Unification electrocoagulation-adsorption treatment for removal of COD and surfactant from automobile wastewater

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (9) ◽  
pp. 961-968
Author(s):  
Chandrakant Thakur
Keyword(s):  
Mixing Time ◽  
Engine Oil ◽  
Electrolysis Time ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Box Behnken Design ◽  
Model Predictions ◽  
Adsorption Treatment ◽  
Surfactant Removal ◽  
Adsorbent Dose ◽  
Good Agreement

Abstract The automobile sectors are an essential field of the service provider circle. The principal eminent impact identified with the vehicle service workshops, is the discharge of used surfactant, engine oil, and washed water into the surface and water bodies. In this context, this study’s objective is to treat the automobile wastewater by unified/combined electrocoagulation-adsorption (ECA) to achieve the permissible removal limits of COD and surfactant. ECA treatment experiments were conducted by varying adsorbent dose, mixing time, and electrolysis time using Box Behnken design model. By performing experiments, the optimum conditions were statistically obtained at ECA time of 25 min, mixing speed of 465 rpm, and adsorbent dosage of 1.81 mg/L for 71.58% COD removal and 77.91% surfactant removal. The outcomes show that the experimental results of this investigation were in good agreement with the model predictions.

scholarly journals Optimization of Fenton Technology for Recalcitrant Compounds and Bacteria Inactivation

Catalysts ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1483
Author(s):  
Pablo Salgado ◽  
José Luis Frontela ◽  
Gladys Vidal
Keyword(s):  
Regression Coefficient ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Main Process ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Box Behnken Design ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Bacteria Inactivation ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Good Agreement

In this work, the Fenton technology was applied to decolorize methylene blue (MB) and to inactivate Escherichia coli K12, used as recalcitrant compound and bacteria models respectively, in order to provide an approach into single and combinative effects of the main process variables influencing the Fenton technology. First, Box–Behnken design (BBD) was applied to evaluate and optimize the individual and interactive effects of three process parameters, namely Fe2+ concentration (6.0 × 10−4, 8.0 × 10−4 and 1.0 × 10−3 mol/L), molar ratio between H2O2 and Fe2+ (1:1, 2:1 and 3:1) and pH (3.0, 4.0 and 5.0) for Fenton technology. The responses studied in these models were the degree of MB decolorization (D%MB), rate constant of MB decolorization (kappMB) and E. coli K12 inactivation in uLog units (IuLogEC). According to the results of analysis of variances all of the proposed models were adequate with a high regression coefficient (R2 from 0.9911 to 0.9994). BBD results suggest that [H2O2]/[Fe2+] values had a significant effect only on D%MB response, [Fe2+] had a significant effect on all the responses, whereas pH had a significant effect on D%MB and IuLogEC. The optimum conditions obtained from response surface methodology for D%MB ([H2O2]/[Fe2+] = 2.9, [Fe2+] = 1.0 × 10−3 mol/L and pH = 3.2), kappMB ([H2O2]/[Fe2+] = 1.7, [Fe2+] = 1.0 × 10−3 mol/L and PH = 3.7) and IuLogEC ([H2O2]/[Fe2+] = 2.9, [Fe2+] = 7.6 × 10−4 mol/L and pH= 3.2) were in good agreement with the values predicted by the model.

scholarly journals Optimization of process variables for phyllanthin extraction from Phyllanthus amarus leaves by supercritical fluid using a Box-Behnken experimental design followed by HPLC identification

2013 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 193-207 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ajit A. Patil ◽  
Sachin S. Bhusari ◽  
Devanand B. Shinde ◽  
Pravin S. Wakte
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Hplc Analysis ◽  
Extraction Time ◽  
Phyllanthus Amarus ◽  
Process Variables ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Box Behnken Design ◽  
Assisted Extraction ◽  
Predicted Values ◽  
Good Agreement

The response surface methodology using the Box-Behnken design was established to describe supercritical carbon dioxide assisted extraction of phyllanthin from Phyllanthus amarus Schum and Thonn leaves prior to HPLC analysis. The effects of extraction pressure, temperature, modifier concentration and extraction time on the yield of phyllanthin were investigated. By solving the regression equation, the optimum conditions were as follows: extraction pressure 23.2 MPa, temperature 40 °C, methanol as modifier at a concentration of 10 % and time 90 min. Under these conditions, the phyllanthin yield was 12.83 ± 0.28 mg g-1, which was in good agreement with the predicted values. Modifier concentration and extraction time showed a significant effect on the phyllanthin yield.

