scholarly journals Zumurrud (emerald): Medicinal Potential of a Gemstone from Jawaharat-i-tis ‘a(navratan), in the Perspective of Unani Medicine

2021 ◽  
Vol 08 (1&2) ◽  
pp. 5-9
Author(s):  
Mohd Afsahul Kalam ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Capacity ◽  
Medicinal Purpose ◽  
Medicinal Uses ◽  
Gold Mines ◽  
Unani Medicine ◽  
Long Period ◽  
Green Colour ◽  
Pharmacological Studies ◽  
Bright Green ◽  
Complete Formation

Emeralds are transparent and coloured varieties of beryl mineral. It is categorised as a precious and valuable stone. It has a beautiful, intense, and radiant green colour. Emerald is one of the most expensive gemstones due to its bright green colour, durability, and rare availability. A fine and top quality emerald is more valuable than diamonds. Basically, it is found in gold mines and takes a long period of 21 years to reach its complete formation. Emerald has been used for medicinal purpose from ancient time. In Babylon (the oldest gem market), the fine quality emerald crystal gem was dedicated to the goddess Venus. In the case of emerald, it is believed that it represents immortality and faith. In the Unani system of medicine, it is used as a vital organ tonic, cicatrizant, diuretic, lithotriptic, antidote, eye tonic, blood purifier etc. It is used in cases of anuria and some psychic conditions like stress and anxiety. It stimulates the use of greater mental capacity and enhances memory. No pharmacological studies on emerald have been done yet, so this article has been compiled for its medicinal uses in the perspective of Unani medicine to provide a lead for pharmacological studies on this precious gemstone.

A Review of Phytochemical and Pharmacological Studies of Inula Species

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 557-567
Author(s):  
Aparoop Das ◽  
Anshul Shakya ◽  
Surajit Kumar Ghosh ◽  
Udaya P. Singh ◽  
Hans R. Bhat
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Valuable Insight ◽  
Important Ingredient ◽  
Pharmacological Activities ◽  
Medicinal Uses ◽  
The Family ◽  
Pharmacological Studies ◽  
Perennial Herbs ◽  
Insight Into

Background: Plants of the genus Inula are perennial herbs of the family Asteraceae. This genus includes more than 100 species, widely distributed throughout Europe, Africa and Asia including India. Many of them are indicated in traditional medicine, e.g., in Ayurveda. This review explores chemical constituents, medicinal uses and pharmacological actions of Inula species. Methods: Major databases and research and review articles retrieved through Scopus, Web of Science, and Medline were consulted to obtain information on the pharmacological activities of the genus Inula published from 1994 to 2017. Results: Inula species are used either alone or as an important ingredient of various formulations to cure dysfunctions of the cardiovascular system, respiratory system, urinary system, central nervous system and digestive system, and for the treatment of asthma, diabetes, cancers, skin disorders, hepatic disease, fungal and bacterial infections. A range of phytochemicals including alkaloids, essential and volatile oils, flavonoids, terpenes, and lactones has been isolated from herbs of the genus Inula, which might possibly explain traditional uses of these plants. Conclusion: The present review is focused on chemical constituents, medicinal uses and pharmacological actions of Inula species and provides valuable insight into its medicinal potential.

Medicinal importance of Papra (Podophyllum hexandrum Royle) in Unani System of Medicine

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohd Afsahul Kalam ◽  
Akhtar H. Malik ◽  
Aijaz Hassan Ganie ◽  
Tariq Ahmad Butt
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Podophyllum Hexandrum ◽  
Kashmir Himalaya ◽  
Unani Medicine ◽  
Lymph Glands ◽  
Pharmacological Studies ◽  
Great Scholar ◽  
Endemic Medicinal Plant ◽  
Sinopodophyllum Hexandrum ◽  
First Time

Abstract Podophyllum hexandrum Royle [=Sinopodophyllum hexandrum (Royle) T.S. Ying] is an important, endemic medicinal plant species of Himalaya. It is used in Unani System of Medicine under the name of ‘Papra’. The drug was not mentioned in previous literatures, but the first time it introduced in Unani Medicine by a great scholar Hakim Najmul Ghani. He has mentioned its uses and benefits in his classical book Khazainul Advia. In Unani Medicine the plant species has been used to treat various ailments like constipation, fever, jaundice, liver disorders, syphilis, diseases of lymph glands etc. In Kashmir Himalaya it is used to treat various diseases by local medicinemen, but now it is listed in rare drugs. Various pharmacological studies have been done such as antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antifungal, radio-protective etc., recently it has also been reported that podophyllotoxin or podophyllin can be used to treat some forms of cancers also.

