Determinant of Macro-Economics: Does Income Inequality Influence Happiness? Evidence From Indonesia

This research aims to see does income inequality determines the happiness of Indonesian. This is important because there is a unique condition where Indonesia to be one of the developing nations which have a complexity of the income inequality issue, but it still has a high happiness index rate. This research uses cross-sectional data consisting of multiple indicators of all the variables from 34 provinces of Indonesia such as inflation, unemployment, and government investment as the macroeconomic factors, which have a direct impact on income inequality as well as happiness index, and this research uses path analysis model.The result delineates that although macro economics variables and income inequality have negative correlation toward happiness of Indonesian, it it not fully effected on it because most happiness of Indonesians are coming from another aspect such as socio-culture and religiosity

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PROTEIN 24 HIV DAN LIMFOSIT T-CD4+ DI INFEKSI HIV TAHAP I

INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PATHOLOGY AND MEDICAL LABORATORY ◽

10.24293/ijcpml.v21i3.740 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 21 (3) ◽

pp. 273

Author(s):

I Made Sila Darmana ◽

Endang Retnowati ◽

Erwin Astha Triyono

Keyword(s):

T Lymphocytes ◽

Hiv Infection ◽

T Lymphocyte ◽

Negative Correlation ◽

Stage I ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Protein Levels ◽

P24 Protein ◽

Persistent Generalized Lymphadenopathy ◽

Spearman Test

Measuring HIV p24 protein is a test which is more practical than determination of CD4+ T-lymphocyte counts and viral load, as it does not require a very sophisticated instrument and requires a lower cost. Independent predictive value of p24 to the decline of CD4+ T-lymphocytes, clinical progression and survival in HIV-infected patients have been reported. In this study, HIV-infected patients were found to have HIV p24 protein levels inversely proportional to CD4+ T-lymphocyte counts by using Spearman test (R2=0.225; p=0.0331). Studies on the correlation between HIV p24 protein levels and CD4+ T-lymphocyte counts in stage I HIV infection have not yet been reported. The aim of this study was to prove the correlation between HIV p24 protein levels and CD4+ T-lymphocytes in stage I HIV infection. Research issue was whether a correlation between HIV p24 protein levels and CD4+ T-lymphocyte counts in stage I HIVinfection existed ? The hypothesis was that a correlation between HIV p24 protein levels and CD4+ T-lymphocyte counts in stage I HIV infection existed. The study design was cross sectional observational. Subjects consisted of 30 stage I HIV-infected patients treated at the Infectious Disease Intermediate Care Unit, Dr. Soetomo Hospital and VCT Clinic of the Dr. Ramelan Naval Hospital, Surabaya from May to July 2014. Stage I HIV infection is an asymptomatic HIV infection or with persistent generalized lymphadenopathy and the patient is able to perform normal activities. Levels of p24 were measured by ELISA method and CD4+ T-lymphocyte counts using flowcytometry(BD FACSCaliburTM). The results were statistically analyzed using Pearson’s correlation test. HIV p24 protein levels in stage I of HIV infection ranged from 1.8 to 10.8 pg/mL, mean of 5.14 pg/mL and a standard deviation of 2.08 pg/mL. CD4+ T-lymphocyte counts decreased with a range of 49-559 cells /uL for absolute values and 4.42–26.02% for percentage values Correlations between blood p24 levels and CD4+ T-lymphocyte counts either absolute (r=–0.392, p=0.032) or percentage (r=–0.363, p=0.049) were found. In stage I HIV-infected patients, a negative correlation was found between p24 levels and CD4+ T-lymphocyte counts, in both CD4+T-lymphocyte counts as absolute and as well as percentage values. This negative correlation showed that the p24 HIV levels were inversely proportional to the CD4+ T-lymphocyte counts. HIV p24 protein levels have a possibility to be used predicting CD4+ T-lymphocyte counts

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The Influence of Leadership on the Transfer of Knowledge and Work Effectivity at Secretariat Office in Boven Digoel Regency

HASANUDDIN JOURNAL OF BUSINESS STRATEGY ◽

10.26487/hjbs.v2i4.365 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2 (4) ◽

pp. 44-52

Author(s):