One-Step Fabrication of Three Metals Zif and its Application for Adsorption of Levofloxacin in Aqueous Solution

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. 933-946
Author(s):  
Abdolraouf Samadi-Maybodi ◽  
Afshin Rahmati
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Suitable Model ◽  
Optimal Conditions ◽  
Zeolitic Imidazolate Frameworks ◽  
Box Behnken Design ◽  
One Step ◽  
Adsorbent Dose ◽  
Good Agreement ◽  
Significant Factors

Background: Zeolitic imidazolate frameworks with three metals Zn, Co and Ag (ZIF-3M) and ZIF-67 were synthesized at room temperature and characterized with different techniques such as FESEM, BET, EDX and XRD. Then, the synthesized nanoparticles were successfully applied for the removal of levofloxacin from aqueous solutions. Methods: To optimize the significant factors (i.e., pH, adsorbent dose and contact time), the response surface methodology (RSM) was implemented based on Box-Behnken design (BBD) in each step, an appropriate amount of adsorbent was added to 30 ppm of a solution containing levofloxacin and the pH was adjusted to the desired value with 0.1 M HCl or 0.1 M NaOH. The mixture was stirred at room temperature and then centrifuged at 7500 rpm for 3 min. Results: The optimal conditions for each variable were performed using Box-Behnken design. Results revealed that ZIF-3M nanoparticles more efficiently remove levofloxacin than ZIF-67 in aqueous solution. Conclusion: In this research, new three metals ZIF (ZIF-3M) nanoparticles were synthesized with Ag, Zn and Co in aqueous solution and characterized by different techniques. Results indicated successful synthesis with preserving ZIF framework. Results indicated that ZIF-3M has more ability for the removal of levofloxacin than ZIF-67. Isotherm studies showed that the most suitable model for the adsorption of levofloxacin onto ZIF-3M has a good agreement with the Langmuier model.

Rigid-Plastic Impact of Single Angular Particles

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandeep Dhar
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Finite Element Model ◽  
Element Model ◽  
Orientation Dependence ◽  
Particle Orientation ◽  
Rigid Plastic ◽  
Plastic Model ◽  
Model Predictions ◽  
Good Agreement ◽  
Angular Particles

The trajectory of an angular particle as it cuts a ductile target is, in general, complicated because of its dependence not only on particle shape, but also on particle orientation at the initial instant of impact. This orientation dependence has also made experimental measurement of impact parameters of single angular particles very difficult, resulting in a relatively small amount of available experimental data in the literature. The current work is focused on obtaining measurements of particle kinematics for comparison to rigid plastic model developed by Papini and Spelt. Fundamental mechanisms of material removal are identified, and measurements of rebound parameters and corresponding crater dimensions of single hardened steel particles launched against flat aluminium alloy targets are presented. Also a 2-D finite element model is developed and a dynamic analysis is performed to predict the erosion mechanism. Overall, a good agreement was found among the experimental results, rigid-plastic model predictions and finite element model predictions.

Viscosity Models Based on Network Theory for Polymer Melts

2010 ◽  
Vol 129-131 ◽  
pp. 1244-1247
Author(s):  
Hai Hang Xu ◽  
Lei Zhong
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Kinetic Equation ◽  
Constitutive Equation ◽  
Polymer Composites ◽  
Network Theory ◽  
Polymer Melts ◽  
Structure Parameter ◽  
Viscosity Models ◽  
Model Predictions ◽  
Good Agreement

New shear and extensional viscosity models based on Fredrickson kinetic equation coupled with Dewitt constitutive equation were established to predict viscosities of polymer melts. The experimental data of 125°C LDPE and LDPE filled with 35% glass beads reported from references were compared with the model predictions. The predictions showed good agreement with the measurements. The models are simple and easy to use. Because they contain no structure parameter, they are capable to describe the viscosities of pure polymer and polymer composites.

Modeling the Effect of Water Activity, pH, and Temperature on the Probability of Enterotoxin A Production by Staphylococcus aureus

2016 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
pp. 148-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
TIAN DING ◽  
YAN-YAN YU ◽  
CHENG-AN HWANG ◽  
QING-LI DONG ◽  
SHI-GUO CHEN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Water Activity ◽  
Storage Temperature ◽  
Probability Model ◽  
Toxin Production ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Model Predictions ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Storage Temperatures ◽  
Good Agreement

ABSTRACT The objectives of this study were to develop a probability model of Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxin A (SEA) production as affected by water activity (aw), pH, and temperature in broth and assess its applicability for milk. The probability of SEA production was assessed in tryptic soy broth using 24 combinations of aw (0.86 to 0.99), pH (5.0 to 7.0), and storage temperature (10 to 30°C). The observed probabilities were fitted with a logistic regression to develop a probability model. The model had a concordant value of 97.5% and concordant index of 0.98, indicating that the model satisfactorily describes the probability of SEA production. The model showed that aw, pH, and temperature were significant factors affecting the probability of toxin production. The model predictions were in good agreement with the observed values obtained from milk. The model may help manufacturers in selecting product pH and aw and storage temperatures to prevent SEA production.