scholarly journals Induced changes in the pigmentation of the pupœ of the butterfly P ieris napi L., and their inheritance

1928 ◽  
Vol 102 (718) ◽  
pp. 347-353 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Light Conditions ◽  
Green Colour ◽  
Ordinary Light ◽  
Bright Green ◽  
Induced Changes

It has, of course, long been known that the pigmentation of the pupae of the two lepidopterous species, Pieris brassicœ L. and P. rapœ L. (Poulton, 1887), is influenced by the colour of the light to which the larvae from which they are developed are exposed just before pupation. In particular, if the larvae are allowed to pupate in orange light, a heavy percentage of the pupae obtained is of a bright green colour. This coloration, however, simply depends upon the fact that the formation of the various pigments, white and black, in the chitin of the pupal integument is more or less inhibited by orange light. As a consequence, the colour perceived in pupæ so affected is that of the hæmolymph within, and hence the chrysalids appear green. Recently, in addition to confirming these earlier observations, Dürken (1923) and Brecher (1923) have bred from butterflies reared from the treated larvæ and pupæ. The larvæ descended from the orange glass cultures, even when pupating under ordinary light conditions, gave rise to a set of pupæ including many more green individuals than the control lots. Clearly, therefore, the acquired pupal green had been inherited. In view of current biological controversies, such an effect was of primary importance. Repetition and confirmation of the work were highly desirable, and the present work was therefore undertaken.

scholarly journals A Review on Ethnomedicinal Claims and Spread of Pothos scandens L.

2020 ◽  
pp. 22-28
Author(s):  
Niral H. Sojeetra ◽  
Rabinarayan Acharya
Keyword(s):  
Wound Healing ◽  
Research Articles ◽  
Specific Method ◽  
Scientific Evaluation ◽  
Medicinal Uses ◽  
Vernacular Names ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Small Pox ◽  
Disease Condition ◽  
Pharmacological Studies

Aim: Present review aims to collect all available ethno medicinal information and research updates on Pothos scandens, a popular drug among the local healers for its multipurpose traditional therapeutic claims. Materials and Methods: Reported ethno medicinal uses of Pothos scandens from available books related to medicinal plants and research articles on ethno medicine, published till January 2020, were reviewed. Name of the reporting tribe using the plant and their place of reporting, vernacular names, parts used along with its therapeutic indications, with specific method of administration, if any,  through either external or internal usages were noted. Results: P. scandens is reported for its presence in 13 countries across the globe and in 13 states of India. The plant as a whole or its stem, root and leaf are used in 31 different disease conditions, either through internal administration or external applications. Among these, maximum are indicated in the treatment of asthma, small pox, wounds and bone fracture etc. Its leaves have maximum applications in 11 disease conditions, followed by whole plant in 10, stem in 3 and root in one disease condition. Its leaves are also used as fodder. Pharmacological studies report its anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antioxidant, wound healing activities. Conclusion: Pothos scandens is having multifaceted ethno-medicinal claims and needs robust scientific evaluation through pharmacological and clinical studies to establish the ethnic claims. 

scholarly journals Laurus nobilis L., (Habb-ul-Ghar), A Review on Phytochemistry, Pharmacology and Ethnomedicinal Uses

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 136-144
Author(s):  
QAMRUL ISMAM USMANI ◽  
ALTAF AHMAD ◽  
FATHIMA NAIROZA JAMALDEEN
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Phenolic Acid ◽  
Laurus Nobilis ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
Unani Medicine ◽  
Pharmacological Studies ◽  
Anti Oxidant ◽  
Ancient Times ◽  
Pharmaceutical Industries ◽  
Ethnomedicinal Uses

Habb-ul-Ghar (Laurus nobilis L., fruit) is used in the Unani and other traditional systems of medicine since ancient times. It has been also used in culinary and pharmaceutical industries. Various phytoconstituents were isolated from laurel fruit, like monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes, fatty acids, flavonoids, phenolic acid, and some minerals. Many pharmacological studies have been carried out to explore its anti-oxidant, antimicrobial, antiproliferative, antinociceptive, and anti-inflammatory activities. This review will provide a comprehensive overview only about fruit of Laurus nobilis with special reference to Unani medicine. Keywords: Habb ul Ghar; Laurus nobilis; Laurel fruit; Unani medicine