Yoseph Awunim ◽

Abdul Rahman Kadir ◽

Mahlia Muis

Keyword(s):

Data Analysis ◽

Knowledge Transfer ◽

Path Analysis ◽

Positive Impact ◽

Direct Impact ◽

Transfer Of Knowledge ◽

Analysis Model ◽

Work Effectiveness ◽

Statistical Results ◽

Path Analysis Model

The research objective is to analyze the direct impact of leadership toward transfer knowledge and work effectiveness in Boven Digoel. Data analysis in this research is quantitative using a path analysis model (path analysis) with the help of Smart PLS Software version 3.2 .8. The research distributed questionnaires to 89 respondents of officers assigned at the secretariat office in Boven Digoel Regency. On the basis of statistical results, it was found that leadership can be said to have impacted positively and significant knowledge transfer and work effectiveness. The knowledge transfer also has a positive impact on work effectiveness.

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PENGARUH KEADILAN ORGANISASIONAL TERHADAP KOMITMEN ORGANISASIONAL MELALUI VARIABEL INTERVENING KEPUASAN KERJA PADA KARYAWAN PT. LEMBAH KARET PADANG

Jurnal Benefita ◽

10.22216/jbe.v3i2.3105 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

pp. 248

Author(s):

Jefri Candika ◽

Lucy Chairoel

Keyword(s):

Job Satisfaction ◽

Organizational Commitment ◽

Path Analysis ◽

Organizational Justice ◽

Indirect Effect ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Direct Impact ◽

Indirect Influence ◽

Analysis Technique

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh keadilan organisasional terhadap komitmen organisasional melalui variabel intervening kepuasan kerja pada karyawan PT. Lembah Karet Padang. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah berjumlah 308 orang dengan sampel sebanyak 75 orang karyawan, teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan metode slovin. Teknik analisis yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah teknik analisis path (path analysis) menggunakan SPSS. Dari hasil penelitian ditemukan keadilan organisasional berpengaruh positif dan signifikan secara langsung terhadap komitmen organisasional. Keadilan organisasional berpengaruh positif dan signifikan secara langsung terhadapa kepuasan kerja. Keadilan organisasional dengan kepuasan kerja sebagai variabel intervening berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap komitmen organisasional. Pengaruh langsung keadilan organisasional terhadap komitmen organisasional lebih besar dari pengaruh tidak langsung melalui variabel kepuasan kerja. Dengan demikian dapat diartikan bahwa kepuasan kerja tidak memiliki pengaruh tidak langsung keadilan organisasional terhadap komitmen organisasional. Sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa kepuasan kerja tidak terbukti sebagai variabel intervening. This study aims to determine the effect of organizational justice on organizational commitment through intervening variable job satisfaction at employees of PT. Lembah Karet Padang. The population in this study was 308 people with a sample of 75 employees, sampling technique using slovin method. The analysis technique used in this research is path analysis technique (path analysis) using SPSS. From the results of the study found organizational justice has a positive and significant effect directly on organizational commitment. Organizational justice has a positive and significant impact directly on job satisfaction. Organizational justice with job satisfaction as intervening variable has a positive and significant effect on organizational commitment. The direct impact of organizational justice on organizational commitment is greater than indirect influence through job satisfaction variables. Thus it can be interpreted that job satisfaction does not have an indirect effect of organizational justice on organizational commitment. So it can be concluded that job satisfaction is not proven as intervening variable.

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Impact of kinesiophobia on physical function and quality of life in functional ankle instability individuals: an observational study

Bulletin of Faculty of Physical Therapy ◽

10.1186/s43161-021-00032-0 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 26 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Prachita P. Walankar ◽

Vrushali P. Panhale ◽

Kanchi M. Vyas

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Life ◽

Physical Function ◽

Negative Correlation ◽

Ankle Instability ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Functional Ankle Instability ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Sf 36 ◽

