momentum after the Second World War. Especially after the peoples of the world realized the importance and preference of this system compared to the rest of the political systems. After the end of the Cold War, the world witnessed a remarkable trend towards liberal democracy, exhilarated by the euphoria of the victory of the Western camp led by the United States of America over its eastern historical opponent (led by the Soviet Union). Liberal democracy and its sovereignty over the world, rather they unleashed an unbridled optimism that says: ""The peoples and societies of the world are moving towards adopting the model of liberal democracy, because it is the model most responsive to the aspirations of human freedom and the release of his energies.

THE ROLE OF THE REGIONAL FACTOR IN RESPONDING TO RUSSIA’S HISTORICAL CHALLENGES

The article traces the role of the Ural-Siberian region in Russia’s responses to historical challenges in the era of modernization. It is concluded that this role has been steadily increasing over the course of four centuries — from traditional society to the end of the historical period of modernization. Such a chronologically large and meaningfully diverse process is revealed for the first time in historiography. Addressing it made it possible to assess the strategy of a particular region in ensuring the country’s responses to world challenges at the expense of its own resources. Historical experience has shown that the region stayed in history as a reserve territory of the deep rear. These tendencies are traced on the materials of the procurement of furs, extraction of silver and gold, and ferrous metallurgy products. These resources contributed to Russia’s entry into the world market, the formation of its military-industrial complex, and responses to the challenges of the times and global competitors. The exploitation of such wealth controversially influenced the modernization processes and overcoming the country’s lag behind the advanced states of the world, although imperial Russia sometimes outstripped its opponents in some indicators, in particular, in the production of ferrous metals. Each of the five macro problems posed in this text requires further elaboration precisely from the standpoint of challenges. It is necessary to continue studying the perception of these problems in our country and the ways of organizing responses to them, as well as the reaction of the world community to Russia’s responses. This is the task for specialists in both Russian and general history.

Modeling House Price Synchronization across the U.S. States and their Time-Varying Macroeconomic Linkages

This paper analyzes the time-varying impact of macroeconomic forces on the synchronization in housing movements across all the U.S. states. Using a Bayesian modeling approach, the house price movements are decomposed into national, regional and state-specific factors. We then analyze the time-varying impact of macroeconomic forces on these national and regional factors. Evidence suggests that in several Western and Eastern states the house price variations are dominated by the national factor, whereas the regional factor dominates the Southern and Midwestern markets. These factors are found to have a time-varying relationship with most macroeconomic indicators with particularly pronounced time-variation caused by national house prices, inflation rate and consumer sentiments.

Measuring Regional Economic Growth In Jordan

This research aims to measure the regional disparities in Jordan’s economic growth during 2010-2017. As an indicator to measure the economic growth in each region is the regional factor (R) adopted, and for estimation the regional factor is the Shift and Share method used. This method is widely used by geographical economist. The annual average of household income, as economic indicator, to estimate the regional factor in this study will be adopted. Data on annual household income were taken from the expenditure and income surveys prepared by the Jordanian General Statistics Department in year 2010 and year 2017. The results of this study indicate that economic growth in Irbid region and Mafraq region was greater than the national growth, while the rest of the regions have had much slower economic growth compared to national growth during the study period. Expect Amman region, the capital of Jordan, showed similar economic growth to national level. The results of the research indicate that the region’s share of income increased for regions that achieved high economic growth and in return this share was reduced to the values that showed low growth and lower than the rate of national economic growth. The least economically developed regions are the regions in the south of the country, despite the development policies in the field of balanced regional development, but because of the lack of infrastructure, they are still unable to reduce the development gap between the regions in Jordan. The study recommended the need for the government to enable the regions to accelerate regional development as well as reduction in the development gap between them by devolving administrative and financial powers from the central level to the regional level. It also recommended the need to support investment, especially in the less developed regions. Keywords: economic growth, regional economics, income distribution, development planning, decentralization.

Russia, United States and China in South Asian Politics: Implications for Pakistan

End of the Cold War caused a paradigm shift in world politics by converting the bipolar world into a unipolar world with the emergence of the USA as a sole superpower in the field of international politics. Indo-US obnoxious nexus has put the security situation in perils in South Asia. America is in a full endeavor to contain China to halt her everexpanding sphere of influence. Positive and proactive development in PakRussia relations, in the post-Cold War period, has caused ripples in the stagnant waters of political, economic and strategic areas of mutual interest. On the global level Sino-US rivalry in Indian Ocean Region (IOR). While, on the other hand, so far as a regional factor is concerned, Pakistan and China have evolved very cordial and cooperative relations in order to complete China's Belt and Road (BRI) and China Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC). Pak-Russia relations would go on to enter, from both sides, into complete trust, confidence-building and mutual reliance on each other.