The system of factors to define word change paradigms of militi-pseudonyms in the modern Ukrainian language

The article is concerned with consideration of specific characteristics of militi- pseudonyms as of made-up personal names of the military, the focus is made on the fact that the problem of normative reproduction of such proprieties in orthography is not set up. It is also emphasized that militi-pseudonyms of Ukrainian heroes of different times, in particular of liberation struggle in 1917–1922, 1938–1950, of today’s Russian-Ukrainian war, are to be written with capital letters and without inverted commas. It is recommended that such information and examples be added to the corresponding paragraph in «Ukrainian Orthography» and determined as a grammar standard. The publication involves a detailed analysis of relevant factors system necessary to define elementary paradigmatic classes of militi- pseudonyms. On the whole, there have been defined 23 out of 33 possible nouns in the modern Ukrainian literary language, which can be changed, 6 being considered as potential. Noun declension of proprieties, functioning as the military’s names, is influenced by part of speech characteristics (lexico-grammatical class of nouns, in particular substantivized verbs, numerals, adjectives, participles, adverbs, interjections, etc), by declension type (those of a noun, adjective or referred to differently declined), by lexical meaning, by belonging to a definite class or subclass of onyms, to the person category, definite gender, declension, declension group, short paradigm (only singular word forms), by different word formants, definite stem finals, identity of all word forms or inflexional rows integrity (with or without variant or analytical forms, priority of some of them) within declension paradigm, accentual, contextual, orthographic, morphological, dialect factors, possible deviation from expected forms and changes in the paradigm caused by extra lingual factors (political, military, social, cultural, religious, etc.).

Can You Develop New Interests? an Improved Instrument for Measuring Implicit Theories of Interest Development

O’Keefe et al. (2018) did not sufficiently narrow the implicit theory-of-interest development to accurately address the targeted domain: potential development of an entirely new interest. This was revealed when current participants expressed alternative interpretations of the word “change” in the indicator’s stem. This study therefore sought to first characterize a way to think about implicit theories of interest and refine the wording. However, the revised items revealed low reliability in a targeted population of Singaporeans. Was this due to the manipulation of the questions or the new test population? This was evaluated by following the same sampling procedure as O’Keefe et al. (2018) and participants were presented with both the revised and the original versions of the items. Factor analysis revealed a preferred factor structure for both versions having potential implications for understand implicit theories, as well as the dimensions of implicit theories-of-interests specifically.

MAINTENANCE OF JAVANESE JONEGOROAN LANGUAGE IN BOJONEGORO STUDENTS IN BRAWIJAYA UNIVERSITY, MALANG

Javanese of East Java dialect has several subdialects, one of which is the Jonegoroan subdialect. Jonegoroan Javanese Language (BJJ) is still spoken by a group of Bojonegoro students in the University of Brawijaya Malang in their daily communication. This study aims to 1) interpret language cases; 2) variation patterns, and 3) reveal the reason for the use of BJJ by Bojonegoro students in UB Malang. This research is a qualitative descriptive study. Data collection uses observation, interview, recording, and listening techniques. Data analysis in this study used a sociolinguistic approach with several theories, including the theory of language retention and the theory of word change. The results of this study are 1) cases of linguistics that often arise in speech use are apheresis; 2) BJJ variation patterns include forms of suffix changes and several other terms that are distinguishing or indicating BJJ identity toward Javanese in other regions; and 3) the reasons for saying BJJ is expression of regional spirit, compulsion, bonding solidarity, ethnic existence, ease of communication, habits, pride, awareness of norms, and language loyalty.

Ukrainian dialect emphasis: algorithum of the research

Dialect language as one of the main forms of the national language, which accumulates and reflects the linguistic and spiritual code of the people, its ethnic identity, is in the center of attention of linguists. Today dialects are perceived and evaluated as a phenomenon of natural functioning of language, a source of enrichment of literary language, knowledge of the ethnopsychology of the speaker, the study of historical language processes. One of the means of identifying a person in the information space is the emphasis, which is presented as a separate section in the ancient Ukrainian grammars of the XVI century. Some aspects of dialectal stress have sporadically attracted the attention of linguists in phonetic and morphological aspects. Their works, in which the peculiarities of speech in general and emphasis in particular are considered with varying completeness, serve as a reliable source in further research. A large, qualitatively new empirical base of Ukrainian dialectology has been created to date, which is the basis for the formulation and solution of complex linguistic issues, including the creation of a cadastre of dialectal phenomena and their scientific interpretation; implementation of comparative and historical-typological analysis of dialectal phenomena in national and Slavic contexts. The algorithm of research of dialectal stress is presented in the studio; stepwise analysis of mobility / immobility of accents of nouns, adjectives, pronouns, numerals in Ukrainian religious speech has been illustrated. The analysis of the dialect material presented in various sources made it possible to single out nouns, adjectives, pronouns, numerals, which differentiate and integrate the Ukrainian dialect continuum in word change, word formation. It was found that the common accentuation feature in the Ukrainian dialect space is the presence of each of these accent types; differentiation lies in the repertoire and in the fullness of the accent type. Integration-differential features in the Ukrainian dialect space in the word-changing paradigm of nouns are the emphasis of individual nouns, their forms. The proposed scheme of analysis of dialectal stress will help the researcher to systematize, classify the collected material. In the article it is impossible to give a complete list of words that differentiate the Ukrainian dialect space on the basis of emphasis. The given list of words is open. It is hoped that in the future it will be supplemented with tokens of different grammatical classes, as one of the urgent tasks of Ukrainian dialectologists is to create a cadastre of such words and phenomena that differentiate the Ukrainian dialect continuum.

Dialect as a crossroads of local and interlocal (Bukovyna dialect of the village Hrozyntsi)

The article deals with description of one dialect as a system. The purpose of of this study is to describe the main features of the dialect v. Hrozyntsi, manifested in oral dialectal speech, at all language levels. Attention is drawn to typical phonetic, morphological and syntactic dialectal features. The author’s own records from this dialect (2010), dictionary materials (2005, 2006) and lexical materials of this village are the source base of the study. The interview method was used to record the material. The features of word change of noun parts of speech and conjugation of verbs, morphological features of nouns (vacillation in the genus), adjectives (creation of degrees of comparison), dialectal forms of pronouns and adverbs are characterizes for the dialect morphological system. Some previously unknown words have been found, they enriches the vocabulary of the dialect. This material supplement the Dictionary Bukovyna Dialects of with new information: new words, original semantics of famous words, new word forms, expands the idea of the localization of individual words. Among the dialect words there are a number of literary names that have passed into the passive, but continue to function in the dialect. This fact testifies to the connection between literary language and its dialectal variants. The obtained results make it possible confirm that this dialect is Bukovyna dialect with the features of Podillia dialect.

On the Construction of Reverse Proverbs

Proverbs are the essence of language and culture, which are concise in speech but contain lots of connotations. And they are the summary of people's daily life as well as people's wisdom. Meanwhile proverbs have the characteristics of refinement, nationality, religion, region and stability. With the change of times, some proverbs are obviously out of date, dying out gradually, and some proverbs continue to develop and bring forth some new ones. Through reverse thinking, adopting word order shift, word change, parody, ellipsis and antonym to construct a new one. The foundation of its construction depends on many factors such as the text information of the original proverbs and the scholars themselves.