Related Quality

Abstract Background Functional ankle instability is a common musculoskeletal condition affecting the community. It is characterized by repetitive bouts of giving away, recurrent sprains, and sensation of instability leading to functional deficits in an individual. The present study aimed to assess the influence of kinesiophobia on physical function and quality of life in participants with functional ankle instability. A cross-sectional study was conducted in 30 participants with functional ankle instability. Kinesiophobia was assessed using the 17-item Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia, physical function using the Foot and Ankle Ability Measure (FAAM) and the FAAM-Sport version (FAAM-S), and quality of life using SF-36. Results The TSK score showed a moderate negative correlation with FAAM-S (r = −0.5, p = 0.005) and a weak negative correlation with SF-36 physical component summary (r = −0.42, p = 0.02). However, TSK showed no significant correlation with FAAM-ADL and SF-36 mental component summary. Conclusion Increased fear of movement, reduced physical function, and health-related quality of life were observed in functional ankle instability individuals. Hence, evaluation of these parameters is imperative in these individuals.

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Physical Activity and its Influencing Factors in Community-Dwelling Older Adults With Dementia: A Path Analysis

Clinical Nursing Research ◽

10.1177/10547738211033928 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 105477382110339

Author(s):

Bei Li ◽

Xiuxiu Huang ◽

Chenchen Meng ◽

Qiaoqin Wan ◽

Yongan Sun

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Older Adults ◽

Path Analysis ◽

Neuropsychiatric Symptoms ◽

Community Dwelling ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

People With Dementia ◽

The Status ◽

Path Analysis Approach ◽

Community Dwelling Older Adults

Dementia is prevalent in worldwide, and increases the care burden and potential costs. Physical activity (PA) has been increasingly shown to be beneficial for them. This was a cross-sectional observational study aiming to investigate the status of PA among community-dwelling older adults with dementia in Beijing or Hangzhou, China, and verify the relationships between neuropsychiatric symptoms, activities of daily living (ADL), caregivers’ fear of patients’ falling and their PA using a path analysis approach. The level of PA among 216 included people with dementia was low. PA was related to the neuropsychiatric symptoms, with ADL and caregivers’ fear of patients’ falling have mediation roles. The findings indicated that person-centered strategies related to the management of these symptoms might be helpful to improve ADL, relieve caregivers’ concerns about them falling and consequently foster positive participation in PA.

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Income Inequality Affects the Psychological Health of Only the People Facing Scarcity

Psychological Science ◽

10.1177/0956797618798620 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 29 (12) ◽

pp. 1911-1921 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Nicolas Sommet ◽

Davide Morselli ◽

Dario Spini

Keyword(s):

Income Inequality ◽

Low Income ◽

Psychological Health ◽

National Income ◽

World Values Survey ◽

Psychological Consequences ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

The People ◽

The World ◽

The Status

Following the status-anxiety hypothesis, the psychological consequences of income inequality should be particularly severe for economically vulnerable individuals. Oddly, however, income inequality is often found to affect vulnerable low-income and advantaged high-income groups equally. We argue that economic vulnerability is better captured by a financial-scarcity measure and hypothesize that income inequality primarily impairs the psychological health of people facing scarcity. First, repeated cross-sectional international data (from the World Values Survey: 146,034 participants; 105 country waves) revealed that the within-country effect of national income inequality on feelings of unhappiness was limited to individuals facing scarcity (≈25% of the World Values Survey population). Second, longitudinal national data (Swiss Household Panel: 14,790 participants; 15,595 municipality years) revealed that the within-life-course effect of local income inequality on psychological health problems was also limited to these individuals (< 10% of the Swiss population). Income inequality by itself may not be a problem for psychological health but, rather, may be a catalyst for the consequences of financial scarcity.

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Correlation of refractive error with axial length and corneal topography

Asian Journal of Ophthalmology ◽

10.35119/asjoo.v15i1.176 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 15 (1) ◽

pp. 25-33

Author(s):

Surabhi Ruia ◽

Poonam Kishore ◽

Vinita Singh ◽

Nitin Chaudhary

Keyword(s):

Negative Correlation ◽

Refractive Error ◽

Axial Length ◽

Corneal Topography ◽

Radius Of Curvature ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Positive Correlation ◽

