Helping students to get better grades in mathematics at the elementary level

The current study is conducted to explore the learning potential of students at the elementary level by using the scaffolding technique. The study aimed to measure the efficiency of the scaffolding teaching method provided to the students at the elementary level. As it was an experimental study, so, no population was defined. The sample was selected from Gov. Girls Higher Secondary SchoolModel Town A, Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan. All 6th classes of this school were included to analyze the effect of scaffolding as an intervention. Retention of learning after 3 months, the provision of scaffolding in comparison to the traditional method was assessed. After the posttest, there was a retention test as the final test from all four groups. Solomon's four-group design was used for this experiment in which there were 40 students in each group and 160 total participants. In the current study, Pretest, posttest, and after 3months retention test was conducted as research tools. To analyze the data, SPSS version 20 one-sample t-test were used to analyze the data. The Data revealed that scaffolding was proved to be a better strategy compared to the control group. Even the results of retention of learning skills were higher than the control group. Students showed good understanding, remembering, and better-solving processes in experimental groups. Study recommended that scaffolding teaching needs a highly structured supervised environment and may be conducted in controlled conditions. It is recommended that in teacher education, the prospective teachers may be prepared in the principles, procedures, and rules of scaffolding. A due consideration may be given to teaching strategies in all teacher education programs in the country as it is an innovative and progressive way of teaching.

Malaysian ESL Teachers’ Practice of Written Feedback on Students’ Writing

Feedback to students’ writing plays an important role as a scaffolding technique to help the students to improve their writing skills. With the introduction of school-based assessment and the Common European Framework of Reference (CEFR) into the new Standards-based English Language Curriculum (SBELC), teachers are expected to adapt the process writing approach in their classroom, where feedback is at the core of the process writing approach. This present study aims to explore Malaysian ESL teachers’ practice of written feedback in their writing classrooms. Two sample essays were used in this study. The sample essays were written by a Form Three student of a secondary school in Kuantan, Pahang, and a Form Five student from a secondary school in Manjung, Perak.The sample essays were sent to all secondary schools in Pahang, and teachers who teach the English Language at the schools were asked to mark the essay as how they would normally mark their students’ essays. The participants of this study were selected using purposive sampling. A total of 89 student sample essays with the teachers’ marking were returned, and the teachers’ feedback were analysed. This study found that most of the participants mark their students’ essays comprehensively and implicitly. However, some of the respondents did not give any feedback at all, and even if they did, the feedback would be retracted from the marking rubric. It has also been found that the respondents of this present study did not utilise comments on goals to work towards or specific activities for improvement. This paper further discusses the findings in view of the assessment of learning (AfL) and gives recommendations for future practice.

Problem-Based Learning Model in Classroom Management with Scaffolding Techniques on Learning Outcomes and Student Independence

There are still many students who get scores below the average. It is because students have difficulty in learning. This study examines the effect of problem-based learning models with scaffolding techniques, the effect of independent learning on student learning outcomes, and the level of differences in learning outcomes between students who apply problem-based learning models and problem-based learning models with scaffolding techniques rather than conventional learning models. This study uses a quantitative research type with a quasi-experimental design with a 3 x 3 factorial design, using a Nonequevalent control group design (pretest-posttest). The sample in this study amounted to 77 students. The study was conducted using quantitative data obtained from questionnaires and surveys. The instrument used to collect data is a questionnaire. The techniques used to analyze the data are qualitative descriptive analysis, quantitative, and inferential statistics. The study results are significant differences between the Problem Based Learning learning model with the Scaffolding technique with the conventional learning model of student independence in learning, and student learning outcomes are dominant in the application of problem-based learning. It can be concluded that the application of the Problem Based Learning model with the Scaffolding technique obtains the best learning outcomes when compared to other learning models.

