scholarly journals LABOR MARKET OF UKRAINE IN CONDITIONS OF SYSTEM CRISIS

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (36) ◽  
pp. 496-503
Author(s):  
N. Yurchuk ◽  
H. Leshchuk ◽  
O. Tkachenko ◽  
A. Kotenok ◽  
D. Cherviakova
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Business Community ◽  
Market Model ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Government Officials ◽  
Flexible Response ◽  
The World ◽  
Labor Resources ◽  
National Labor Market

The study deals with identifying trends in the labor market in Ukraine, which is significantly influenced by threatening external and internal factors. The authors prove in the article that the incentives to reform this market today are significantly weakened by the negative effects of the crisis, which covers all spheres of life — from the economy to health care. It was found that the negative trends of the world and national markets contribute to the decline in the quality of human capital of labor resources, worsen the structure of the national labor market. The multi-vector nature of the crisis leads to the formation of a multiplicative effect — its various aspects increase the influence of each other. As a result, the negative pressure of the crisis factors on the national labor market is increasing with growing pace. The authors prove that the old extensive approach of managers to the use of labor resources of Ukraine has outlived itself. The existing model and approaches to its reform given the current scale of threatening trends do not meet the criteria of effectiveness. Ukraine needs a new labor market model. The efforts of government officials and the influence of the business community should be aimed at forming a model whose goals will be: stabilizing the economic, social and political situation in Ukraine, reducing the risk of uncontrolled growth of social tensions, forming a flexible response to neutralize the effects of the crisis. It is pointed out that the lack or even slowdown of the reaction to the existing negative tendencies inherent in the labor market in Ukraine can cause significant and drastic social and political changes. The originality of the article is stipulated by the need to identify labor market trends under the influence of the crisis and the situation on the world labor market, identify factors that lead to the consolidation of an extensive labor market model in a permanent crisis, identify factors that contribute to this and negative consequences for the economy.

scholarly journals Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the production and sales of cars in the world

2021 ◽  
pp. 63-70
Author(s):  
Inna Shevchenko ◽  
Illia Dmytriiev ◽  
Oksana Dmytriieva
Keyword(s):  
Automotive Industry ◽  
Global Financial Crisis ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
The Past ◽  
The World ◽  
The Global Financial Crisis ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Insight Into

Problem. The global automotive industry has already had an experience of recovery from the global financial crisis of 2008, but the pandemic crisis of 2020 is quite different in nature and pattern of progress: in recent history it has had no analogues and it will be premature to state its completion. Therefore, it is important to determine the impact of the pandemic on the production and sale of cars in order to overcome the negative consequences. To address this issue, the article identifies the sensitivity of this subsector of mechanical engineering to destructive changes in the environment; an analysis of changes in the volume of production and sales of cars by countries of the world over the past period has been made. Goal. The aim of the work is to determine the destructive consequences and trends of the COVID-19 pandemic impact on the global automotive industry, namely the production and sale of cars. Methodology. To determine the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, a vertical and horizontal analysis of car production and sales in the world has been conducted. Results. The results of the analysis allowed the authors to group the countries of the world by the destructive effects of the pandemic crisis of 2020 for the automotive industry. Originality. The carried out classification of countries by the destructive effects of the COVID-19 pandemic provided an opportunity to gain insight into its impact on the automotive industry, in particular on the production and sale of cars. Practical value. The obtained results can be recommended to identify further ways to overcome the negative effects of the COVID-19 pandemic in the automotive industry.

Global trends of labor market transformation

2020 ◽  
pp. 84-91
Author(s):  
V.A. Gnevasheva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Full Employment ◽  
Decent Work ◽  
Social Significance ◽  
Theoretical Understanding ◽  
Global Trends ◽  
Global Challenge ◽  
Rational Distribution ◽  
The World ◽  
Labor Resources

Presented is the analysis of modern labor market, forming under influence of multiple factors. The conditions of the external global challenge put the labor market in need of transformation, sometimes in contrast to the economically rational distribution of the labor factor and with the depreciation of the social significance of the use of labor resources. Inequality and the widespread deficit of decent work lead not only to economic inefficiencies, but also to a decline in social cohesion within countries. At the same time, the main goals of the strategic development of the labor market, such as: full employment and an increase in the standard of living, remain significant, and it is necessary to direct the efforts of governments, workers, employers and their associations. The emerging global trends of the world labor market pose a number of problematic issues for solving both at the level of national markets and on the world labor market together with international organizations in the framework of the global dialogue. The article provides a comprehensive analysis of the existing features of the distribution of labor and employment at the level of the world labor market, with the justification of such trends that are significant for issues of modern optimization of labor use, such as decent work, underemployment, structural unemployment, gender asymmetry, professional segregation, structural inflation, youth segment of labor market. All the phenomena under consideration are of a pronounced character both on the world and national labor market and require additional theoretical understanding and empirical assessment.

