INVENTARISASI JENIS TUMBUHAN MANGROVE DI AREA TAMAN WISATA BHADRIKA PROVINSI BENGKULU

This study aims to determine the types of mangrove plants in the Bhadrika tourist park, Bengkulu Province. This study uses the method of observation. The data obtained are then immediately taken to the laboratory for identification. The identification process by observing the roots, stems, leaves, flowers and fruit. The mangroves found were, Avicennia alba, Lumnitzera racemosa, Excoecaria agallocha, Aegiceras corniculatum, Bruguiera cylindrical. There were 5 types of mangroves in the Bhadrika Tourism Park which belonged to 5 families.

Struktur Komunitas Vegetasi Mangrove Di Pesisir Pantai Kepulauan Karimunjawa

Mangrove merupakan tumbuhan yang berada di wilayah intertidal pesisir laut. Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu menganalisis struktur vegetasi mangrove (frekuensi, kerapatan, dominan) dan karakteristik habitatnya (kualitas lingkungan) di kawasan pesisir pantai kepulauan Karimunjawa. Penelitian dilakukan pada Desember 2019 di 3 stasiun dengan metode plot bertingkat, masing-masing stasiun dibuat 3 transek yang berukuran 10m x 10m (pohon), 5m x 5m (pancang), dan 2m x 2m (semai). Hasil penelitian ditemukan 7 jenis mangrove yaitu Rhizophora stylosa, Avicennia marina, Rhizophora apiculata, Ceriops tagal, Excoecaria agallocha, Lumnitzera racemosa, dan Ceriops decandra. Indeks nilai penting tumbuhan mangrove pada strata pohon, pancang, dan semai paling tinggi adalah Rhizopora stylosa (244,77%), (163,03%), dan (157,96%). Nilai kerapatan Rhizopora stylosa tingkat pohon, tingkat pancang dan semai yaitu (2.500-10.100 ind/ha), (10.400-48.400 ind/ha), dan (97.500-280.000 ind/ha). Kondisi lingkungan di sekitar kawasan mangrove yaitu rata-rata suhu (28,75%), pasir (10,75%), lanau (51,46%/), lempung (37,79%), salinitas (26,60%), pH (7,26), DO (3,28 mg/L), N total tanah (0,24%), P total tanah (120,49 ppm), C Organik tanah (2,10%), N total air (0,28%), P total air (0,27 mg/L), C Organik air (1,56 mg/L).ABSTRACTMangroves are a plant that are found in the intertidal area of marine coastal environments. The study aim to analyze structure of mangrove vegetation (frequency, density, and dominance) and the mangrove habitat (environmental condition) in Coastal Coast Karimunjawa Island. The research was conducted in December 2019 at the three stations using the stratified plot method, and one stations divided three observation transects sized 10m x 10m (trees), 5m x 5m (saplings), and 2m x 2m (seedlings). The result of the study found seven mangroves species were Rhizophora stylosa, Avicennia marina, Rhizophora apiculata, Ceriops tagal, Excoecaria agallocha, Lumnitzera racemosa, and Ceriops decandra. The highest value index of mangroves for trees, saplings and seedlings is the highest Rhizopora stylosa (244,77%), (163,03%), and (157,96%). Density value Rhizopora stylosa in tree level, saplings, and seedlings were (2.500-10.100 ind/ha), (10.400-48.400 ind/ha), dan (97.500-280.000 ind/ha). The environmental conditions around the mangrove area are average temperature (28,75%), sand (10,75%), silt (51,46%/), clay (37,79%), salinity (26,60%), pH (7,26), Dissolved Oxygen (3,28 mg/L), N total land (0,24%), P total land (120,49 ppm), C Organic land (2,10%), N total water (0,28%), P total water (0,27 mg/L), C Organic water (1,56 mg/L).

Diversity of mangrove species associated with zonation in Lubuk Kertang Village and Pulau Sembilan, North Sumatra

