METHODOLOGICAL BASES OF A.S. MAKARENKO’S PEDAGOGY AND HUMANISTIC GUIDELINES OF MODERN EDUCATION

The article deals with the methodological sources and humanistic guidelines of modern education. The philosophical bases of A.S. Makarenko’s pedagogy and pedagogical ideas of G.V. Mohnenko are presented. New approaches to eliminating bad habits such as smoking, alcoholism and drug addiction are shown in modern conditions. The purpose of the study is to identify and systematize humanistic guidelines and dimensions, their meaning and prospects in modern education. In his colonies A.S. Makarenko organized a humanistic and democratic micro-society. One of his main pedagogical ideas was the education of the individual in the team and through the team. The young teacher tokk interest in philosophical works, literature, psychology, history and other sciences, in particular, the works by Bergson, Schopenhauer, Nietzsche and others. The idea of pedagogical expediency was successfully implemented in the practice of A.S. Makarenko, and is closely intertwined with the concept of "common sense" by Henri Bergson. The article considers the following principles of Makarenko's pedagogy: parallel action, i.e. influence on the personality through the team, reliance on positive in the pupil’s personality, perspective lines in the development of the team, "tomorrow's joy" and others. Nowadays, new societal challenges have emerged that require new approaches to education in the context of the spread of alcoholism, smoking and drug addiction. An important and interesting experience is the approaches of Gennady Viktorovich Mokhnenko, an innovative teacher, the founder and head of the largest children's rehabilitation center "Republic Pilgrim" and a network of rehabilitation centers for adults.

Mathematical simulation of the processes of two-beam laser controlled thermal-splitting of quartz glass

The paper presents the results of modeling the processes of controlled thermal cracking of quartz glass under the parallel action of two infrared laser beams of different geometries on the material: with maximum intensity in the center and with zero intensity in the center (annular section). To calculate the temperature distribution in the material, the method of Green's functions was used, which allows us to obtain a well-interpreted solution for almost any type of function of surface heat sources. Further, taking into account the quasi-static approach, using the methods of the classical theory of thermoelasticity, thermoelastic microstresses were calculated, both on the surface and in the depth of the material. It is established that the simultaneous use of these two types of laser exposure makes it possible to control the temperature field more efficiently, and create prerequisites for the most stable formation of a microcrack. The simulation results show that with a bi-beam effect, the micromechanical stresses necessary for the formation of a microcrack are realized in shorter time intervals, both on the surface and in the depth of the material, which allows increasing the processing speed by up to 30 %. Strengthening control over the process of controlled thermal cracking can significantly reduce the percentage of defects and improve the quality of the resulting microeletronics products.

Storytelling Cuts and Film Grammar

Chapter 7 explores how film grammar is used to design shots that can be cut together in ways that conform to continuity editing. Using film grammar keeps discontinuities that create abrupt jumps in time and space from arising during cuts. Stories flow naturally and viewers are not conscious of the editing. Film is a language, and film grammar helps achieve the goal of clear communication. Film grammar would not be needed if cuts were never made, but cuts are almost always needed for both practical and storytelling reasons. This chapter examines cutting for such reasons as dramatic emphasis, to show reactions, to create meaningful juxtapositions, to continue the story at a different time or in a new location, to show parallel action, and to switch between objective and subjective coverage of a character.

Compressing, Expanding, and Ending Scenes

Chapter 9 describes and illustrates several shooting and editing techniques for compressing or expanding time within a scene, as well as techniques for ending scenes. A movie usually tells a story that takes place over days, months, or years. Compressing a story into an hour or two of screen time requires techniques that move time ahead in ways that seem natural to viewers. Most of a film’s acceleration of time occurs between scenes, but time within a scene is often compressed even though it seems continuous. Some of the time manipulation techniques that are examined are transitions, jump cuts, cutaways, cross-cutting scenes with parallel action, repeating action, and slow motion.

