scholarly journals Epidemiology of Oncological Diseases in the Nizhny Novgorod Region in 2017–2019

2021 ◽  
pp. 417-425
Author(s):  
Sergey A. Saburtsev ◽  
◽  
Pavel G. Chemodanov
Keyword(s):  
Absolute Number ◽  
Biological Research ◽  
Steady Increase ◽  
Malignant Neoplasms ◽  
Positive Trend ◽  
Malignant Tumours ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Oncological Diseases ◽  
The City ◽  
Nizhny Novgorod Region

As we know, neoplasms are characterized by high prevalence. The purpose of this study was to analyse the dynamics of cancers in the Nizhny Novgorod Region in 2017–2019. Materials and methods. The object of this research were the residents of the city of Nizhny Novgorod and the Nizhny Novgorod Region who sought medical help at Polyclinic No. 3 of the Volga District Medical Centre, Russia’s Federal Medical-Biological Agency (Nizhny Novgorod). Computed tomography was used to diagnose neoplasms. Results. In 2017, 50,470 diseases were identified, of which 2548 were neoplasms (599 malignant, and the rest benign). In 2018, 57,012 diseases were diagnosed, of which 2710 neoplasms, 639 being malignant. In 2019, the statistics was rather similar: a total of 55,110 diseases, of which 2705 neoplasms (661 malignant). Thus, the total number of diagnosed diseases, neoplasms included, was somewhat less in 2017, which can be explained by certain improvement in diagnostics and reporting, as well as a more active participation of the population in screening in 2018–2019. The absolute number of malignant neoplasms, although not much, still grows annually, and they are typically diagnosed after the age of 55–60 years. In general, the most often attacked is the digestive system, which is indicated by a steady increase in the number of new diagnoses by 1.5–2 % each year. Fortunately, there is also a positive trend, i.e. the number of malignant tumours of the excretory system, skin and female repr oductive system is falling. For citation: Saburtsev S.A., Chemodanov P.G. Epidemiology of Oncological Diseases in the Nizhny Novgorod Region in 2017–2019. Journal of Medical and Biological Research, 2021, vol. 9, no. 4, pp. 417–425. DOI: 10.37482/2687-1491-Z079

scholarly journals Prevalence of tumor pathology of dogs in the metropolis

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 98-104
Author(s):  
G. V. Samoilіuk
Keyword(s):  
Bone Neoplasms ◽  
Soft Tissue Sarcomas ◽  
Skin Neoplasms ◽  
Benign Tumors ◽  
Malignant Neoplasms ◽  
Tumor Pathology ◽  
Hind Limbs ◽  
Oncological Diseases ◽  
Myxoid Liposarcomas ◽  
The City

A statistical analysis of the prevalence of tumor pathology of dogs in the city of Dnipro. 418 cases of registered oncological diseases of dogs were analyzed. It was found that malignant neoplasms are 1.5 times more common than benign. The most common tumors in dogs are tumors of the breast (35,9%), skin (22,0%), genitals (15,3%) and lymphoma(8,4%). Malignant neoplasms of the breast are registered 3.6 times more often than benign and surpass them in morphological varieties. Fibroadenomas and infiltrating and non-infiltrating carcinomas were mainly registered. Approximately the same number of cases of infiltrating and non-infiltrating cancers were noted. Benign skin tumors are more common than malignant. Mastocytosis, melanoma, and squamous and basal cell carcinomas of the skin and sebaceomas were the most commonly reported. In terms of morphological varieties, benign skin neoplasms are superior to malignant ones. Lipomas and papillomas are very common. Genital neoplasms of females and males are also common. Almost half of male genital tumors were malignant seminomas. Among benign neoplasms, serteliomas and leydigomas were more common. In females, the most common are uterine leiomyoma, vaginal fibroma and ovarian carcinoma. Lymphomas (8.4%) are also widespread in dogs in the metropolis. The average age of registration of these neoplasms was 7.5 years. Benign tumors in the oral cavity of dogs were twice as common as malignant, of which fibrosarcomas, squamous keratinized and non-keratinized carcinomas, and salivary gland adenocarcinomas were reported. In females, oral neoplasia occurred 3.2 times more often than in males. Only malignant venereal sarcomas and carcinomas were found in the nasal cavity of dogs. Sexual and pedigree predisposition was not observed here. Among neoplasms of muscles and bones there was only a malignant oncological pathology. Rhabdomyosarcomas, fibrosarcomas, myxoid liposarcomas and other soft tissue sarcomas were diagnosed in different parts of the dog’s body. Bone neoplasms are represented by osteosarcomas. Dogs of large breeds were most often affected and in most cases the hind limbs were affected. The predominant histological subtype was osteoblastic osteosarcoma.