THE EFFECT OF SCAFFOLDING TECHNIQUE ON STUDENTS’ WRITING COMPETENCY

ABSTRACTBecause of Covid 19 pandemic, learning is done in online mode by using various online learning platform. This study aims at investigating the effect of scaffolding technique on students’ writing competency in online learning. To run this research, 60 eleventh grade students of SMAN 1 Sukasada in the academic year 2020/2021 were chosen as the samples. This research applied nonequivalent control group design in which there were two groups compared, namely: scaffolding technique and conventional technique. The data of writing competency were collected by using performance test which were then scored by using analytical scoring rubric. The collected data were then analyzed by using independent sample t test. This research shows that there is no significant effect of Scaffolding technique on students’ writing competency with probability value of 0.606 (p>0,05).Keywords: Scaffolding technique, writing competency, skills

A USING EDMODO AS SCAFFOLDING TECHNIQUE IN SMK MASUDIRINI FOR 10th GRADE STUDENTS ON TEACHING WRITING SKILL IN ACADEMIC YEAR 2019/2020

Many studies have been conducted on the application of Edmodo in the classroom. However research on Edmodo as a scaffolding technique in teaching English for a vocational school has been rarely found. This research aims at investigating the implementation of Edmodo as a scaffolding technique in teaching writing in English as a Foreign language. The purpose is to investigate whether there is a significant difference on the writing competencies of the students before and after using Edmodo. The study employed pretest and posttest design. The sample was 39 students of the tenth grade of SMK Masudirini in the academic year of 2019/2020, and all of them were selected as the sample of the study. The data were collected by observing the teachers and students’ activities, interviewing, and using pretest and posttest. The results of the test were analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively. Quantitative data were analyzed using t-test. The result indicated that the students can learn using Edmodo as a scaffolding technique in creating narrative texts. It was found that there was a significant difference on the writing competencies of the students before and after using Edmodo. This implied that Edmodo has been successfully used as scaffolding technique in teaching narrative text in English. It can be concluded that the application of Edmodo is not only effective for teaching writing in English through online learning platform but also promote the 21st century learning in vocational high school in Bali.

EFEKTIVITAS TEKNIK SCAFFOLDING TERHADAP PEMBELAJARAN MENULIS TEKS DESKRIPSI KELAS V SDN 3 SUKAMANAH

This research is motivated by the low understanding of students in describing objects, the low understanding of the use of punctuation points and commas and the lack of continuity of one sentence with another. In the Indonesian language learning process, various learning techniques are needed, therefore the Scaffolding learning technique is expected to give effectiveness to the learning outcomes of students. In general, the Scaffolding technique is used to involve students taking an active and independent role in doing the given task. The purpose of this research was carried out to describe the effectiveness of the Scaffolding technique in Indonesian language description learning and learning outcomes using the Scaffolding technique. The location of this research is SDN 3 Sukamanah, Cipedes District, Tasikmalaya City. The sampling technique used was saturated sampling. The data collection used was the observation sheet and the pretest and posttest question writing instruments descriptions. The results of this study are that the average pretest value is 51.76 and the average posttest score is 83.10. Based on the N-gain test using the One Sample T-Test produces a sig value. (2-tailed) of 0,000 in accordance with the sig value testing criteria. (2-tailed) <0.05, then Ha is accepted. The conclusion of this study is that there is a significant effectiveness of using Scaffolding techniques on the learning outcomes of writing descriptions in Indonesian.Keywords: Scaffolding; Learning; Description Text. Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektivitas teknik Scaffolding pada pembelajaran menulis teks deskripsi dan prestasi belajar siswa. Pada umumnya teknik Scaffolding digunakan untuk melibatkan peserta didik perperan aktif dan mandiri dalam mengerjakan tugas yang diberikan. Tujuan dilaksanakan penelitian ini untuk mendeskripsikan keefektifan teknik Scaffolding pada pembelajaran deskripsi bahasa Indonesia dan hasil pembelajaran menggunakan teknik Scaffolding. Lokasi penelitian ini di SDN 3 Sukamanah Kecamatan Cipedes Kota Tasikmalaya. Teknik pengambilan sampel yang digunakan adalah sampling jenuh. Pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah lembar observasi dan instrumen soal pretest dan posttest menulis deskripsi. Hasil penelitian ini adalah di dapat rata-rata nilai pretest 51,76 dan rata-rata nilai posttest 83,10. Berdasarkan uji N-gain menggunakan One Sampel T-Test menghasilkan nilai sig. (2-tailed) sebesar 0,000 sesuai dengan kriteria pengujian nilai sig. (2-tailed) < 0,05, maka Ha diterima. Kesimpulan penelitian ini adalah terdapat keefektifan yang signifikan penggunaan teknik Scaffolding pada hasil pembelajaran menulis deskripsi bahasa Indonesia.Kata Kunci: Scaffolding; Pembelajaran; Teks Deskripsi.

