IoT based Controlling of Power Grid

An electric network, electric grid, or electricity network is an integrated electricity supply network for producers to consumers. It consists of electricity producing stations. The main objective of this study is to monitor the electricity grid system process, disclose this system at a dangerous level, monitor the current line, and reduce conventional systems expenses. From anywhere on the Internet, we can monitor. We can do it also if a system is enabled or disabled. It uses an electrical microcontroller to monitor a single-phase electrical device using Arduino to read sensor voltage and current and then communicate measured data via a new Android application for wireless monitoring. It enables the monitoring of several basic power quality parameters of basic voltage. The technology also determines the line frequency and power factor.

Sistem Monitoring Penggunaan Beban Pada Proses Pengosongan Baterai 100WP Menggunakan Sensor PZEM-004T

In this study, a prototype tool of plts battery discharge monitoring system was created that aims to facilitate in monitoring plts system, solar panel battery usage monitoring system equipped with arduino microcontroller, current sensor, voltage and power that has been calibrated, so that the data acquisition system integrated in arduino microcontroller based system can be obtained in real time. From the results of the study, according to the microcontroller planner used in this final task is arduino UNO328 and sensor PZEM-004T. This monitoring tool is capable of reading voltage, current, power, cosphi and battery capacity in percent at the time of load supply.

Monitoring of PV Panels and Measurement System for Solar

Solar energy is free to utilize because it is a characteristic perpetual source, which is accessible in a wide assortment of areas on the Earth. In this project, the Photovoltaic (PV) checking and estimation Structure, this is created to know the simple combination of programming and equipment. Since the ease microcontroller utilized in this venture it is exceptionally easy to use. The information of testing Structure the Photovoltaic (PV) is planned by utilizing the light sensor, temperature sensor, voltage sensor, current sensor, Arduino Uno, and Node MCU. The light force is evaluated by utilizing an LDR sensor, voltage is observed by utilizing module by voltage Sensor, the current is observed by utilizing ACS712 current sensor, and temperature is evaluated by utilizing temperature sensor (LM35). To do the measurement in the microcontroller we have taken the values from photovoltaic cell(through the sensors) and all this information are shown on a 20x4 LCD and showed to your cell phone and PC through Node MCU (server blynk).

Tin, Titanium, Tantalum, Vanadium and Niobium Oxide Based Sensors to Detect Colorectal Cancer Exhalations in Blood Samples

User-friendly, low-cost equipment for preventive screening of severe or deadly pathologies are one of the most sought devices by the National Health Services, as they allow early disease detection and treatment, often avoiding its degeneration. In recent years more and more research groups are developing devices aimed at these goals employing gas sensors. Here, nanostructured chemoresistive metal oxide (MOX) sensors were employed in a patented prototype aimed to detect volatile organic compounds (VOCs), exhaled by blood samples collected from patients affected by colorectal cancer and from healthy subjects as a control. Four sensors, carefully selected after many years of laboratory tests on biological samples (cultured cells, human stools, human biopsies, etc.), were based here on various percentages of tin, tungsten, titanium, niobium, tantalum and vanadium oxides. Sensor voltage responses were statistically analyzed also with the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, that allowed the identification of the cut-off discriminating between healthy and tumor affected subjects for each sensor, leading to an estimate of sensitivity and specificity parameters. ROC analysis demonstrated that sensors employing tin and titanium oxides decorated with gold nanoparticles gave sensitivities up to 80% yet with a specificity of 70%.

Solar Powered Low Voltage Pump Display

Water, a major source of life and a treasure of great demand in near future that needs more attention that it is already given. Electricity is another important resource that acts as a basic need to accomplish every single industrial application and new innovations. Our project is a solution that aims to get optimum use of both these resources. While using pumps there are possibilities of wastage of current. Some of the common cases are where the current is drawn from the grid but the water actually doesn’t flow through the pump or the current drawn is comparatively more than the water flowing through pump. The motor works efficiently when both the current drawn from the grid and the water flow through the pipe are same. Our system consists of an LCD which displays the current drawn, voltage and the speed of the water flow. These are detected through current sensor, voltage sensor and water flow sensor. So by looking at the LCD screen we will be able to find out if the current is drawn unnecessarily without the actual flow of water and thereby we can prevent wastage by switching off the motor. The same can be done in the case where more current is drawn for less water. We will find the fault in the motor through this and rectify it. Thus this projects prevents wastage of electricity while using water pumps in industries.