Stage text of the musical «Next to normal» in Michael Grief’s production

Theoretical Background. The concept of stage text is actualized in musical science in the context of a variety of samples of director’s theater, in which the stage decision may dissonant or act as a counterpoint to the original musical (ie compositional) text of the work. Sometimes the musical score is only the starting point for the director’s version. T. Grigoryants (2007), M. Kosilkin (2017), M. Kuklinska (2018; 2020) turn to the analysis of the stage text. Among the parameters that M. Kosilkin draws attention to are psychological types (2017: 85), which are embodied through facial expressions and gestures, plasticity and movements, the appearance of the character; and a set of pictorial means – costumes, objects and decorations. Unlike traditional opera, the director of a Broadway musical of the XXI century (especially on modern plots), as a rule, does not face the problem of modernization of stage means or compliance of the stage solution with the expectations and inertia of the audience. However, within this genre it is important to understand what aesthetic tasks are solved by this or that production and what happens in the dynamics of the stage life of the musical, whether the elements of the stage text are written in the score, or, conversely, the director is required to find a solution. Objectives. The aim is to identify the features of the stage text of the musical «Next to normal» – its main components and functions in relation to the musical score. In accordance with the purpose, such methods are used as comparative (to compare the composer’s and stage texts), structural and functional (to identify individual elements of the stage text and their role in revealing the plot and dramaturgy of the whole). Results and Discussion. Unlike directorial experimentalism in the field of opera, where the score may lose “its leading role, giving way to the leadership of a musical performance” (Kuklinskaya, 2020), the Broadway musical «Next to normal» illustrates the unity of the composer and director who seek to be understood by the public. Last but not least, this is due to the fact that some elements of the plot are so cinematic that they seem to be inaccessible for the implementation of purely musical and stage means. Thus, the stage realization of the image of a ghost, various «flashbacks» (№ 5), the delimitation of frames of parallel action (№ 16), the release of Diana’s consciousness during ECT (№ 18) is extremely difficult. However, the director manages to do it with minimal means, without involving special effects. Among the most important tools for creating stage text are: ● two-level stage with different sectors allows to implement fast spacetime switching while maintaining the dynamics of action and embody the idea of parallel action, a combination of real and imaginaryevents; ● the light – directed to the relevant sector of the scene, emphasizes a particular character or pair of characters, focusing the teacher’s attention on a particular plane of action; another approach – even illumination of different sectors of the scene, aimed at; ● concise props (sandwiches, trash can, candle cake, photo, box) – brings to the surface hidden subtexts and reveals the psychological characteristics of the characters hidden in the musical text, ie performs the function of objectification, specification of certain events; ● gestures – turns of the head and body of the characters indicate their «relationship» with the ghost. Since for Diana he is real, so she always turns to him. The other characters behave as if Gabe is not on the stage, and only at turning points do they begin to see him (Dan in № 37); the idea of flashback (Diana’s memories of her marriage to Dan) – is realized through a gesture – a woman reaches out to hug her husband, but catches the emptiness; ● stage action of the characters and mise-en-scène – excessive gestures and strange movements make Diana go crazy; dance and choreographic elements (Dr. Madden, Diana and Gabe), skating on the operating table (Gabe, doctors) highlight the unreal elements of the plot; the main character’s hugs with Gabe illustrate her choice in favor of a ghostly world over the real one (her husband, Dan); ● scenery – demonstratively minimalistic – it consists of key objects – the dining table symbolizes the Goodman family home, the operating room – the hospital, a comfortable chair – psychotherapy sessions; ● costumes – deserve the least attention of the directors, as the household plot focuses on everyday clothes (jeans, sweater, shirt, etc.); against this background, the dance of Gabe and Diana stands out, where they are both in white (№ 4), which gives the action a hidden subtext; white can also be seen as a symbol of madness (Diana’s shirt in the hospital). Conclusions.In terms of musical content, the production deepens the tragedy of Diana’s image, which is that she chooses a ghostly man instead of a real one. And the relationship between her and her dead son in the stage decision goes beyond the roles of «mother – son» – as evidenced by their dance, kissing hands, hugs, which allow us to consider them as a romantic couple of characters, which in the musical text of the opera is only a hint. Thus, the stage text of the musical «Next to normal» is aimed at concretizing the musical content, working with simple symbols that will be understandable to the public, and on the other– to deepen the content and multifaceted disclosure of the ghost world, hallucinations, mental disorders and madness.