The Research about the diversity of mangrove species associated with zonation in Lubuk Kertang Village and Pulau Sembilan, Langkat Regency, North Sumatera was conducted in March – April 2021. This study aims to determine the diversity of mangrove species based on zoning observations in Lubuk Kertang Village and Pulau Sembilan. The research was conducted using the exploration method. The observation zone for the diversity of mangrove species is divided into three zones, namely zone 1 in brackish or almost fresh waters behind the actual green mangroves, zone 2 along the river, brackish to almost fresh, and zone 3 on the part facing the sea. The results of the study were fifteen mangrove species with two different mangrove groups, namely four true mangrove species (Lumnitzera racemosa, L. littorea, Nypa fruticans, and Scyphyphora hydrophyllacea) and eleven associated mangrove species (A. auriculiformis, Barringtonia asiatica, Casuarina equestifolia, Hibiscus tiliaceus, Melastoma candidum, Morinda citrifolia, Pandanus odoratatissima, Pongamia. Pinnata, Sesuvium portulcastrum, Stachytarpheta jamaicensis, and Terminalia catappa). Furthermore, the observations in zone 1 were dominated by mangrove association groups, namely A. auriculiformis, B. asiatica, C. equestifolia, H. tiliaceus, M. candidum, M. citrifolia, P. odoratatissima, P. pinnata, S. portulcastrum, S. jamaicensis, and T. catappa, in zone 2, namely L. littorea and L. racemosa and in zone 3, namely N. fruticans and S. hydrophyllacea, zones 2 and 3 are dominated by true mangrove groups. This shows that data on the diversity of mangrove species is very necessary to preserve mangrove species in Lubuk Kertang Village and Pulau Sembilan and the growing zone of mangrove species is natural zoning of mangrove forests.

Hoạt tính kháng oxy hóa và kháng khuẩn của cao chiết ethanol từ lá Cóc trắng (Lumnitzera racemosa Willd)

Cóc trắng hay còn gọi Cọc vàng (Lumnitzera racemosa) là một loài thực vật ngập mặn với nhiều dược tính quý. Tuy nhiên, các nghiên cứu về loài cây này không nhiều, đặc biệt ở Việt Nam. Trong nghiên cứu này, thành phần hóa học cũng như hoạt tính kháng oxy hóa in vitro và hoạt tính kháng khuẩn gây bệnh trên thủy sản của cao chiết Cóc trắng đã được khảo sát. Kết quả cho thấy cao ethanol Cóc trắng có hàm lượng polyphenol và flavonid tổng được xác định lần lượt là 138,532 mg GAE/g; 182,014 mg QE/g. Kết quả khảo sát hoạt tính kháng oxy hóa cho thấy cao ethanol Cóc trắng cho hoạt tính mạnh nhất trên phương pháp thử nghiệm là ABTS●+(IC50=20,461 μg/mL), DPPH (IC50=81,734 μg/mL) và TAC (OD0,5= 86,943 μg/mL), sau đó là năng lực khử sắt (OD0,5=113,108 μg/mL). Cao chiết Cóc trắng thể hiện hoạt tính kháng đối với 4 dòng vi khuẩn Aeromonas hydrophila, Aeromonas dhakensis, Edwardsiella ictaluri, Streptococcus agalactiae với đường kính kháng khuẩn tương ứng 3,87 mm, 4,93 mm, 4,93 mm, 5,73 mm.

KONDISI VEGETASI DAN PERUBAHAN TUTUPAN LAHAN EKOSISTEM MANGROVE PULAU TANAKEKE KABUPATEN TAKALAR PROVINSI SULAWESI SELATAN

Ekosistem mangrove merupakan salah satu ekosistem pesisir dengan tingkat produktivitas yang tinggi, sehingga keberadaannya dapat memperkaya kawasan pesisir dan menjaga keseimbangan ekosistem. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan perubahan luasan dan sebaran ekosistem mangrove dalam kurun waktu 20 tahun, yakni dari tahun 2000 sampai dengan 2020 dan untuk mengetahui kondisi vegetasi ekosistem mangrove di Pulau Tanakeke. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada bulan Januari hingga April 2020 di Pulau Tanakeke. Penentuan lokasi penelitian menggunakan metode purposive sampling. Analisis perubahan luasan ekosistem mangrove dari tahun 2000 sampai 2020 menggunakan metode supervised classification dengan analisis maximum likelihood, sedangkan kondisi vegetasi ekosistem mangrove menggunakan metode analisis indeks nilai penting (INP) dan indeks keanekaragaman jenis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ekosistem mangrove di Pulau Tanakeke dari tahun 2000 sampai 2020 mengalami degradasi seluas -337,41 ha (28,32% dari luas tahun 2000). Pada lokasi penelitian ditemukan 9 jenis mangrove, yaitu Bruguiera gymnorrhiza, Ceriops tagal, Rhizophora stylosa, Rhizophora apiculata, Rhizophora mucronata, Sonneratia alba, Phemphis acidula, Lumnitzera racemosa dan Ceriops decandra. Mangrove jenis Rhizophora mucronata memiliki indeks nilai penting tertinggi yaitu sebesar 192,55%, sementara untuk keanekaragaman jenis secara umum tergolong rendah.