Driving you hairless

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Emsley
Keyword(s):  
Bunsen Burner ◽  
Green Colour ◽  
Thallium Poisoning ◽  
Burner Flame ◽  
Bright Green ◽  
Black Magic ◽  
Agatha Christie ◽  
The Many ◽  
Final Curtain ◽  
Hands And Feet

William Crookes named thallium after the bright green colour it produced when its salts were put into a Bunsen burner flame. He compared the colour to that of a fresh green shoot, so he based its name on the Greek word for this, which is thallos. Thallium’s deadly nature was not at first appreciated and it became part of the treatment for ringworm of the scalp, given in relatively large doses to children because it caused their hair to fall out, the better to treat the disease. Meanwhile others were using it to kill vermin, and always thallium brought tragedy in its wake. Agatha Christie built one of her murder mysteries around thallium poisoning. In 1952 she wrote The Pale Horse, in which the murderer used it to dispose of people’s unwanted relatives and disguised his activities as black magic curses. The plot involves a murdered priest and a pub owned by three modern-day witches. Christie described the symptoms of thallium poisoning very well: lethargy, tingling, numbness of the hands and feet, blackouts, slurred speech, insomnia, and general debility, and she is sometimes blamed for bringing this poison to the attention of would-be poisoners. However, her book was responsible for saving the life of one young girl as we shall see. In any case Christie was not the first mystery writer to employ this deadly agent. In Final Curtain, written in 1947, the novelist Ngaio Marsh had her villain using it. The murder to be investigated was the death of Sir Henry Ancred who had been poisoned with thallium acetate which had been prescribed in the treatment of his granddaughter’s ringworm. Marsh clearly had no knowledge of how thallium worked in that she imagined that those poisoned with it would drop dead in minutes. Would-be murderers seeking to emulate her villain would have been very puzzled when their intended victims appeared to suffer no ill effects, although this disappointment might only have lasted a few days, and then they would have been fascinated at the many symptoms it produced.

Werbena lekarska (Verbena officinalis L.) – charakterystyka botaniczna, skład chemiczny, znaczenie lecznicze, badania aktywności biologicznej oraz badania biotechnologiczne

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Paweł Kubica ◽  
Agnieszka Szopa ◽  
Jakub Dominiak ◽  
Maria Łuczkiewicz ◽  
Halina Ekiert
Keyword(s):  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Folk Medicine ◽  
European Pharmacopoeia ◽  
Medicinal Uses ◽  
Research Teams ◽  
Pharmacological Studies ◽  
The Common ◽  
Botanical Characteristics ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Medical University

Common vervain (Verbena officinalis L.) is a relatively new pharmacopoeial species in official European and also in Polish therapy. “Verbena herb” monograph has been included in the European Pharmacopoeia from 2008 i.e. from Ph. Eur. 6th, and in national translations of this document in EU member countries, including Polish Pharmacopoeia VIII. The current paper presents botanical characteristics of this species. It reviews current knowledge on chemical composition of common verbena herb, which is a rich source mostly of iridoids, phenylpropanoids glucosides, flavonoids and terpenes. A large part of the article summarizes medicinal uses of the plant and professional pharmacological studies which showed antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and anticancer actions of verbena herb compounds. Those studies confirmed its medicinal uses long known in European folk medicine and in Chinese medicine. In addition, it was emphasized that the common vervain plays an important role in food and cosmetic industries, especially due to its antioxidant, antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties and the presence of essential oil with an attractive fragrance composition. This paper presents also state of biotechnological studies of this species. The studies in this field are carried out by two cooperating research teams in Poland: Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Collegium Medicum, Jagiellonian University and Department of Pharmacognosy, Medical University of Gdańsk.

Pharmacological Profile of Tithonia diversifolia (Hemsl.) A.Gray: A Comprehensive Review

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 183-187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manajit Bora ◽  
Sachchida N Upadhyay ◽  
Jayram Hazra ◽  
Lalrinpuia Kawlni
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
Tithonia Diversifolia ◽  
Pharmacological Profile ◽  
Medicinal Uses ◽  
Comprehensive Review ◽  
Active Constituents ◽  
Major Organ ◽  
Pharmacological Studies ◽  
Important Medicinal Plant

