Zwischen Selbsttätigkeit und Passivität. Ein Beitrag zur Rolle der Einbildungskraft und des Bildes bei Fichte und Heidegger

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 ◽  
pp. 67-89
Author(s):  
Philipp Höfele ◽  

This paper outlines a systematic relation between Fichte and Heidegger concerning their interpretations of imagination (Einbildungskraft) and image, drawing on their early and in particular their later writings. In 1929, Heidegger deems it necessary to develop his interpretation of the concept of imagination as referring to the temporality of Dasein in opposition to its interpretation as a subjective faculty in idealism, particularly in Fichte. At the same time, however, an affirmative use of the concept of imagination (Einbildung), in analogy to Fichte, can also be observed in Heidegger’s writings, as, in the 1930s, he uses it to describe the unavailable ‘event’ of Being. Moreover, in spite of his pronounced criticism of the modern understanding of the ‘world as image’, Heidegger is also aware of a positive concept of the image, that he claims for art: understood that way, the image, according to Heidegger, is able to disclose the ‘happening of truth’ (das Geschehen der Wahrheit) in the ‘shape’ (Ge-bild) of art. Conversely, in his early writings Fichte already interprets the imagination as a structure generating time and preceding the I. Yet it is only after 1800 that Fichte’s interpretation shows some analogies to Heidegger’s concept of the image, when he argues for the pictorial character of all apparent reality. Fichte conceptualises this specific character of reality both as a generating principle and as something that both originates from and is related to a concept that is situated behind reality and cannot be visualised.Der Beitrag zeigt mit Blick auf die frühen und insbesondere spateren Schriften Fichtes und Heideggers eine Nahe zwischen beiden Denkern hinsichtlich ihrer Deutungen der Einbildungskraft und des Bildes auf. Zwar meint Heidegger 1929 zunächst, seine auf die Zeitlichkeit des Daseins bezogene Interpretation der Einbildungskraft in einen Gegensatz zu der vermögenstheoretischen Auslegung derselben im Idealismus und insbesondere bei Fichte rücken zu müssen. Doch lässt sich bei ihm zugleich auch ein affirmatives Heranziehen des Einbildungsbegriffes analog zu Fichte beobachten, insofern er ihn in den dreißiger Jahren sogar zur Beschreibung des unverfügbaren ‚Ereignissesʻ des Seins heranzieht. Trotz seiner vehementen Kritik des neuzeitlichen Begreifens der ‚Welt als Bildʻ kennt überdies auch Heidegger einen positiven Bildbegriff, den er für die Kunst einklagt, die im ‚Ge-bildʻ das ‚Geschehen der Wahrheitʻ offenzulegen vermöge. Umgekehrt lässt sich auch schon beim frühen Fichte eine Interpretation der Einbildungskraft nachweisen, die diese als eine Zeit generierende und dem Ich vorgelagerte Struktur herausstellt. Doch erst nach 1800 betont Fichte ähnlich wie Heidegger die bildliche Verfasstheit aller erscheinenden Wirklichkeit, welche er in ihrem Werdecharakter sowie in ihrer Verwiesenheit auf und Abkünftigkeit von etwas dahinter noch zu Situierendem und nicht zu Verbildlichendem herauszustellen sucht.

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 142
Author(s):  
Daniya Abuzarovna Salimova ◽  
Olga Pavlovna Puchinina

The present study is complied with the topical theme “name in the text” and devoted to the problems of how precedent names as the text-forming elements function in the poems and prose works of Marina Tsvetaeva within the framework of free indirect discourse. The authors study various methods and functions of personal names. The authors make conclusions concerning the frequency of precedent names and the specific character of intertextual elements in Tsvetaeva’s text, which, on the one hand, complicates the perception of the text, but on the other hand, promotes including both the poet and the reader into the world-wide cultural and spiritual environment. The ways of introducing the name and the persona, especially within free indirect discourse, specifies the further existence of the name / or its absence in the text.


