Comparative study of hatchability rate and egg quality between different strains of Japanese Quail (Coturnix japonica)

The objectives of this study were to determine morphology of Japanese quail strains andhatchability rate and egg quality between commercial strain which is Poultry Progress Institute(IKTA) strain and White Texas strains of Japanese Quail (Coturnix japonica) rear in Malaysia. Atotal of 300 quails were randomly picked and the breastbone length, chest girth, body weight,body length, shank length and drum length were measured for the morphology. Then, 270 eggs ofCommercial and White Texas strains were used to test the hatchability rate (n=150) and eggquality (n=120). The ratio of the parents of the quails between male and female of each type ofstrain were 1:3. The cleanliness, shape, weight, and texture of the eggshell were observed,weighed and measured. The eggs were incubated for 17 days (37.6 °C, 65% humidity). The shapeindex, egg weight, egg volume and eggshell surface were weighed and measured for the exteriortrait of eggs. For interior trait, the albumen index, Haugh units, and internal quality units (IQU)were measured. Significant findings were observed in all of the features (P<0.05), except for thewing length in morphology. For hatchability rate, there was a high significant in the percentage ofhatchability of incubated eggs, hatchability of fertile eggs and smoothness texture of the eggshell.In egg quality there was high significant in Haugh unit but low significant internal quality unit.The significant variability might be due from the genetic information that inherited from theparents. The IKTA and White strains were not the same in morphology, hatchability rate andinterior trait of eggs but same exterior trait of eggs. In conclusion, this research is important ingiving information about Japanese quail strain in Malaysia and more genetic study should be donein the future to determine good strain and increase understanding about quail strain.

New Multistrain Bacterial Consortium for Feed Probiotics

Introduction. Multistrain probiotics often include biocompatible strains, which leads to suppression of microbial viability and, as a result, decreases their efficacy. Therefore, new probiotics should be based on well-matched strains with no antagonism. Study objects and methods. The research featured strains of lactic and propionic acid bacteria from the VNIIPBT collection. The method of direct co-cultivation on dense medium (drop technique) was used to assess the biocompatibility of lactic acid bacteria. Antagonism was detected visually based on signs of suppression after 24 and 48 h after the onset of incubation. Antagonism of the consortia was assessed by the Romanovich method. Results and discussion. The screening resulted in seven promising strains with the specific growth rate of 0.32–0.84 h–1 and the maximum population density ≤ 2.2 billion CFU/cm3. A set of experiments on the strain adaptation mechanisms revealed combinations of strains with the lowest antagonism and competition for the substrate. The research resulted in a four-component consortium of Lactobacillus plantarum 314/8, Lactobacillus helveticus R0052/6, Enterococcus faecium B-2240D, and Propionibacterium freudenreichii subsp. shermanii 103/27. The optimal ratio was the one where the cultures were present in equal proportions. The study also described the biosynthetic properties of the consortium and the ratio of the strains in its composition. The consortium demonstrated a balanced growth, good strain compatibility, and absence of antagonism. The cultivation mode was tested anaerobically on milk whey at 37°C for 24 h (strain ratio = 1:1:1:1). Conclusion. The new consortium proved suitable for industrial production of feed probiotics.

CHARACTERIZATION OF SYMBIOTIC EFFECTIVENESS OF RHIZOBIA NODULATING FIELD PEA (PISUM SATIVUM).

Field Pea is one of the most important Legumes plants and widely grown in Ethiopia. A study was made to re- isolate, characterize, and select best rhizobia for field pea. Results showed that all the 25 isolates exhibited typical colony characteristics and presumptive reactions of fast growing rhizobia. Out of the 25 isolates, 3(KL3, BR1 andCF5) relatively superior isolates were selected in sterilized sand. All isolates characterized their morphological and physiological characteristics. All isolates formed watery and mucoid colonies on YEMA medium, their mean growth time mostly between 2 &4 hours and failed to grow on peptone glucose agar medium and to solubilize inorganic phosphate. Almost all isolates were tolerated to pH 5to 9, 2% and 3% salt concentration, and at temperature of 15oC to 35oC. The isolates were also tolerant to erythromycin, streptomycin and ampicillin, and relatively sensitive to penicillin and chloroamphenicol at concentration of 50μg/ml. All isolates utilized to sucrose, glucanate, galactose and fructose as the sole source of carbon, and almost all isolates grow on YEMA medium containing galactose (90%), fructose (88.9%) and glucanate (76.7%) and the isolates utilized many amino acids as the source of nitrogen. BR1 was the most competitive inoculant with nodule occupancy of 75%; followed by KL3 and CF5 with nodule occupancy of 60 and 50% respectively. The mean nodule number, nodule dry weight, mean shoot dry weight and N content and of the host plants inoculated with different isolates showed variations. Particularly BR1 can be recommended as inoculants and good strain for field pea in the future.

Automatic Multi-Stage Cold Forging of an SUS304 Ball-Stud with a Hexagonal Hole at One End

SUS304 stainless steel is characterized by combined tensile and compression testing, with an emphasis on flow stress at higher strain and temperature. The plastic deformation behavior of SUS304 from room temperature to 400 °C is examined and a general approach is used to express flow stress as a closed-form function of strain, strain rate, and temperature; this is optimal when the strain is high, especially during automatic multi-stage cold forging. The fitted flow stress is subjected to elastothermoviscoplastic finite element analysis (FEA) of an automatic multi-stage cold forging process for an SUS304 ball-stud. The importance of the thermal effect during cold forging, in terms of high material strength and good strain-hardening, is revealed by comparing the forming load, die wear and die stress predictions of non-isothermal and isothermal FEAs. The experiments have shown that the predictions of isothermal FEA are not feasible because of the high predicted effective stress on the weakest part of the die.