Przebranżowienie i nowe wyzwania kompetencyjne na rynku pracy dla osób w średnim wieku (dla osób 45+)

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (16) ◽  
pp. 205-216
Author(s):  
Izabela Podobas
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Work Environment ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Older Employees ◽  
Aging Populations ◽  
Important Challenge ◽  
Production Techniques ◽  
Labor Resources ◽  
Effects Of Aging

Demographic changes, and in particular the aging of the population, affect the changing needs of the labor market. Many reports and analysis indicate that it is a very important challenge for both governments and employers to activate people aged 45+, prepare them for retirement and longer activities, acquire new qualifications and competencies and compete with young people. It is all about adapting older employees to function within the changing ways of innovative production techniques and methods, so that they can remain productive in the work environment for as long as possible. It should be assumed that people over 45 years of age by investing in their own professional development will become more competitive in the labor market and thus will not allow marginalization and stigmatization of this age group. Initiatives limiting the negative effects of aging populations and contraction of labor resources as well as the elimination of unemployment among people over 45, including training, improving their competences or retraining, are very important here.

scholarly journals State regulation of Ukraine's foreign trade in a global pandemic

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (9) ◽  
pp. 86-97
Author(s):  
Olena Honcharenko ◽  
Olha Diachenko ◽  
Nataliia Bykova-Fedorchuk
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Trade ◽  
Trade Policy ◽  
World Economy ◽  
Economic Incentives ◽  
State Regulation ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Trade Restrictions ◽  
The World ◽  
The Government

The COVID-19 pandemic has caused problems in all sectors of the world economy. There is no doubt that the pandemic will have far-reaching negative consequences for the world economy, including Ukraine. It is established that in January-September 2020, exports of Ukrainian goods decreased by almost 6%, imports – by 19%. Exports maintained large harvests of grain and oilseeds. Monitoring of changes in trade policy in the context of the spread of COVID-19 allowed to identify groups of countries that have introduced restrictive measures in trade policy: in 24 countries no export-import restrictions were introduced, in 19 countries indirect measures were implemented to protect the economy. To offset the negative effects on business, governments are developing aid packages to support it. These are mainly the following instruments: loans at reduced rates, the grace period for the payment of tax liabilities, cash grants. It was established that only some developing countries impose temporary foreign trade restrictions to avoid shortages in the domestic market. Most countries use other economic incentives to mitigate the effects of a pandemic. Ukraine is implementing economic measures and temporary trade restrictions to counter the pandemic. In particular, the Government of Ukraine introduced temporary restrictions on exports with the establishment of a zero quota for alcohol, buckwheat and anti-epidemic goods. The alcohol export ban not only did not worsen the situation on Ukraine's foreign markets, but also marked almost triple their extension. The embargo on buckwheat and grain exports from Ukraine has tripled imports. Despite the embargo on exports of anti-epidemic goods, trade did not stop, but even increased significantly for some commodity subheadings. The results of the study allowed to identify measures to mitigate the effects of the pandemic in trade and economic cooperation of Ukraine on the international arena.

scholarly journals The main trajectories of transformation of the labor market and labor resources in the context of digital and post-viral trends in the transformation of society

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 52-61
Author(s):  
I. A. Denisenko ◽  
A. A. Kuzubov ◽  
N. V. Shashlo
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
Level Structure ◽  
Communication Technologies ◽  
Digital Economy ◽  
Network Systems ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
Labor Resources