Analysis of Unusual Sulfated Constituents and Anti-infective Properties of Two Indonesian Mangroves, Lumnitzera littorea and Lumnitzera racemosa (Combretaceae)

Lumnitzera littorea and Lumnitzera racemosa are mangrove species distributed widely along the Indonesian coasts. Besides their ecological importance, both are of interest owing to their wealth of natural products, some of which constitute potential sources for medicinal applications. We aimed to discover and characterize new anti-infective compounds, based on population-level sampling of both species from across the Indonesian Archipelago. Root metabolites were investigated by TLC, hyphenated LC-MS/MS and isolation, the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of rDNA was used for genetic characterization. Phytochemical characterization of both species revealed an unusual diversity in sulfated constituents with 3,3’,4’-tri-O-methyl-ellagic acid 4-sulfate representing the major compound in most samples. None of these compounds was previously reported for mangroves. Chemophenetic comparison of L. racemosa populations from different localities provided evolutionary information, as supported by molecular phylogenetic evidence. Samples of both species from particular locations exhibited anti-bacterial potential (Southern Nias Island and East Java against Gram-negative bacteria, Halmahera and Ternate Island against Gram-positive bacteria). In conclusion, Lumnitzera roots from natural mangrove stands represent a promising source for sulfated ellagic acid derivatives and further sulfur containing plant metabolites with potential human health benefits.

A Taxonomic study of two species of Thiotricha Meyrick (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae), from southwestern Japan, with notes on the biology of their immature stages

The taxonomy and biology of the immature stages of two gelechiid species of Thiotricha Meyrick, 1886, found in the southeastern part of the Sino-Japanese region is presented. Thiotricha lumnitzeriella Kyaw, Ueda & Hirowatari sp. nov., from islands in southwestern Japan is described. The larva of this species feeds as a portable case maker on Lumnitzera racemosa Willd. (Combretaceae). Thiotricha gemmulans Meyrick, 1931 originally described from India is newly recorded from Japan, mainland China, and Thailand. This species feeds as a portable case maker on Glochidion zeylanicum var. lanceolatum (Hayata) and G. zeylanicum var. zeylanicum (Gaertn.) A. Juss (Phyllanthaceae). Thiotricha acrophantis Meyrick, 1936 is newly synonymized with T. gemmulans. Images of the adults of Thiotricha lumnitzeriella sp. nov. and T. gemmulans including genitalia, and images and illustrations of the larval chaetotaxy and pupa for both species are provided. Larval feeding habits are described in detail.

Struktur Vegetasi Mangrove berdasarkan Karakteristik Substrat di Pantai Karang Sewu, Gilimanuk Bali

Karang Sewu Beach is one of the areas in the West Bali National Park (TNBB) which has a natural mangrove ecosystem. One of parameters affecting mangrove growth is substrate. This research aims to determine the vegetation structure, substrate characteristics, and different vegetation groups of mangroves based on its substrate characteristics in Karang Sewu Beach. This study collected the data on vegetation structure using a plotted line method with 2x2, 5x5, 10x10 and 20x20 meters transects. Substrate texture was analyzed using a pipette method while total organic material was analyzed using the Loss on Ignition (LOI) method. Mangrove vegetation was categorized based on substrate characteristics using the descriptive quantitative method. Results showed there were nine species of mangrove found in Karang Sewu Beach, namely Ceriops tagal, Sonneratia alba, S. caseolaris, Rhizophora apiculata, R. mucronata, R. stylosa, R. lamarckii, Lumnitzera racemosa, and Avicennia marina. INP in the first station was dominated by R. apiculata for tree levels (152,88 %), pole (174,24 %), sapling (139,04 %), and seedling (111,48 %). R. lamarckii dominated the second station with a tree level value of 226,94 % while C. tagal dominated for pole level (220,82 %), sapling (243,65 %), and seedling (182,94 %). INP in the third stasion was dominated by C. tagal for pole level (103,68 %), sapling (98,77 %) and seedling (95,51 %). Mangrove substrate in Karang Sewu Beach was characterized as having a sand like texture, dusty loam, sandy loam, loamy sand, and sandy clay with moderate organic matter (2.44 %) to low (0.79 %). Mangrove vegetation grouping based on substrate characteristics in Karang Sewu Beach was different in general. A. marina is found in the middle zone, where this species is usually found in the front zone.