ABSTRACT Aim This review aims to provide an up-to-date overview of pharmacological studies of Tithonia diversifolia (Hemsl.) A.Gray. Moreover, the focus of this review is the possible exploitation of this species to treat different diseases and to suggest future investigations. Background Tithonia diversifolia (Hemsl.) A.Gray is an important medicinal plant whose leaf is the major organ used alone or in combination with other plants for the treatment of a wide variety of ailments. This plant has been a subject of research interest because of its various indigenous medicinal uses in many countries. Results Different pharmacological studies on T. deversifolia show that it possesses antibacterial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antinociception, analgesic, antidiarrheal, antimalarial, antihyperglycemic, and cancer chemopreventive activities due to the presence of different active constituents. Conclusion Tithonia diversifolia (Hemsl.) A.Gray extracts and their active constituents should be subjected to detailed mechanistic studies to fully understand the mode of action of the active constituents. Clinical significance Till date, there is no scientific literature/data regarding clinical trials of this plant except preclinical studies on different laboratory animals. How to cite this article Kawlni L, Bora M, Upadhyay SN, Hazra J. Pharmacological Profile of Tithonia diversifolia (Hemsl.) A.Gray: A Comprehensive Review. J Drug Res Ayurvedic Sci 2017;2(3):183-187.

End-of-life care part 1: implications for paramedic practice

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helen Taylor ◽  
James Brogan
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
End Of Life ◽  
End Of Life Care ◽  
Mental Capacity ◽  
Life Care ◽  
Long Period ◽  
Life Sustaining Treatment ◽  
Advance Decisions ◽  
Unexpected Outcome ◽  
Dying Patient

Caring for patients who are approaching the end of life is an important part of the paramedic's role. Patients' circumstances are individual; for some, death is expected and may even a welcome (albeit sad) relief from a long period of pain and distress, while for others it is a tragic, unexpected outcome after every effort to prevent it has been exhausted. Regardless of circumstances, paramedics have to make wide-ranging clinical decisions, underpinned by a complex legal and regulatory framework. Paramedics generally have to obtain a patient's informed consent before proceeding with any intervention. They may be challenged if a dying patient refuses life-sustaining treatment or no longer has the mental capacity to consent and need to know the law on decision-making in these cases. This article discusses issues around capacity and consent at the end of life. The next article in this series considers issues such as advance decisions to refuse treatment and do not attempt CPR decisions.

scholarly journals PHYTOCHEMICAL AND ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL REVIEW OF HETEROPYXIS NATALENSIS

2019 ◽  
pp. 8-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
ALFRED MAROYI
Keyword(s):  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Herbal Medicines ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Bleeding Disorders ◽  
Ethnoveterinary Medicine ◽  
Medicinal Uses ◽  
Pharmacological Studies ◽  
Phytochemical Compounds ◽  
The University ◽  
Conference Papers

The bark, leaves, roots, and twigs of Heteropyxis natalensis are widely used as herbal medicines in Southern Africa. The aim of this study was to review the phytochemical and ethnopharmacological properties of H. natalensis so as to provide baseline data required for evaluating the therapeutic potential of the species. Information on the botanical profile, medicinal uses, phytochemistry, and pharmacological properties of H. natalensis was undertaken using databases such as ScienceDirect, SciFinder, PubMed, Google Scholar, Medline, SCOPUS, EThOS, ProQuest, OATD, and open-thesis. Pre-electronic literature of conference papers, scientific articles, books, book chapters, dissertations, and theses were carried out at the university library. Literature search revealed that H. natalensis is used as an aphrodisiac, anti-infection, blood purifier, decongestant, for weaning, ethnoveterinary medicine and as herbal medicine for bleeding disorders, gums, nose, colds, gum infections, impotence, menorrhagia, respiratory disorders, toothache, and wounds. Phytochemical compounds identified from the species include essential oils, 3β-hydroxylup-20(29)-en-28-al, (E)-1-(2’,4’-dihyroxy,5’- methoxy,3’-methylphenyl)-3-phenylprop-2-en-1-one, (2E)-2-[(2E)-1-hydroxy-3-phenylprop-2-en-1-ylidene]-5-methoxy-6,6-dimethylcyclohex-4-ene- 1,3-dione, 2’,4’-dihydroxy-6’-methoxy-3’,5’-dimethylchalcone, 3’,4’,5’-tri-O-methyl-3,4-methylenedioxy ellagic acid, 3,5,7-trihydroxyflavan, 5-hydroxy- 7-methoxy-6-methylflavanone, aurentiacin A, betulinic acid, cardamomin, lupenone, lupeol, quercetin, and sitost-4-en-3-one. Pharmacological studies revealed that H. natalensis extracts and compounds have antibacterial, antimycobacterial, antifungal, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, cytotoxicity, and pro-inflammatory activities. Detailed studies are required to establish the efficacy, clinical relevance, safety and mechanisms of action of the plant extracts, and compounds of H. natalensis.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document