IMPROVEMENT OF THE PROCESS APPROACH IN THE ROUTING OF PATIENTS WITH MALIGNANT MALIGNANCES OF THE MAXILLOFACIAL REGION IN THE TERRITORY OF THE PENZA REGION IN 2021

2021 ◽  
pp. 149-155
Author(s):  
Lebedev M.V. ◽  
Kerimova K.I. ◽  
Zakharova I.Yu.
Keyword(s):  
Medical Care ◽  
Service Management ◽  
Steady Increase ◽  
Malignant Neoplasms ◽  
Clinical Approach ◽  
Highly Qualified ◽  
Management Decisions ◽  
Maxillofacial Region ◽  
Oncological Diseases ◽  
The Right

The worldwide concern about oncological morbidity is due to the steady increase in the detection rate of malignant neoplasms, which has a tendency to increase. More than 7 million people die from oncology every year in the world. The system of organizing the provision of medical care to the population with oncological diseases in the Russian Federation is currently undergoing a stage of improvement. New programs are aimed at early diagnosis and prevention of malignant neoplasms. Each region has the right to create and implement routing taking into account the territorial characteristics and the existing material and technical base and personnel. The routing system, created for a specific region, determines the order of treatment of patients and the functions of all links in the system of providing medical care to patients with oncopathology. An optimized system for routing patients according to the "Oncology" profile for patients with malignant neoplasms of the maxillofacial region should be structured in accordance with the regional healthcare system. A complex system of interaction, an information system capable of containing and processing a set of information, a trained interested staff dictate the need for making management decisions in the direction of optimizing the oncological service. Management decisions and technologies should be focused on improving the quality and speed of patient admission, providing highly qualified medical care using modern equipment and algorithms. The staff, in turn, determines the basis of the health care system, in connection with which it is necessary to continue education, identify and search for specialists that a specific organization needs, on which the functioning of the entire service for providing medical care to patients with oncopathology of the maxillofacial region depends. In general, the optimization of the system of providing medical care to patients with malignant neoplasms of the maxillofacial region dictates the need to combine organizational measures and a clinical approach. Unambiguously, the multi-component system of integration of various directions and departments in the process of organizing an oncological service predetermines the need to use modern management technologies and the use of all available resources in order to improve the quality of medical care.

scholarly journals Intensity of development of somatic diseases of children's population in Kizlyar and Khasavyurt and cancer incidence

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 58-64
Author(s):  
F. I. Osmanova ◽  
I. N. Osmanov ◽  
T. F. Kosyreva
Keyword(s):  
Well Being ◽  
Preschool Age ◽  
Malignant Neoplasms ◽  
Male Population ◽  
Female Population ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Permanent Occlusion ◽  
Oncological Diseases ◽  
Somatic Diseases ◽  
The City

Aim. Study of the development of somatic and oncological diseases and the state of the dentoalveolar system as an indicator of somatic health on the example of the city of Kizlyar (a city of ecological trouble) and the city of Khasavyurt (ecological well-being).Materials and methods. To determine the health status of children and their mothers, a survey was conducted of 1015 children and (or) their parents (three age groups of the study), of which 528 were girls and 487 were boys, and for comparison, 542 children aged 2-17 years in the city of Khasavyurt (ecological well-being) northern zone of Dagestan. Patient selection criteria: 1) identical area of residence (Kizlyar, Khasavyurt); 2) children of preschool age from 2-6 years (1, 2, 3 health groups in the absence of somatic diseases in sub- and decompensated forms), 4 health groups with chronic somatic diseases and congenital malformations; 3) Children at the age of the period of changeable occlusion from 7 to 13 years old, 1-4 health groups; 4) Children aged 14 to 17 years of permanent occlusion, 1-4 health groups.Results. According to a study of schoolchildren aged 7 to 17 years in the city of Kizlyar, 47.1% of children with habitual mouth breathing or mixed breathing. Infantile type of swallowing in children was found in 23.8% of cases. Violation of posture in children was observed in 29% of cases, while in children from the city of Khasavyurt, this type of violation was observed only in 10.5% of cases. The main localizations of malignant neoplasms in the male population are the respiratory organs, stomach, skin, bladder, lip; in the structure of oncological morbidity in the female population, the largest number of patients with neoplasms of the mammary gland, skin, lymphatic and hematopoietic tissue, cervix, and stomach.In the population (period of permanent occlusion), there was a significant decrease in tumors from 0.8% to 0.4% out of 1000 examined, the endocrine system from 0.5% to 0.4%, blood diseases from 0.2% to 0.1%.Conclusions. The results obtained confirm the presence and development of somatic and oncological diseases from unfavorable factors in the region of residence. All indicators for the city of Khasavyurt (ecological well-being) 2 times lower than the data of the city of Kizlyar (city of ecological trouble). 