Penentuan Efisiensi Sel Surya Merk Skytec Solar Model Sip-220 dengan Bantuan Software Logger Pro

Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh pembelajaran fisika tentang konversi energi terbarukan khususnya energi surya dan kurangnya informasi tentang materi ini siswa dan guru kurang memahami metode pengukuran untuk mengetahui kualitas pada suatu sel surya terkait efisiensi dan fill factor, sehingga dalam penelitian dibuat buku suplemen untuk memberi informasi dan pemahaman kepada siswa tentang merancang eksperimen dengan memanfaatkan rangkaian pembagi tegangan dan mampu menggunakan software LoggerPro guna mempermudah perhitungan efisiensi sel surya serta memberi informasi baru kepada siswa tetang konversi energi terbarukan khususnya energi surya. Penelitian menggunakan metode eksperimen penentuan efisiensi sel surya merk Skytec Sollar Model Sip-220 dengan memanfaatkan rangkaian pembagi tegangan untuk meminimalkan tegangan maksimum dari sel surya supaya terbaca oleh alat sensor voltage probe dan current probe. Data diambil dari salah satu modul surya polikristal berjumlah 72 sel dengan dimensi 0,987 m x 1,637 m. Intensitas energi cahaya matahari pada saat penelitian 1052 watt. Arus maksimum (Im) dan tegangan maksimum (Vm) diperoleh dari hasil baca oleh software LoggerPro kemudian arus hubungan singkat (Isc) diperoleh dari intercept kurva sedangkan tegangan rangkaian terbuka (Voc) diperoleh dari titik potong kurva serhadap sumbu x, nilai (Isc) dan (Voc) merupakan hasil fitting data tegangan-arus (Vi, Ii) menurut persamaan linier y = ax + b pada Microsoft excel®. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa fill factor yang diperoleh dari masing-masing rangkaian dengan resistor (R1 = 47 Ω, dan R2 = 120 Ω hasilnya adalah 0,416), (R1 = 47 Ω, dan R2 = 122 Ω hasilnya adalah 0,624), (R1 = 47 Ω, dan R2 = 140 Ω hasilnya adalah 0,770), (R1 = 47 Ω, dan R2 = 155 Ω hasilnya adalah 0,777), R1 = 47 Ω, dan R2 = 162 Ω hasilnya adalah 0,769), R1 = 47 Ω, dan R2 = 169 Ω hasilnya adalah 0,773), (R1 = 47 Ω, dan R2 = 184 Ω hasilnya adalah 0,770), (R1 = 47 Ω, dan R2 = 191 Ω hasilnya adalah 0,735), dan (R1 = 47 Ω, dan R2 = 200 Ω hasilnya adalah 0,784), dan rata-rata nilai fill factor nya adalah 0,713 sehingga nilai efisiensi sel surya juga didapat secara berurutan 10,28 %, 13,19 %, 12,66 %, 11,60 %, 11,32 %, 10,78 %, 10,78 %, 10,00 % dan 9,31 % dan nilai rata-rata dari efisiensinya 11,1 %. Naik turunya nilai efisiensi kemungkinan besar sangat berpengaruh terhadap keadaan atau perubahan naik turunya suhu di sekitar modul akibat dari kecepatan angin dan mendung yang tiba-tiba

Parallel Battery Management System for Electric Vehicles

Battery bank comprises of ‘N’ No. of. Battery pack where the required cells are connected in parallel and each pack will be made to connect both in series and parallel combination to attain a required voltage. Multi Secondary Coaxial Winding Transformer is used to maintain the battery in balanced condition. During charging and discharging of battery, each battery pack is connected to the secondary winding of transformer including Electronic Switches, Temperature Sensor, Voltage & Current Sensor. The voltage, current and temperature sensor is used to measure the parameters of each pack, from which the state of the health, state of the charge and temperature of the battery can be calculated. The voltage induced in the primary side is based on the switching frequency & duty cycle of the MOSFET. To compensate the required voltage needed by the load, a boost converter is connected to the system on the primary side of the system where the transformer will be coupled. The output is connected to the inverter that produces power to drive a BLDC motor.