IMPROVING STUDENTS’ WRITING SKILL BY USING SCAFFOLDING TECHNIQUE TO THE SEVENTH GRADERS OF SMP BOPKRI GODEAN

The background of the study was based on the phenomenon at the seventh graders of the SMP BOPRI Godean. Learning English especially writing skill were still low in mastering vocabulary, sentence structure, and paragraph organizing. The research aimed (1) to analyze the students’ writing by using scaffolding technique; (2) to describe the improvement of the students’ writing skill by using scaffolding technique; and (3) to find out the students’ interests in writing skill by using scaffolding technique. To solve the problem, the researcher conducted Classroom Action Research and applied scaffolding technique in teaching English to improve student’s ability in writing skill. The participants of this research were the 14 students of the seventh graders of SMP BOPKRI Godean. In this study, the researcher conducted a scaffolding technique of teaching writing descriptive text in three cycles by using scaffolding model adapted from Silvia Read. The five steps in scaffolding technique by Silvia Read were inquiry, modeling, shared, collaborative, and independent. The researcherexpected that the students could improve their writing skill by using the scaffolding technique and interested in English writing skill. The result of this study was showed by pre-test and post-test. In pre-test, the students’ average score was 49, whereas in the students’ post-test cycle one, the students’ average score was 64. In the second cycle, the students’ average score was 75.9. Finally, the researcher could conclude that the result of this research showed an improvement of the students’ writing skills by using scaffolding technique.

Peer Scaffolding in Promoting Critical Thinking Engagement

This study investigates the potential of the peer scaffolding technique in promoting students’ critical thinking engagement. It was conducted using a quantitative descriptive research design. A problem-solving approach was applied in designing the learning activities in Facebook. The Facebook discussion transcripts were analysed using content analysis and social network analysis techniques. The findings showed that offering feedback and offering opinion from the Content dimension were the dominant types of peer scaffolding techniques among students, whereas, for students’ critical thinking engagement, Clarification was the dominant level. Meanwhile, the correlation analysis showed a high and significant relationship between the peer scaffolding applied and the level of critical thinking engagement, compared to the peer scaffolding received and the level of critical thinking engagement. The peer scaffolding patterns applied in promoting high levels of critical thinking engagement were offering cues and offering explanations. In conclusion, peer scaffolding techniques should be utilised in learning, as they encourage students to enhance their critical thinking engagement through the interaction process.

Inquiry-Scaffolding Learning Model: Its Effect on Critical Thinking Skills and Conceptual Understanding

This study aimed to examine the effect of inquiry-scaffolding on critical thinking skills and conceptual understanding. The research design used was a mixed-method embedded experimental model. The samples were 64 students. Two-way ANOVA test results for critical thinking skills and conceptual understanding are the same, where the significance value of the learning model = 0.00 (smaller than the alpha value of 0.05). It means that there are differences in critical thinking skills and conceptual understanding of students who learn by inquiry-scaffolding models ( IS) with conventional models. The interaction value between the learning model and the initial ability to critical thinking skills (CTS) is 0.502, while the conceptual understanding is 0.788. It means that there is no interaction between the learning model and the initial ability to CTS, or conceptual understanding. The results of advanced tests with the Tukey test prove that CTS and the conceptual understanding of students with high ability who experience learning with IS are higher than students with high ability in conventional learning. The same thing also applies to students with low initial ability. Thus, it was concluded that the learning model with an inquiry-based scaffolding technique was superior in improving CTS and conceptual understanding, on students with high and low initial abilities. Therefore, this technique can be used in other learning by using different moderator variables