Introduction. In 2021 the labor market takes on a new format. Under the influence of various factors, a new social and labor platform “Trud” is being formed. The COVID-19 virus pandemic has dealt a devastating blow to the economy and the world of work in all countries and in the world in particular, causing triple consequences for eco­nomic growth - a supply shock, a demand shock, and an international trade shock. Three main phe­nomena of our time - demography - XXI, globaliza­tion - XXI and "Industry 4.0" have changed and continue to radically change the world of econom­ics, institutions and the world of society [18]. Digi­talization, virtualization of the economy, its hybrid nature, the emergence of various modifications - platform economy, on-demand economy, general consumption economy, gig economy - transform not only the social and labor space [19]. Changes are taking place in the entire social structure of the economy and society, the classic lines between pro­ducers and consumers, workers and employers are being erased; the former polarity of relations and interdependence between the owners of labor and owners of capital is changing. Thus, the social stra­tum of the new digital economy and network socie­ty is acquiring the character of non-classical, atypi­cal, dynamic and unstable forms. The whole system of social and labor relations in the labor market is becoming the same. In the short term, in the econ­omy and society as a whole, under the influence of information and communication and other break­through technologies, the growth of the availability of digital infrastructure, certain changes will occur in the labor market, in this connection, the article highlights groups of technologies that will signifi­cantly affect it: cognitive technologies, cloud tech­nologies, artificial intelligence, industrial Internet, Internet of things, Big Date, blockchain, quantum technologies, neurotechnologies, virtual reality technologies. It has been proven that technologies have already rapidly entered human life, radically changing the conditions of life, motivational at­titudes, and the value of forming the competitive­ness of labor resources. Thus, the transformations taking place in the social and labor sphere under the influence of information and communication technologies, network systems, other resources and institutions of the new digital economy are a com­plete, comprehensive transformation of values, mo­tivational attitudes, hierarchies, sources of develop­ment, resource structure, forms and technologies. interaction, forms and scale of employment, level, structure, income differentiation.Materials and methods. The study was car­ried out on the basis of the following methodologi­cal framework, namely: an integrated approach, a systematic approach, methods of comparative, situational analysis and synthesis, a method of abstract-logical assessment, a method of concre­tization, methods of detailing, typology, grouping, systematization and generalization, induction and deduction, methods of statistical analysis, graphi­cal method.Research results. As a result of the study, an assessment was made of the potential for intra-in­dustry polarization, taking into account the use of information and communication technologies (here­inafter - ICT). It has been proven that information and communication technologies replace individual tasks that are performed by people; respectively, in the market the share of highly qualified experts as well as low-skilled service personnel will increase.The proportion of workers who used ICT in their activities is identified. It was determined that in Russia the maximum number of workers who used ICT in their professional activities were employed in the fields of information and telecommunica­tions, as well as scientific and technical activities. Indicators of the share of workers who used ICTs that were close to the average for Russia were noted in industry, the minimum use of ICTs was in the field of transport, warehousing, postal and courier activities, in the field of water supply. As a result, this made it possible to identify a number of enter­prises with the maximum potential for introducing the latest breakthrough technologies and for refor­matting the structure of the employed population.Discussion and conclusion. The role of the skills and competencies of workers necessary for the formation of competitive labor resources and over­coming various challenges in the labor market is revealed. A core of skills and competencies for effec­tive employment is proposed based on the O*NET content model. It has been proved that promoting the development of non-routine skills is the most relevant strategy for the formation of the competi­tiveness of labor resources in the context of digital and post-viral trends in the transformation of so­ciety. Non-routine social skills related to employee interpersonal interactions and social perception are complemented by ICT applications, with the aim of empowering human capabilities with technology.

LABOUR MARKET TRANSFORMATION UNDER MODERN CONDITIONS

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (4) ◽  
pp. 106-111
Author(s):  
N.G. VISHNEVSKAYA ◽  
◽  
O.V. ALESHKINA ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Labor Demand ◽  
Market Environment ◽  
Continuous Training ◽  
Republic Of Bashkortostan ◽  
The World ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Labor Resources ◽  
Epidemiological Situation

The article analyzes the current processes on the global labor market in Russia and the Republic of Bashkortostan. Changing demographic proportions, the pension reform, migration processes, intensive development of production technologies, automation, the use of artificial intelligence all these factors are undoubtedly transforming the labor market environment. The content of occupation is changing, structural changes in the economy lead to the dropping-out of a number of specialties and the emergence of new ones, which did not exist before. To match the supply of labor resources to the modern requirements of the economy, new competencies of workers as well as continuous training or retraining are required. Educational institutions have to adapt to the new requirements of the labor market environment to meet the needs of the labor market for qualified specialists with relevant knowledge and skills. Major changes in the labor market amid the spread of the new coronavirus infection have affected most countries of the world economy, including Russia. A long period of restrictions in most industries is reflected in the economic indicators of enterprises, development opportunities, and the number of required workers. The situation with the pandemic clearly demonstrates how unstable the modern labor market is; how events that occur in one country in the world are capable of undermining the whole balance, even in fairly stable and durable economic systems. The article analyzes the situation on the labor market of the Republic of Bashkortostan. The main problems of the region in this direction are highlighted. The analysis of the situation in the registered labor market showed that in 8 months of 2020 the number of officially registered unemployed increased 5 times, the level of registered unemployment increased 5.5 times, tension in the labor market increased 3 times. In the context of a worsening economic situation caused by an unfavorable epidemiological situation, the situation with the employment of citizens has become more complicated. The analysis showed that for several years the employment rate remained stable at 70%, and by September 2020 it was 17.4%. Currently, the labor market in Russia experiences the consequences of the economic crisis caused by the unfavorable epidemiological situation. The crisis is changing the forms of employment, which is becoming remote, non-standard, online professions appear. The structure of labor demand is changing. Labor resources will be rebuilt or replenish the modern labor market. In these conditions, the role of the state is growing significantly and there is no doubt in the need of the development of the anti-crisis plan for the labor market’s regulation.