The Fuzzy Control Automation Architecture of Parallel Action for the Intelligent Smart Grid Networks

Some technology introduction problems of Smart Grid in the electric networks of Ukraine are considered in the article. It is offered to apply the automats of parallel action in control system by a power supply. It is offered to make alteration in the structure of parallel action classical automat for the decision of problem vagueness detains. The general strategy is set for the construction of parallel action automats with fuzzy logic

Research of efficiency of lignite chemical modification and steam-gas activation combining for sorbents preparation*

The paper presents the results of research for sorbents preparation when combining the processes of chemical modification and steam-gas activation of lignite from the Kharanorsk deposit (Zabaikalsky Krai). The experimental studies were carried out by two ways of activation methods combination: parallel and successive exposure on feedstock. The lignite processed by chemical reagent (KOH) was exposed to steam during the whole period of thermolysis under the parallel action. Under successive exposure, the thermolysis was performed in two stages - first without steam supply, then with steam-gas activation. In the work the optimal parameters of the process of combining the chemical and steam-gas lignite activation methods were determined and the quality of the generated sorbents was studied. The efficiency of combined activation was estimated by comparing the sorption characteristics of the samples with the results obtained during chemical and steam-gas activation as autonomous processes and with the requirements to these characteristics of industrially produced active carbon grades. Combined activation of lignite allowed to increase the value of iodine adsorption activity in comparison with autonomous steam-gas activation by 1.8-2 times, chemical activation - by 2.7-10 %. The obtained values of iodine adsorption activity at combination of chemical modification and steam-gas activation exceed the value of 100 % (1000 mg/g) that meets the requirements to high quality industrially produced active carbons of SKT-0 grade.

Effectiveness of Humic Acids, Fulvic Acids and lechuguilla extract (Agave lechuguilla), as biosurfactants in the Remediation of soils contaminated with Hydrocarbons

The environmental pollution caused by oil and its derivatives is recognized as one of the most serious problems. Once spilled on the ground, most aliphatic compounds volatilize, while other hydrocarbons such as polycyclics persist on the surface causing an impact on the environment and living beings. There are a variety of techniques for treatment, but they have the disadvantage of being expensive, so viable alternatives have been sought such as bioremediation, which consist of making use of microorganisms and constitutes a very competitive technology, capable of achieving the biodegradation of hydrocarbons contained in the soils. Depending on the characteristics of the soil and the content of organic matter, the hydrocarbons of higher molecular weight and lower solubility can adsorb in the micropores of the soil particles, resulting in this being inaccessible as carbon and energy sources for the microorganisms. Therefore, surfactant agents that act by increasing bioavailability through the parallel action of the desorption and solubilization of the contaminant are required. This article compares 3 surfactant agents of natural origin, which analyze and discuss the effectiveness of each of them for the treatment of soils contaminated with hydrocarbons. Once the lechuguilla extract is obtained in cold and hot, the soil is washed, fats and oils are determined by soxhlet method and the Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) is determined, finding a marked effectiveness of the cold lechuguilla extract (Agave lechuguilla).

Adaptive Navigating Control Based on the Parallel Action-Network ADHDP Method for Unmanned Surface Vessel

The feedback PID method was mainly used for the navigating control of an unmanned surface vessel (USV). However, when the intelligent control era is coming now, the USV can be navigated more effectively. According to the USV character in its navigating control, this paper presents a parallel action-network ADHDP method. This method connects an adaptive controller parallel to the action network of the ADHDP. The adaptive controller adopts a RBF neural network approximation based on the Lyapunov stability analysis to ensure the system stability. The simulation results show that the parallel action-network ADHDP method has an adaptive control character and can navigate the USV more accurately and rapidly. In addition, this method can also eliminate the overshoot of the ADHDP controller when navigating the USV in various situations. Therefore, the adaptive stability design can greatly improve the navigating control and effectively overcome the ADHDP algorithm limitation. Thus, this adaptive control can be one of the intelligent ADHDP control methods. Furthermore, this method will be a foundation for the development of an intelligent USV controller.