Nile tilapia and common carp fingerling production in northwest Bangladesh - a decentralised concept.

In the northwest of Bangladesh farming households in rural areas successfully produce large size fingerlings of a good strain of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus; GIFT strain) and common carp (Cyprinus carpio) in irrigated spring rice fields. The technical details of household-level fingerling production are presented as guidelines for use by extension workers for its promotion. The production of such large size fingerlings creates demand from grow-out farmers to whom they sell the fingerlings for income as well as to stock in their own ponds or rice fields for food fish production. The system thus benefits large numbers of small-scale producer households in rural areas by providing extra income and improving household nutrition. The technology is being readily adopted by farmers in rural areas after its initial introduction and with minimum institutional support. The use of such a "decentralised system" of fingerling production results in the production of small numbers of fingerlings by individual households and is mostly adopted by small and marginal farmers rather than the rich. However, for marginal and poor farmers it provides a significant proportion of their income from the rice plot and contributes an important proportion of their total household income. As a large number of households have adopted the system, the total production of fingerlings is quite high and in the northwest region where it has largely been promoted to date such decentralised production comprises almost 10% of the total fingerling production. If the production of large size fingerlings is considered, it covers a higher proportion of total fingerling production, and for fish such as the good strain of Nile tilapia, such production covers almost 100% as there is almost no production of their fingerlings in established hatcheries and nurseries in the northwest region. It also covers a high proportion of the total production of common carp because the large size fingerling production of the species in established hatcheries and nurseries is limited.

Printed Strain Sensors Based on an Intermittent Conductive Pattern Filled with Resistive Ink Droplets

In this study, we demonstrate a strain sensor fabricated as a hybrid structure of a conductive intermittent pattern with embedded single droplets of a functional resistive ink. The main feature of our proposed sensor design is that although the intermittent pattern comprises the majority of the entire sensor area, the strain sensitivity depends almost selectively on the resistive droplets. This opens up the possibility for fast and inexpensive evaluation of sensors manufactured from various functional materials. As the use of resistive ink was limited to single droplets deposition, the required ink amount needed to build a sensor can be considerably reduced. This makes the sensors cost-effective and simple for fabrication. In this study, our proposed sensor design was evaluated when a carbon-based ink was used as the resistive material incorporated into an intermittent structure made of silver. The developed strain sensors were tested during bending deformations demonstrating good strain sensitivity (gauge factor: 7.71) and no hysteresis within the investigated strain range.

0D-1D Hybrid Silicon Nanocomposite as Lithium-Ion Batteries Anodes

Lithium ion batteries (LIBs) are the enabling technology for many of the societal changes that are expected to happen in the following years. Among all the challenges for which LIBs are the key, vehicle electrification is one of the most crucial. Current battery materials cannot provide the required power densities for such applications and therefore, it makes necessary to develop new materials. Silicon is one of the proposed as next generation battery materials, but still there are challenges to overcome. Poor capacity retention is one of those drawbacks, and because it is tightly related with its high capacity, it is a problem rather difficult to address with common and scalable fabrication processes. Here we show that combining 0D and 1D silicon nanostructures, high capacity and stability can be achieved even using standard electrode fabrication processes. Capacities as high as 1200 mAh/g for more than 500 cycles at high current densities (2 A/g) were achieved with the produced hybrid 0D/1D electrodes. In this research, it was shown that while 0D nanostructures provide good strain relaxation capabilities, 1D nanomaterials contribute with enhanced cohesion and conductive matrix integrity.

Correlating Coating Quality of Coverage with Rheology for Mica-Based Paints

This paper examines the relationship between rheology and the qualitative appearance of dried, mica-based paint coatings used in the aerospace industry. The goal is to identify key rheological characteristics indicative of poor coating visual appearance, providing a screening tool to identify unsatisfactory paint formulations. Four mica paints were studied, having coating visual appearances ranging from very poor to very good. Strain sweeps indicated that the poor-quality paints have a smaller % strain midpoint in the linear visco-elastic range; while the good-quality paints have a lower G’/G” cross-over point in frequency sweeps. Thixotropy experiments utilizing single and multiple-loop hysteresis cycles plotting shear stress as a function of shear rate showed that the base mica paints with good appearance had nearly constant, reversible profiles in the forward and the backward directions; while the mica paints with poor appearance were irreversible with a noticeable gradual change in shear stress as more loops are run. The difference in area between the forward and the reverse curves was determined, leading to a quantifiable criterion that can differentiate good paints from poor paints with significance testing. This work would establish the first rheology model using hysteresis loops to predict the visual properties of mica-based paints.

Buckling Behavior of Ecc Column Reinforced With Steel Bar

Engineered cementitious composite (ECC) is a type of high performance fiber reinforced concrete (FRC) with some good strain hardening behavior. This study deals with use of two different fibers, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and polypropylene (PP) fiber.PVA fiber is better than PP in terms of mechanical property. A total of 5 columns are prepared, one each of ECC with PVA fiber PVA(R/ECC), ECC with PP fiber PP(R/ECC), and one reinforced cement concrete (RC) column for comparisons. Rest of the two column deals with effective use of ECC in tension zone of the column PVA(R/ECC-RC) and PP(R/ECC-RC) i.e.in the top and the bottom (L/4) region, ECC is used and the centre (L/2) region is filled with RC. Same longitudinal reinforcement ratio was adopted for all the columns and columns were tested under eccentric compression. Due to eccentric compression RC column went through scaling and spalling process while this was not found in ECC columns due to fiber binding effect with cementitious material .Further more columns were analysed using finite element software ABAQUS to plot, Load versus Deformation curve, yielding pattern and stress distribution in the column .