2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 25
Author(s):  
Julio Manuel Panizo Alonso

Las Visitas de Estado son una importante herramienta de desarrollo de la diplomacia. Por este motivo el ceremonial y el protocolo se ponen al servicio de la diplomacia para planificar al detalle todos y cada uno de los actos que transcurren a lo largo de estas visitas. Aunque hay grandes elementos en común en el desarrollo de este tipo de visitas, las peculiaridades locales hacen que tengan ese carácter particular que identifica los territorios, su cultura y sus costumbres. Este artículo es la segunda parteState visits are an important tool for diplomacy development. For that reason, ceremonial and protocol serve to diplomacy to plan in detail each and every act that take place throughout these visits. Although there are significant common elements in the development of this kind of visits, local peculiarities give them that specific character that identifies territories, their culture and customs. Second part.


Author(s):  
Mikael Aktor

This article is a reflection on the specific character of religious assertations and religious arguments. The basic point of view is that these religious practices should not be investigated as isolated religious phenomena sui generis, but on the contrary, that they are conditioned by and derived from common linguistic and epistemological practices that relate to the concrete material world. Religious assertations join together finction and description of the world, whereas religious arguments refer todata which are either quasi-empiric (a holy scripture  for instance) or quasi-public (a mystical experience for instance). in four text examples these derivations are investigated in the light of a two-component definition of religion, which stresses the concept of an essential difference as well as the concept of a possibility of a passage to an fro between essentially differenct categories.


2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-62
Author(s):  
Alfia I Smirnova

The purpose of the article dedicated to the 90th anniversary of Chinghiz Aitmatov’s birth is the study of the phenomenon of the writer’s artistic world, the uniqueness of which is due to a special author’s vision, manifested in the mythopoetic and philosophical understanding of life, in the “new” type of literary thinking, in creating a holistic national image of the world, in the “linguistic cosmos” of the bilingual author. On the material of the texts “The White Sheamboat”, “The Day Lasts More Than a Hundred Years”, “Scaffold”, “When the Mountains Fall (Eternal Bride)” and others, the poetics of the title, spatial loci and images of animals, the function of motives, the semantics of the circle, the specific character of poetic language are analyzed. The thirst for creativity as the need for “artistic perception of life” is considered in the article in two main aspects, formulated by Aitmatov himself as the Artist’s responsibility before the future: “knowledge of infinite beauty and infinite contradiction of the world”. The results of the text analysis are correlated in the article with the creative principles of the author, which made it possible to define the phenomenon of the artistic world of the bilingual writer as an achieving a “new level of consciousness” (Chinghiz Aitmatov’s “Linguistic Cosmos”).


2017 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 185-198
Author(s):  
Bahram Navazeni ◽  
Alireza Nabawi

World peace as an ideal situation associated with freedom and prosperity refers to a situation in which all the people of the world work together to avoid war and violence. This article is aimed at analyzing the formation and activation of the United Nations as a momentum of the international community. In Iran, after the Islamic Revolution of 1979 there has been an emphasis on dignity, human values and freedom, with responsibility before God. The Iranian constitution is opposed to all cruelty, oppression, domination and submission, and heralds the provision of social and political freedoms, within the limits of law. The present article is intended to use the descriptive-analytical method in order to study the positive concept of world peace. With the help of library resources and legal documents the present paper aims to explain the sustainable initiatives to creating of world peace contained in the Iranian Constitution, based on the Quranic verses and its interpretations of Ghotb in Egypt and Imam Khomeini in Iran. Among such principles of the constitution, is human happiness in Iran, in the entire Islamic Ummah, and in the whole human community. The Constitution also proclaims independence, freedom, the rule of justice and truth for all peoples.


Author(s):  
Mariska Leunissen

Chapter 2 discusses the changeability of natural character under the influence of factors such as diet and environment and thereby offers an explanation for the individual differences of the more and the less within a species-specific character profile. That is, while ideally all humans are by nature courageous and intelligent, and while all humans are more courageous and intelligent than any other kind of animal, some humans are by nature more courageous or intelligent than others, while others are more cowardly and less intelligent, and these differences matter for the ease with which one can acquire virtue. After identifying the material-efficient causes that produce these natural variations in character, I discuss what this means for the moral development of certain “barbarians” and “slavish people” living in different climatic regions of the world, and I offer reasons against identifying all these latter groups as counting as “natural slaves” for Aristotle.