scholarly journals Employment and Unemployment Markers in the Current Situation

Economics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 104 (6-9) ◽  
pp. 19-32
Author(s):  
Lela Tetradze Lela Tetradze
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Labor Market ◽  
Young People ◽  
Unemployment Rate ◽  
Internal Migration ◽  
Current Situation ◽  
World Health ◽  
Demographic Changes ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
The World

One of the major challenges for the economic development of Georgia is how to increase the rate of employment and decrease the rate of unemployment. At the current stage of economic and social development of Georgia, it is very important to raise an employment rate and to decrease an unemployment rate. This complex problem is subject to constant changes over time. Therefore, the continuous research in this field is and will stay very important. It is a priority for the economic development of the country to make relevant political steps to decrease unempoyment and increase employment. In order to develop efficient economic policy to decrease unemployment and increase employment, it is important to conduct a thorough market analysis and implement necessary steps to get better results. This article analyzes the current situation in terms of employment and unemployment, provides relevant latest data and describes the existing circumstances based on the analysis of these data. In this article, the focus is made on an important issue affecting unemployment, such as migration processes. Both external and internal migration makes an important impact on the current unemployment rate in the country. Internal migration may lead to positive as well as negative consequences. The article indicates that the consequences are considered to be positive, if the population migration is directed from the regions with the surplus of workforce to the regions with the shortage of workforce, which certainly leads to the lower unemployment rate in the country; on the other hand, the consequences are negative when an excessive number of people are migrating from certain regions, making it impossible to develop these regions in the future; also such migration increases the population in the big cities, which leads to worsened leaving conditions and poor municipal services in these cities. Besides, the article focuses on external migration processes: emigration and immigration as important aspects affecting the unemployment. Both of them have positive and negative consequences. In case of emigration, a positive consequence can be if the surplus of the workforce is leaving the country. This decreases the rate of unemployment; while the negative consequences will entail, if the workforce of employment age, mainly young people, are leaving the country. This creates a problem in the country with a low birth rate and puts even the population replacement under danger. It is well known that migration of the population influences the demographic structure of the population. The migration mostly involves the population of working age, mainly young people. The population increases in regions which are receiving migrants. Namely, the ratio of young population is increasing. In the regions from which people are emigrating, the absolute number of population is decreasing and withing the age structure, the ratio of elderly population is increasing. Besides, the article reviews a negative impact inflicted by COVID-19, declared as the world pandemic by the World Health Orgrnization, on different social and economic aspects of the country. The article also discusses the main challenges of the labor market – the high rate of unemployment, the employment structure and a low productivity of self-employed. For the past few years, there have been drastic demographic changes, which results in a decreased workforce. These demographic changes are caused by people leaving the country as well as by the unstable birth rates. Besides, “brain drain” during the short period of time leads to the loss of intellectual asset of the country. However, if these people come back, it may have a very positive impact on the labor market: it will increase the number of qualified people in the country and it will have a positive influence on the economy of the country and its growth. Keywords: labor market; employment; unemployment; economically active population; workforce; employed; self-employed; modern challenges; impact of the pandemic.

scholarly journals MODERN ASPECTS OF RURAL EMPLOYMENT IN KAZAKHSTAN

2021 ◽  
Vol 80 (1) ◽  
pp. 117-122
Author(s):  
M.O. Ryspekova ◽  
◽  
A.B. Uchkampirova ◽  
A.A. Duisenbekova ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Rural Population ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Rural Employment ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Rural Unemployment ◽  
The Village