Study Materials ◽

Group 5 ◽

Group 2

Purpose: To collect and analyze normative data about corneal topography and axial length in various refractive errors in Indian population.Design: Cross-sectional observational study. Materials and Method: Three hundred eyes (150 patients) of age group 12-35 yrs were arranged in 5 groups according to refractive status; Group 1 (n=44): myopia of SphericalEquivalent (SE) > 6 D; Group 2 (n=67): myopia of SE >0.5 D to 6 D; Group 3 (n=88): nearly emmetropic of SE -0.5 D to +0.5 D; Group 4 (n=59): hypermetropia of SE >0.5 to 6 D; Group 5 (n=42): hypermetropia of SE > 6 D. Axial length(AL), central radius of curvature of cornea (CR), central power of cornea (CK) , Al/CR ratio for each group were documented . Correlation with SE and among each other was studied. Results: Mean AL (in mm) of myopic patients (n=111) was 24.23 ± 1.34, emmetropic (n=88) 22.62 ± 0.94 and hypermetropics (n=101) 20.73 ±0.94. Mean CR (in mm) of myopic patients was 7.55 ± 0.35, emmetropics was 7.70 ±0.32, and hypermetropes was 7.99 ±0.35. Mean CK (in D) of myopics was 44.86±2.59, emmetropes was 43.91±1.76, and hypermetropes was 42.32±1.89. Mean AL/CR ratio of myopics was 3.22 ± 0.29, emmetropics 2.94± 0.07, and hypermetropics 2.60 ± 0.19. AL was negatively correlated with SE(r=-0.91, p<0.0001) and positively with AL/CR(r=0.88, p<0.0001) and CK (r=0.36, p<0.0001). CR was negatively correlated with AL/CR (r=-0.74, p<0.0001) while positively correlated with SE (r=0.62, p<0.0001). CK showed positive correlation with AL/CR (r=0.75, p<0.0001) while negative correlation with SE (r=-0.61, p<0.0001). AL/CR was negatively correlated withSE(r=-0.95, p<0.0001). Conclusion: This study showed a negative correlation between axial length and refractive error and between AL/CR ratio and refractive error with stronger inverse relationship in hypermetropes than myopes. There was a positive correlation of CR with SE with a weaker direct relationship in myopes than hypermetropes.

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Clinico-epidemiological profile of acute respiratory infections and malnutrition in urban and rural population of central India

International Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics ◽

10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20164598 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 159

Author(s):

Pranav G. Jawade ◽

Neelam D. Sukhsohale ◽

Gayatri G. Jawade ◽

Binish Z. A. Khan ◽

Pratik K. Kakani ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Rural Population ◽

Urban Population ◽

Respiratory Infections ◽

Severe Acute Malnutrition ◽

Pediatric Population ◽

Central India ◽

Developing Nations ◽

Acute Malnutrition ◽

Acute Respiratory Infections ◽

Cross Sectional

Background: Acute respiratory infections (ARI) and Malnutrition in children have tremendous burden on the health care sector of developing nations including India. The intensity with which these conditions are holding grip in the community is indeed a matter of concern and hence developing nations should develop an insight to assess the severity of it has become a necessity.Methods: A hospital based cross sectional study was carried out in children aged 0-14 years. Children were clinically assessed and diagnosis was made as URTI or LRTI Also anthropometry was performed and accordingly children were divided into categories of no malnutrition (NM), severe acute malnutrition (SAM) and moderate acute malnutrition (MAM) in ‘under 5’ years age children according to WHO guidelines, whereas children aged ‘above 5’ years were categorized as per the IAP guidelines.Results: It was observed that most of the mothers of children were illiterate with inadequate or absent ventilation and use of biomass fuels (chulha) for cooking purpose in households of rural children. The proportion of malnutrition was found to be equal in Under 5 children. In ‘above 5 years’ age study subjects, 52.4% of urban study subjects were normal as compared to 16.7% of rural study subjects.Conclusions: Our study implies that ARI and Malnutrition definitely is more prevalent in the pediatric population. Prevalence of URTI was found to be on a higher side in the rural population and LRTI prevalence was found to be higher in the urban population. Similarly, the prevalence of malnutrition was almost similar in ‘Under 5’ aged children, whereas the prevalence of malnutrition in ‘Above 5’ aged children was higher in the rural population than urban population.