scholarly journals Antitumour Drug Induced Cardiovascular Toxicity and Current Tumour Treatment Methods

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 285-292
Author(s):  
K. S. Gumerova ◽  
G. M. Sakhautdinova ◽  
I. M. Polyakova
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Malignant Neoplasm ◽  
Malignant Neoplasms ◽  
Malignant Tumours ◽  
Drug Induced ◽  
Replication Process ◽  
Research Attention ◽  
Treatment Methods ◽  
Oncological Diseases ◽  
The Impact

Currently the oncological mortality takes the second place globally, the leading cause being cardiovascular diseases. The statistics of malignant neoplasms is rather negative all over the world. 10 million of cases of oncological disorders are diagnosed annually; this means that 27 million people fall sick with oncological diseases annually. It was established in 2019 that there are 14 million people suffering from oncological diseases, 8.2 million of these die. WHO anticipates that in 20 years’ time the malignant neoplasm incidence statistics will be on an increase as the number of new cases will reach 20 million, 12 million out of which will die. Regardless of such formidable figures medicine does not stand still; keeping up with the times, the science attempts to develop cutting edge methods of treating malignant tumours. As a result, the treatment of malignant neoplasms is continuing to improve. However, the number of side effects is also growing, thus requiring research attention. Therefore, the significance of the impact that oncological drugs have on a patient’s body is becoming more and more urgent for further discussion. While current tumour treatment methods involving drugs such as tyrosine kinase inhibitors, anthracycline chemotherapy and immunotherapy protocols are effective for the treatment of various forms of cancer, these drugs affect the DNA replication process thus resulting in endothelial dysfunction and nonspecific immune response. This causes cardiotoxic side effects. Cardiotoxicity, in its turn, is a notion that includes various adverse events involving the cardiovascular system of oncological patients receiving drug treatment. Cardiotoxicity may develop during treatment or following its completion.

Establishment and Evaluation of a Pilot Child Car Seat Rental Scheme in New Zealand

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 77 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-172
Author(s):  
David C. Geddis ◽  
Ian C. Appleton
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Newborn Infant ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Steady Increase ◽  
National Scale ◽  
Car Seat ◽  
Pilot Scheme ◽  
The City

The method of operation of a pilot car seat rental scheme is described. It is unique in that there are sufficient seats to accommodate every newborn infant in the city. Both infant and child seats are available. The pattern of use since the establishment of the scheme in December 1981 is reported. Currently 60% to 70% of parents rent infant seats and 35% to 40% rent child seats. Yearly roadside observations have shown a steady increase in the number of restrained children. In 1981 no infants traveled in approved restraints. In 1984 66% did so. The 1984 results for other age groups were: 6 to 18 months of age, 88%; 18 months to 2½ years of age, 82%; 2½ to 3½ years of age, 66%; 3½ to 4½ years of age, 62%. At this time no legislation applied to children less than 8 years of age. The success of this pilot scheme suggests it should be expanded on a national scale.

scholarly journals Hearing symptoms personal stereos

2012 ◽  
Vol 16 (02) ◽  
pp. 163-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Borja ◽  
Tiara da Luz
Keyword(s):  
Prospective Study ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
High Volume ◽  
Inverse Relation ◽  
Observational Prospective Study ◽  
Frequent Use ◽  
Long Run ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
The City ◽  
Exposition Time

Summary Introduction: Practical and portable the personal stereos if had become almost indispensable accessories in the day the day. Studies disclose that the portable players of music can cause auditory damages in the long run for who hear music in high volume for a drawn out time. Objective: to verify the prevalence of auditory symptoms in users of amplified players and to know its habits of use Method: Observational prospective study of transversal cut carried through in three institutions of education of the city of Salvador BA, being two of public net and one of the private net. 400 students had answered to the questionnaire, of both the sex, between 14 and 30 years that had related the habit to use personal stereos. Results: The symptoms most prevalent had been hyperacusis (43.5%), auricular fullness (30.5%) and humming (27.5), being that the humming is the symptom most present in the population youngest. How much to the daily habits: 62.3% frequent use, 57% in raised intensities, 34% in drawn out periods. An inverse relation between exposition time was verified and the band of age (p = 0,000) and direct with the prevalence of the humming. Conclusion: Although to admit to have knowledge on the damages that the exposition the sound of high intensity can cause the hearing, the daily habits of the young evidence the inadequate use of the portable stereos characterized by long periods of exposition, raised intensities, frequent use and preference for the insertion phones. The high prevalence of symptoms after the use suggests a bigger risk for the hearing of these young.