A Study of Abrasive Jet Micro-Grooving of Quartz Crystals

2010 ◽  
Vol 443 ◽  
pp. 645-651 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alireza Moridi ◽  
Jun Wang ◽  
Yasser M. Ali ◽  
Philip Mathew ◽  
Xiao Ping Li
Keyword(s):  
Predictive Models ◽  
Deep Understanding ◽  
Machining Process ◽  
Micro Machining ◽  
Machining Performance ◽  
Quartz Crystals ◽  
Abrasive Jet Machining ◽  
Model Predictions ◽  
Micro Grooving ◽  
Good Agreement

Owing to its various distinct advantages over the other machining technologies, abrasive jet machining has become a promising machining technology for brittle and hard-to-machine materials. An experimental study is presented on the micro-grooving of quartz crystals using an abrasive airjet. The effect of the various process parameters on the major machining performance measures are analysed to provide a deep understanding of this micro-machining process. Predictive models are then developed for quantitatively estimating the machining performance. The models are finally verified by an experiment. It shows that the model predictions are in good agreement with the experimental results under the corresponding conditions.

Rapid Determination of Sulfite by Flow Injection Analysis Based on Fuchsin′s Addition

2013 ◽  
Vol 295-298 ◽  
pp. 950-953 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dong Yuan ◽  
Da You Fu ◽  
Wen Yuan Tan
Keyword(s):  
Flow Injection ◽  
Addition Reaction ◽  
Rapid Determination ◽  
Sampling Rate ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Linear Calibration ◽  
Relative Standard ◽  
Replicate Measurements ◽  
Good Agreement

A rapid spectrophotometric method for flow injection determination of sulfite in tan wastewater is described. The proposed method was based on the addition reaction of sulfite with fuchsin in Na2B4O7-NaOH medium. The optimum conditions allow a linear calibration range of 0.01-1.20 μg ml-1 SO32-. The detection limit is 0.0023μg ml-1 (S/N=3), and the relative standard deviation for night replicate measurements is 1.1% for 0.5μg ml-1 of sulfite. The sampling rate is 60 samples h-1. The procedure has been applied to the determination of sulfite in tan wastewater. The results were in good agreement with those obtained by pararosaniline method.

A Control Strategy and Upper Bound Solution for Non-Flat Tool Open Die Forging Automation

1999 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. J. Nye
Keyword(s):  
Control Strategy ◽  
Upper Bound ◽  
Sequence Generation ◽  
Bound Solution ◽  
Upper Bound Solution ◽  
Die Forging ◽  
Strategy Model ◽  
Model Predictions ◽  
Open Die Forging ◽  
Good Agreement

Abstract The open die forging process can provide a number of benefits if its costs can be made competitive through automation. This paper describes a control strategy for automated open die forging forming sequence generation. An upper bound solution for forging with radiused tools is developed, along with a method for using this solution to estimate forming results, a necessary component of the control strategy. Model predictions are compared to physical experimental data using plasticine, and show good agreement.

scholarly journals Removal of Fluoride from Drinking Water by Sorption Using Diatomite Modified with Aluminum Hydroxide

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tesfaye Akafu ◽  
Achalu Chimdi ◽  
Kefyalew Gomoro
Keyword(s):  
Aluminum Hydroxide ◽  
Contact Time ◽  
Fluoride Concentration ◽  
Freundlich Isotherm ◽  
Intraparticle Diffusion ◽  
Fluoride Removal ◽  
Contaminated Water ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Intraparticle Diffusion Model ◽  
Adsorbent Dose

Exposure to fluoride beyond the recommended level for longer duration causes both dental and skeletal fluorosis. Thus, the development of cost-effective, locally available, and environmentally benign adsorbents for fluoride removal from contaminated water sources is absolutely required. In the present study, diatomaceous earth (diatomite) locally available in Ethiopia, modified by treating it with an aluminum hydroxide solution, was used as an adsorbent for fluoride removal from aqueous solutions. Adsorption experiments were carried out by using batch contact method. The adsorbent was characterized using FT-IR spectroscopy. Effects of different parameters affecting efficiency of fluoride removal such as adsorbent dose, contact time, initial fluoride concentration, and pH were investigated and optimized. The optimum adsorbent dose, contact time, initial fluoride concentration, and pH values were 25 g/L, 180 min, 10 mg/L, and 6.7, respectively. The performance of the adsorbent was also tested under optimum conditions using groundwater samples taken from Hawassa and Ziway. Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models were applied to describe the equilibrium data. Compared to Langmuir isotherm (R2 = 0.888), the Freundlich isotherm (R2 = 0.985) model was better fitted to describe the adsorption characteristics of fluoride on Al-diatomite. The Langmuir maximum adsorption capacity was 1.67 mg/g. The pseudosecond-order model was found to be more suitable than the pseudofirst-order to describe the adsorption kinetics. The low correlation coefficient value of R2 = 0.596 for the intraparticle diffusion model indicates that the intraparticle diffusion model does not apply to the present studied adsorption system. The maximum fluoride removal was observed to be 89.4% under the optimum conditions which indicated that aluminum hydroxide-modified diatomite can be used as efficient, cheap, and ecofriendly adsorbents for the removal of fluoride from contaminated water.

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