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Nurses Burnout, Resilience, and Its Association With Socio-Demographic Factors During COVID-19 Pandemic

Frontiers in Psychiatry ◽

10.3389/fpsyt.2021.803506 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Majid Heidari Jamebozorgi ◽

Ali Karamoozian ◽

Tayebe Ilaghinezhad Bardsiri ◽

Hojjat Sheikhbardsiri

Keyword(s):

Negative Correlation ◽

Maslach Burnout Inventory ◽

Significant Negative Correlation ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Stressful Events ◽

Personal Accomplishment ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Work Related ◽

Socio Demographic Factors

BackgroundIn the recent pandemic, nurses have faced workload and being exposed to burnout. Resilience helps address work-related psychological problems such as stressful events and burnout. According to the roles of nurses in the healthcare system, we investigated the relationship between resiliency and burnout in nurses.Material and MethodsIn this descriptive analytical cross-sectional study, 364 nurses participated from April to June 2021. Census sampling was used to recruit participants. Maslach burnout inventory (MBI), Connor-Davidson Resiliency Scale (CDRISC), and a demographic check-list were utilized to collect data. Data analysis was done using SPSS version 22. Shapiro-Wilk, Kruskal–Wallis test, Mann–Whitney U-test, correlation analysis, and generalized linear model were applied accordingly.ResultsOverall, the findings showed that nurses had severe symptoms of burnout and a moderate level of resilience. The two domains of burnout, emotional exhaustion and personal accomplishment had a significantly negative correlation with resilience (r = −0.442, p < 0.001 and r = −0.351, p = 0.03, respectively). Linear regression showed that demographic characteristics (Hospital type, ward type, gender, and overtime) were the major predictors of the 3 sub-categories of burnout. A significant negative correlation was observed between burnout and resilience highlighting the role of resilience in reducing burnout (P < 0.05).ConclusionIn order to help nurses to tackle and endure burnout in pandemic times, there is a need to implement national and local policies to help them accordingly.

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Screening of Anxiety and Depression Related CD4 Count of People Living with HIV/AIDS with Anti-Retroviral in Medan, Indonesia

Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences ◽

10.3889/oamjms.2019.396 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 (16) ◽

pp. 2590-2594

Author(s):

Dona Farila Agus ◽

Elmeida Effendy ◽

Vita Camellia

Keyword(s):

Negative Correlation ◽

Depression Scale ◽

Severe Depression ◽

Anxiety And Depression ◽

Depression Symptoms ◽

People Living With Hiv ◽

Depression And Anxiety ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Correlation Strength ◽

Hiv Aids

BACKGROUND: HIV, which causes AIDS, infects the immune system cells, by destroying or damaging the function of the CD4. PLWHA will have twice the risk of experiencing mental health disorders such as depression and anxiety compared with the general population, thereby suppressing immune function, decreasing their quality of life, decreasing the level of adherence to treatment, and contributing significantly to the occurrence of premature death. AIM: To determine the correlation Anxiety and Depression symptoms and CD4 levels in PLWHA who are undergoing Anti-Retroviral treatment at the HIV/AIDS METHODS: The study was a cross-sectional study, which assesses the correlation between Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale scores (HADS) and CD4 levels in PLWHA who are receiving ARV in the HIV/AIDS Special Services Polyclinic Medan Haji general hospital. RESULTS: It was found that the average HADS-A score, PLWHA was 15.286 and the SD ± 2.244. This shows that PLWHA is in moderate to severe anxiety and moderate to severe depression. The mean CD4 level of people with HIV/AIDS/PLWHA was 288.171 and SD ± 88.955. According to WHO criteria, regarding the classification of HIV immunodeficiency in adults, are classified as moderate immunodeficiency. There was a significant correlation between the HADS-A score and CD4 level with a correlation value of r = -0.592 indicating a negative correlation with a moderate correlation strength, and the correlation between HADS-D score and CD4 level. The strength of the relationship between HADS-D score and CD4 level is r = -0.650, shows a negative correlation with strong correlation strength. CONCLUSION: from this study, it was found that there is a relationship between depression and anxiety symptom and CD4 level.

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