SIMULASI DAN MONITORING KOORDINASI RECLOSER DAN SSO PADA JARINGAN DISTRIBUSI 20 KV PT. PLN (PERSERO) AREA SEMARANG PENYULANG KALISARI 07 BERBASIS ARDUINO MEGA 2560 DAN VT SCADA 11.2

Hanif Zuraida, Heru Winarno, in this article describes the simulation of protection equipment coordination systems, especially in the recloser and sectionalizer areas. Coordination between protective equipment to improve the network reliability system so that in the event of a disturbance, the area affected by the disturbance does not spread widely. The simulation tool is made using OMRON LY2N 12V relay, ULN2803 relay driver circuit, ZMCT103C current sensor, voltage divider voltage sensor, pull down, 12V 6W lamp as a load and several resistors with different resistivity values as interference. Arduino Mega 2560 is used as the central controller for the entire circuit. After the experiment, the results obtained are when the normal network current at the recloser is 0.86 A and the current at the LBS SSO1 is 0.43. The recloser and LBS SSO1 coordination lies in zone 2 and 3 disturbances. When simulated zone 2 interference, the recloser current rises to 1.28 A, causing reclose / trip to lock out recloser. When the recloser feels a fault current in zone 3 of 1.06 A and LBS SSO1 senses a current of 0.64 A. The recloser as protective equipment will open first within 1000 ms after sensing the disturbance. When the recloser opens, the voltage on the SSO will be 0 volts and the SSO will open within 1000 ms after the current and disturbance requirements are met. Then the recloser will close again after 2000 ms from the open condition.

SIMULASI PELIMPAHAN BEBAN SISTEM PMT KOPEL TO KOPEL PADA SAAT PEMELIHARAAN TRAFO BERBASIS ARDUINO MEGA 2560 MENGGUNAKAN VT SCADA 11.2

Mochammad Rizki Samputro, Arkhan Subari in this paper explains that the need for electricity in everyday life demands PT. PLN to always maintain the distribution of electrical energy to customers. Therefore, it is necessary to use a strategy to prevent blackouts if the transformer is being maintained, that is by maneuvering the load through the network or by using a 20 KV coupling system. The 20 KV Coupling System consists of PMT Kopel Transformer 1 and PMT Kopel Transformer 2 or often called PMT Kopel to Kopel. In this research, a Kopel to Kopel PMT simulation tool is used to transfer transformer loads during maintenance using a LY2N DPDT 12 V relay, ZMCT103C current transformer sensor, voltage sensor, tap changer and use Arduino Mega 2560 as a delivery choice change. After the experiment, the total current size of transformer 1 and transformer 2 exceeds the capacity of transformer which is 4.29 A and the voltage difference is 0.71 V (5.9 %). Therefore it is necessary to adjust the current and voltage regulation so that it becomes 2.82 A and 0.06 V (0.5 %). After that the transfer of load Transformer 2 to Transformer 1 using PMT Kopel to Kopel can be done. The load transfer is done by entering the PMT Kopel 1 and PMT Kopel 2 simultaneously and the Incoming 2 PMT is released. For the normalization, PMT Incoming 2 is entered and PMT Kopel 1 and Kopel 2 are released simultaneously.

Perancangan dan Realisasi Pengatur Kadar Garam pada Aquarium Air Laut Berbasis Mikrokontroler ATMEGA16

<p><em>Aquarium sea water is a place to keep the fish that live in sea water. Setting levels of salt in the water is one of the problems that often occur. The intensity of the impact on the salt content of appetite that can lead to stress fish so that the fish will die. This thesis will be made the design and realization of the regulator saline seawater aquarium. The main characteristics of the sensor voltage values salinity is issued is inversely proportional to the value of the water levels are detected. If the salt content the higher the voltage value becomes lower. The sensors used in the form of parallel metal pieces which serves as a detector of the change in resistance. The output of the censor will be the input to the ADC. While calculations using ATmega16 microcontroller and the result is displayed on the LCD. If the value of the salt content of sea water aquarium turned microcontroller ATmega16 control valves salt water and fresh water faucet to stabilize the salinity at a certain value. With this thesis is realized, it is expected to reduce the problems in the maintenance of saltwater fish.</em></p>