Pengolahan Limbah Cair Batik Banten secara Koagulasi Menggunakan Tawas dan Adsorpsi dengan Memanfaatkan Zeolit Alam Bayah

The batik industry produces liquid waste from the coloring, washing and rinsing processes. This study was aimed to analyze the quality of Banten batik effluent before and after treatment. The processing is carried out using an experimental method with a batch system by coagulation using alum and adsorption using Bayah's natural zeolite by performing 3 variations of coagulant mass and adsorbent for the dye test parameters, TDS and TSS. The results of the test before treatment were the results for dyes of 344 TCU, TDS 620 mg/L, and TSS 218.5 mg/L. Based on the coagulation treatment using alum, the most efficient coagulant results were obtained to reduce the levels of dyestuffs and TDS, namely by using alum coagulant as much as 1500 mg/L which resulted in 96.6 TCU and 330.0 mg/L respectively, then to reduce TSS levels obtained an efficient coagulant that is 500 mg/L with a yield of 10 mg/L. The adsorption treatment using Bayah natural zeolite can reduce the levels of TDS and TSS with the most efficient results using an adsorbent of 150 g/L obtained for TDS 189.3 mg/L and TSS 13.3 mg/L. So based on the results of processing using coagulation and adsorption methods, it is hoped that the batik industry can apply it in processing the liquid waste produced.

Unification electrocoagulation-adsorption treatment for removal of COD and surfactant from automobile wastewater

The automobile sectors are an essential field of the service provider circle. The principal eminent impact identified with the vehicle service workshops, is the discharge of used surfactant, engine oil, and washed water into the surface and water bodies. In this context, this study’s objective is to treat the automobile wastewater by unified/combined electrocoagulation-adsorption (ECA) to achieve the permissible removal limits of COD and surfactant. ECA treatment experiments were conducted by varying adsorbent dose, mixing time, and electrolysis time using Box Behnken design model. By performing experiments, the optimum conditions were statistically obtained at ECA time of 25 min, mixing speed of 465 rpm, and adsorbent dosage of 1.81 mg/L for 71.58% COD removal and 77.91% surfactant removal. The outcomes show that the experimental results of this investigation were in good agreement with the model predictions.

Preparation and Characterization of Acid-Activated Bentonite with Binary Acid Solution and Its Use in Decreasing Electrical Conductivity of Tap Water

The characteristics of acid-activated raw bentonite (RB) activated with binary acid solutions sulfuric acid + nitric acid, nitric acid + phosphoric acid, and phosphoric acid + sulfuric acid, at a concentration of 5 mol/L (denoted as 5-SN, 5-NP, and 5-PS), were evaluated. Moreover, its application for improving the electrical conductivity in tap water was demonstrated. Acid activation induced the partial destruction of RB; subsequently, there was a significant release of sodium ions from the RB. In addition, the specific surface area and pore volume of 5-SN, 5-NP, and 5-PS were higher than those of RB. Next, the electrical conductivity when using RB increased with adsorption treatment because sodium ions were released from the RB. However, the electrical conductivity significantly decreased with adsorption treatment when using acid-activated RB. Specifically, magnesium ions, calcium ions, and potassium ions were removed into 5-SN, 5-NP, and 5-PS, and sodium ions were not released from the RB simultaneously. The removal percentage of the electrical conductivity using 5-SN, 5-NP, and 5-PS was approximately 31% to 36%. The results indicated that employing acid-activated RB with a binary acid solution is a useful method for decreasing the electrical conductivity in tap water.

ADSORPTION TREATMENT OF WASTEWATER GENERATED DURING THE DEMERCURIZATION OF MERCURY-CONTAMINATED SOILS

The soils of industrial enterprises operating plants for the production of chlorine and alkali with a mercury cathode are contaminated with mercury. Demercurization of the soil leads to the formation of mercury-containing wastewater. To remove mercury from wastewater, an adsorption method is proposed using a sorbent based on lignin, organochlorine waste, and sodium polysulfide

SEDIMENTATION ANALYSIS OF THE DISPERSED PHASE DURING TREATMENT OF PHENOLIC WASTEWATER OF COKE-CHEMICAL PRODUCTION BY GLAUCONITE

Kinetic regularities of adsorption treatment of phenolic wastewater with glauconite have been revealed. It was found that glauconite at a dose of 2 g/dm3 in combination with a 0.1% solution of cationic flocculant, which provides removal of resinous substances up to 94% for 10 min and phenols up to 20% during 20 min. As a result, the MPC of phenols and resinous substances was achieved at the stage of mechanical treatment of effluents, which are then fed for biochemical processing into aeratanks, which is 415 mg/dm³ and 25 mg/dm3, respectively. The dispersed composition of sediments after treatment of industrial wastewater with glauconite was studied. It was found that the particle radii of the polydisperse system "liquid waste – glauconite" in combination with cationic flocculant were the largest and reached r = 537 mkm, which is twice the maximum polydisperse systems "liquid waste – glauconite" and "liquid waste – glauconite" with an anionic flocculant. Sedimentation analysis showed that the sedimentation time of the sediment decreased from 17 min to 6 min in the system "liquid waste – glauconite" in combination with cationic flocculant and formed a precipitate of loose flakes, which settled quickly. The introduction of a flotation plant with a dosage of natural glauconite 2 g/dm3 in combination with a 0.1% solution of cationic flocculant at industrial treatment facilities is proposed. Engineering solutions will improve the quality of wastewater supplied for coke quenching and will make it possible to transport and dispose of sludge after waste treatment with glauconite, which is planned to be used as a raw material for the manufacture of pavements in asphalt plants.

Optimization and qualitative comparison of two vinasse pre-treatments aiming at microalgae cultivation

ABSTRACT The cultivation of microalgae is a possible destination for vinasse, a residue from the sugar and alcohol industry. This use can help reduce the costs of microalgae production and remediate this residue rich in nutrients. However, the physicochemical characteristics of vinasse limit its use for microalgae growth at low concentrations, except when the residue is pretreated. This work aimed at optimizing the vinasse pretreatments of centrifugation and adsorption by smectite clay and activated charcoal on laboratory scale in terms of amounts of materials used and time spent, making them more viable on larger scales. The optimized processes were then compared in productive, economic, and environmental terms. The dilution of treated vinasse with distilled water resulted in similar growth of Chlorella vulgaris to those obtained with the dilution in BG11 medium, indicating that the addition of nutrients in culture media is not necessary. Although microalgae growth occurs in higher concentrations of vinasse treated by adsorption, the results show that centrifugation required less processing time, has cheaper processing costs, and generated much less residue. Centrifugation treatment has greater economic and environmental viabilities and was more sustainable than the adsorption, even though the algae did not grow in the centrifuged residue in concentrations as high as it did after the adsorption treatment. Therefore, this article brings a new view about the economic and environmental aspects on the use of pretreated vinasse for microalgal growth, giving a lucrative destination for a highly polluting waste.

Adsorption Treatment Izopentane from Dimethyl Sulfide

The adsorption capacity of a number of zeolites during the purification of the n-hexane + dimethyl sulfide model mixture from dimethyl sulfide was studied. Under the selected conditions (21–24°C, flow rate of the model mixture —120 ml/h, adsorbent volume — 50 ml) ultra-stable zeolite exhibits the greatest sulfur capacity 2.3% by weight.