scholarly journals Current Trends and Possibilities of Providing Medical Palliative Care in Chronic Heart Failure

Kardiologiia ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 84-92
Author(s):  
V. N. Larina ◽  
I. I. Chukaeva ◽  
V. G. Larin
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Palliative Care ◽  
Chronic Heart Failure ◽  
Terminal Phase ◽  
Treatment Resistant ◽  
Current Trends ◽  
Appropriate Care ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Oncological Diseases ◽  
Specialized Palliative Care

Chronic heart failure (CHF) is an important healthcare problem because of high prevalence, morbidity and mortality rates. Treatment resistant symptoms, need for communication and support, unite patients with CHF and oncological diseases but despite that CHF patients rarely receive specialized palliative care (SPC). This review is devoted to the need and possible ways of providing SPC to patients with CHF and their families. We discuss here variants of CHF course in terminal phase, the term end of life appropriate care, various specialists’ concepts of SPC delivering to CHF patients in accordance with their preferences.

scholarly journals Spatial shrinking and polarization of rural space in the Republic of Tatarstan in the context of population depopulation

2020 ◽  
pp. 32-45
Author(s):  
D.O. Egorov ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Population Growth ◽  
Rural Population ◽  
Total Population ◽  
Steady Increase ◽  
Rural Space ◽  
Regional Center ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The City ◽  
Municipal Level ◽  
Administrative Center

The article analyzes the directions and intensity of rural population depopulation from the standpoint of its influence on the transformation of settlement in the Republic of Tatarstan from the 1970s to the present. Three periods of changes in the distribution of the rural population were identified: soviet (1970–1991), de-urbanization (1991–2000) and suburbanization (weakly expressed in the 2000s and clearly pronounced since the 2010s). The first period under consideration fell on the peak of the decline in the rural population, but the pole near the regional center depopulated less intensively than the distant periphery. The de-urbanization period did not have clear territorial trends in changes in the number of inhabitants. In the 2010s. There is a steady increase in the population in the areas of neighbors of the largest cities of the republic. A more detailed study showed that this increase is largely associated with the settlement of urban-type residential complexes. 1970 to 2019 the share of rural residents living in areas bordering the city of Kazan and Naberezhnye Chelny increased from 15.1 to 25%. Similar polarization processes are taking place at the municipal level. The period considered from 2002 to 2019 showed the process of increasing the share of the population of the administrative center from the total population of the district. In more than half of the cases, this process took place due to population growth in the centers of municipalities and the decline of the rest of the population. The population in other municipalities decreased in the administrative centers less intensively than outside them.

scholarly journals Clinical and Epidemiological Characteristics of Infections Associated with Surgery and Treatment of Oncological Diseases

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-156
Author(s):  
G. G. Badamshina ◽  
V. B. Ziatdinov ◽  
L. M. Fatkhutdinova ◽  
G. M. Тrukhina ◽  
B. A. Bakirov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Incidence Structure ◽  
Risk Of Infection ◽  
Managerial Decision ◽  
Efficient Tool ◽  
Epidemiological Analysis ◽  
Oncological Diseases ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Epidemiological Characteristics ◽  
The City ◽  
Statistical Record

Introduction. In the Russian Federation there is a constantly updated register of infections associated with surgery and the treatment of oncological diseases reporting which is mandatory. Massive expenses and detriment to patients’ health caused by these infections prompted the authors to run a retrospective epidemiological analysis of the morbidity registered in the population of the city of Kazan during the period under review. This paper presents a study of patterns of the emergence and spread of nosocomial infections.This study aims to examine the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of infections associated with surgery and the treatment of oncological diseases registered in the population of the city of Kazan.Materials and methods. Authors analysed the Emergency Notifications for an Infectious Disease (form 058/u) as well as the data from the Rospotrebnadzor Federal Statistical Record Form №2. The paper presents the morbidity annual dynamics, structure and spatial characteristics and describes key pathogens of HAIs.Results and discussion. On the basis of the data obtained the authors give clinical and epidemiological characteristics of the annual dynamics of the morbidity characterised by recurrent rises during the year with the top incidence in the autumn. Neonatal PSI infections dominate the HAIs incidence structure (52.8%). St. aureus is the priority HAI pathogen (26.5% of cases) in the city of Kazan.Conclusion. Microbiological monitoring of emerging HAIs is an efficient tool for managerial decision making and the development of an algorithm for anti-epidemic measures in the departments and the hospital as a whole for the reduction of risk of infection.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document