2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Yevhen Borshchuk ◽  
Yurii Dumiak

The objective of the article is a systemic analysis of the approaches to reformation of the customs sphere, determination of the role of customs service in the process of ensuring a sustainable development under the present-day conditions. Eurointegration strategy of Ukraine necessitates the need for reformation of the national customs system in order to conform to the standards of the World Customs Organization and the perspective adaptation to the European requirements, elaboration of the development strategy with the purpose of integration with the developed countries of the world, harmonization of economic trade and ecological processes. Methodology. In the course of this analysis the customs service was considered as a complex open system with application in the research of the methodology of systemic analysis, which allowed to put emphasis on separate aspects of the specific character of its functioning. Results. In any country, customs service is an integral part of the system of state administration of the foreign economic activity, one of the important state institutes of social and economic processes administration. It ensures the balance of interests of all participants of international trade enshrined in the current conventions and agreements on the level of the international law. Modernization of the national customs system under the conditions of the European integration processes has to become an important mechanism of social and economic development and international collaboration of Ukraine. Under the present-day conditions customs service plays an important role in the achievement of goals established by the UN in the sphere of sustainable development till 2030. Some of these goals are directly connected with the strategic mission of the customs service and that is why it is important to ensure appropriate conditions for functioning of the customs service for the successful accomplishment of the tasks of sustainable development in the social, economic and ecological spheres. The key priorities of activities of the national customs system must ensure accomplishment of the main tasks of the customs authorities in the context of achieving the goals of sustainable development formulated by the World Customs Organization: formation of the favorable, safe, just and sustainable business environment for economic growth, ensuring social justice, facilitation of improving stability of the global, national and regional ecological systems and combating the climate changes. Practical implications. The performed analysis of particularities of the customs system functioning and its objectives allows to determine the role of the customs service in the achievement of the Goals of sustainable development till 2030, to highlight the key priorities in resolving the environmental problems, to form the potential of sustainable development. For Ukraine these are modernization of national society and minimization of consequences of existence of the corruption schemes. Value/originality. The use of the systemic analysis allows to detect the main problems in functioning of the customs service taking into consideration the specific character of its functioning under the present-day conditions.


Author(s):  

The article examines the linguistic and cultural phenomenon of borrowing English words in the Chinese and Russian languages in the commercial sphere as a consequence of the growing influence of English in the context of globalization. Today English has become common in every country, and more and more people are beginning to speak English. Sometimes this interest is prompted by a desire to explore international culture and to travel. However, with increasing frequency, the knowledge of English is seen as necessary for professional work, because English has become a universal tool of communication in business, commerce, and international trade. This phenomenon of Anglicization is definitely present both in China and Russia, and the article looks at the vocabulary sphere which is especially vulnerable to bor-rowings: that of commercial and trade terminology. The article gives a review of phonetic borrowings from English into Chinese and Russian, focusing on the specific character of borrowings in Chinese in connection with peculiarities of the script and sounds. It also presents respective examples of borrowings in the sphere of trade, seeks to understand why English terms are borrowed into both languages, and introduces the classification by K. Palmgren which includes commercial borrowings. The author recognizes that both China and Russia are somewhat concerned about the impact of English on their languages, feeling that the increased influx of English words and phrases may pose a threat to their future development and even potentially slow it down. The influence of English on modern Chinese and Russian languages is undoubtedly significant, and, with current policy, aimed at integration into the world economy, this influence is only expected to grow. In the context of increasing commercial connections between the countries, Anglicisms continue to replace the Russian vocabulary. However, it primarily concerns the vocabulary of trade and commerce, while in daily communication English borrowings are used much more rarely. Thus, the author concludes that, although there is a tendency toward fully replacing Russian trade and commercial terms with those of English origin and, in all probability, this tendency will only be expanding, such penetration of Anglicisms into separate spheres doesn’t threaten the integrity of the language system as a whole.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kamila Dworniczak

The author analyses the original project of the exhibition, its travels around the world and the specific character of its presentation in Poland, as well as the phenomenon of humanistic photo report seen as a visual language in transnational communication, characteristic of the modern thinking about the medium.


Vestnik NSUEM ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 91-103
Author(s):  
V. Z. Balikoev

The article deals with the problems of improving the financial literacy of Russians. And, although this problem is extremely acute throughout the world, in Russia it has a very specific character with historical, religious, cultural and socio-economic content.This is reflected in a much lower level of financial literacy of Russians. It is substantiated and argued that all decisions, programs, efforts of the country in solving this problem should be imperative,since financial literacy of the population today has become the most important factor in the efficiency of the national economy


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