The article studies the social employment of the village population, since this problem significantly affects the professionalism and potential development of any villager. The worker creates the main wealth of society, leads to progressive, innovative ideas, turning them into a sought-after product, and also contributes to social life. The opposite side of employment can be attributed to unemployment, which leads to degradation, increases the number of beggars, and reduces the quality of life of society. Preventing unemployment and increasing the employed population is one of the central, strategic objectives of state policy. As part of the study carried out by the authors, a quantitative assessment of the structure of rural labor markets was carried out based on a sources combination of official statistical information. The results of the study will help to identify the negative consequences of rural unemployment for the economic activity of the regions, the dynamism of development, and the tension in the labor market in the countryside. The study results contributed to the identification of the rural unemployment negative effects on the regional economic activity, the dynamics of development, and the tension in the labor market in the village. Significant impact of small business development on the number of employed populations has been revealed. The importance of households in studying the rural employment problem and state support measures for this category of households is assessed. When analyzing the directions of development in the field of employment of the rural population, the following research methods were used: abstract-logical - in identifying modern aspects of employment; economic and statistical in the analysis of the state, changes in the structure of the rural population; as well as a monographic one - in determining the priority directions of increasing employment of the rural population and the mechanism of its regulation.

TOURISM SAFETY DURING THE PANDEMIC: STATISTICS AND ANALYTICS

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raisa Kozhukhіvska ◽  
◽  
Оlena Sakovska ◽  
Keyword(s):  
World Economy ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Safety Issues ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
The World ◽  
Precautionary Measures ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Statistical Indicators

The article analyzes statistical indicators of tourism development and investigates safety issues in tourism. The negative consequences in tourism that occurred as a result of the spread of the disease caused by coronavirus infection has been analyzed. It is marked, that as a result of distribution of pandemic there was a fall of the world economy, volumes of trade and prices of the goods and services, capital outflow from new market economies. It is established that the tourism industry is one of the most important indicators of socio-economic development of both some regions and the country as a whole. But due to the restrictions caused by the spread of the pandemic, the tourism industry is facing a crisis that may be the worst in the history of the world economy. It is noted that if precautionary measures are not taken soon, the tourism industry will face an economic crisis from which it will be difficult to recover and millions of people working in the tourism industry will be out of work. Therefore, there is a need to develop ways to overcome the crisis caused by the spread of an infectious disease caused by coronavirus. It is pointed out that during the pandemic caused by COVID-19, it was tourism that suffered the most, in particular because of the restrictive measures imposed by States on the movement of citizens, quarantine, prohibition of air travelling, etc. A detailed analysis of analytical and statistical indicators of tourist travel in the world and Ukraine has been conducted. It is noted that due to the pandemic caused by COVID-19, the global tourism sector in 2022 may miss a third of revenues planned for this period. The measures to mitigate the impact of the crisis in Ukraine, which are proposed by experts of the tourism industry has been considered. Proposals on ways out of the crisis situation for the Ukrainian sphere of tourism, the implementation of which will reduce the negative effects associated with pendemia, have been developed. It is noted that the main activities should be the state support for entrepreneurs that are doing business in tourism, the expansion of Internet services and improving of its services, particularly in the field of booking and reservation of tourist services.

scholarly journals PROTECTION OF THE NATIONAL LABOR MARKET

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 26-37
Author(s):  
Natal'ya Vyzhimova ◽  
M. Pomykalova
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Foreign Worker ◽  
The State ◽  
Point System ◽  
Active Population ◽  
Foreign Labor ◽  
Gradual Introduction ◽  
Labor Resources ◽  
High Level ◽  
National Labor Market

This article examines one of the country's top priorities, such as protecting the national labor market. The modern labor market plays a unique role in the state of the Russian economy. The specificity of this phenomenon is expressed in the diversity of labor resources: Russian and foreign. The bearer of labor power is man, it is he who represents the power of production of the whole society. The labor resource possesses a set of intellectual and physical abilities, values, norms and labor characteristics, which should, first of all, be assessed by the state and the employer in building labor relations. The improvement of the labor market is led by the improvement in the indicators of the economically active population, the level of unemployment and employment. The external labor market is distinguished by its openness and accessibility. The jobs are predominantly occupied by foreign workers. The high level of flows of foreign labor in the Russian Federation forces the state authorities to promptly respond to the situation. The state pays attention, first of all, to providing jobs for the citizens of its country to prevent unemployment. But for a stable economic situation, foreign labor is also required, which is why the state seeks to quantitatively and qualitatively regulate the attraction of foreign flows. Modern Russia is characterized by the western way of attracting foreign labor and limiting migration, it consists in the gradual introduction of a point system for individual assessment of the labor potential of each foreign worker.

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