Internet of Things (IoT) Security and Privacy

In recent years the Internet of Things (IoT) has rapidly become a revolutionary technological invention causing significant changes to the way both corporate computing systems, and even household gadgets and appliances, are designed and manufactured. The aim of this chapter is to highlight the security and privacy issues that may affect the evolution of IoT technology. The privacy issues are discussed from customer perspectives: first, the IoT privacy concern where the privacy debates on IoT and the IoT privacy that reflected from users' perspective based on the examination of previous researches results. In addition, the different architectures for IoT are discussed. Finally, the chapter discusses the IoT security concern by collecting, analyzing and presenting the major IoT security concerns in the literature as well as providing some potential solutions to these concerns.

Key Microwave and Millimeter Wave Technologies for 5G Radio

This chapter presents an overview on the drivers behind the 5G evolution and explains technological breakthroughs in the microwave and millimeter wave domain that will create the 5G backbone. Extensions to millimeter wave frequency bands, advanced multi-antenna systems and antenna beamforming and simultaneous transmission and reception are some of the prospects that could lead to both architectural and component disruptive design changes in the future 5G. 5G is expected to include an innovative set of technologies that will radically change our private and professional lives, though applications of novel services, such as remote healthcare, driverless cars, wireless robots and connected homes, which will alter boundaries between the real and the cyber world.

Wireless Sensor Network With Always Best Connection for Internet of Farming

The Internet of Things (IoT) is transforming the agriculture industry and enables farmers to deal with the vast challenges in the industry. Internet of Farming (IoF) applications increases the quantity, quality, sustainability as well as cost effectiveness of agricultural production. Farmers leverage IoF to monitor remotely, sensors that can detect soil moisture, crop growth and livestock feed levels, manage and control remotely the smart connected harvesters and irrigation equipment, and utilize artificial intelligence based tools to analyze operational data combined with 3rd party information, such as weather services, to provide new insights and improve decision making. The Internet of Farming relies on data gathered from sensor of Wireless Sensor Network (WSN). The WSN requires a reliable connectivity to provide accurate prediction of the farming system. This chapter proposes a strategy that provides always best connectivity (ABC). The strategy considers a routing protocol to support Low-power and lossy networks (LLN), with a minimum energy usage. Two scenarios are presented.

The Role of Autonomous Computing, Cloud Computing, and Multimedia in IoT

Connecting a large number of physical objects equipped with sensors to the Internet generates what is called “big data.” Big data needs smart and efficient storage. The emerging and developing technology of cloud computing is defined by the US National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) as an access model to an on-demand network of shared configurable computing sources such as networks, servers, warehouses, applications, and services. The manual installation and management of IoT devices becomes impractical due to the large numbers involved. Specifically, there exists an inefficiency that can be resolved by minimizing user intervention. The manual maintenance of a large number of devices becomes inefficient, and demands the presence of intelligent and dynamic management schemes. In addition, Internet of Things systems cannot successfully realize the notion of ubiquitous connectivity of everything if they are not capable to truly include ‘multimedia things'.

IoT Architecture and Protocols in 5G Environment

The Internet of Things (IoT) is defined by the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) and IoT European Research Cluster (IERC) as a dynamic global network infrastructure with self-configuring capabilities based on standard and interoperable communication protocols where physical and virtual “things” have identities, physical attributes and virtual personalities, use intelligent interfaces and are seamlessly integrated into the information network. Many of the applications and use cases that drive the requirements and capabilities of 5G are about end-to-end communication between devices. This chapter describes the enabling technologies for the Internet of Things, the IoT architecture, the network and communication infrastructure for IoT, and the importance of scalability for 5G based IoT systems. Also, naming and addressing issues in IoT is presented along with an overview of the existing data exchange protocols that can be applied to IoT based systems.

5G

In evolution towards a successful mobile communications, the radio technology plays major role and the chosen radio technology should be spectrally efficient, robust and reliable. OFDM provided the much needed spectral efficiency, reliability, robustness and scalability for LTE, compared to the previous access methods such as TDMA, FDMA, and CDMA. For 5G, we should look for more spectrally efficient and massively scalable radio technology to cater to IoT and high bandwidth applications. The objective of this chapter is to introduce the 5G radio system, its challenges from both user and network perspective, and the key disruptive technologies for 5G – such as carrier aggregation, waveform engineering, full duplex, Multi-RAT, flexible networks, and Massive MIMO. Finally, the chapter discusses the current developments in 5G radio research.

Smart Real-Time Internet-of-Things Network Monitoring System

The network traffic of the Internet became huge and more complex due to the expansion of the Internet technology in supporting the convergence of IP networks, Internet of Things, and social networks. As a consequence, a more sophisticated network monitoring tool is desired in order to prevent an enterprise network from malware attacks, to maintain its availability as high as possible at any time, and to maintain the network's healthiness. This chapter offers a development of real-time network monitoring tool platform. The research component of this chapter attempts to answer the challenges of making the monitoring tool become smarter and more accurate by applying artificial intelligence techniques. In addition, a research on buffering techniques to speed up the traffic data acquisition process and micro-controller unit design for sensor-based applications are also carried out. In the development component, some ground works has already been done such as network traffic packets capturing modules, and packets decoding modules. The system development uses Java Eclipse platform.

5G

Cellular communications has evolved from 1G to 4G to cater for the various service offerings of voice communication, data exchange and web browsing. The coming generation, 5G, is aiming at the wider concept of the Internet of things (IoT). A broad consensus by industry and standards organizations is to introduce 5G around 2020 time frame. This chapter will overview 5G as a necessary platform for the success of the IoT. It provides an overview of 1G to 4G evolution and the demand issues behind 5G while discussing deficiencies of 4G LTE which prohibits it from rising up to the challenges presented in IoT. On the path to 5G, the chapter outlines the 5G Vision, its requirements, use cases, business models and value creation. Discussions of some of the 5G challenges are included in the chapter; its coexistence with current technologies, its strict latency and high spectrum requirements, and the performance and variability of the QoS requirements of 5G applications. Finally, an outline of 5G research activities and initiatives across the globe is provided.

Sensor Cloud

With the advancement of wireless sensor networks (WSN) and the increasing use of sensors in various industrial, environmental and commercial fields, it is difficult to store and process the volume of generated data on local platforms. Cloud computing provides scalable resources to perform analysis of online as well as offline data streams generated by sensor networks. This can help to overcome the weakness of WSN in combining and analyzing heterogeneous and large numbers of sensory data. This chapter presents a comprehensive survey on state-of-the-art results in the context of cloud –enabled large-scale sensor networks. The chapter also discusses the objectives, architecture and design issues of the generic sensor-cloud platform.

5G IoT Industry Verticals and Network Requirements

The effective provisioning of industry verticals over the next-to-come 5G systems opens novel business opportunities for telco operators especially when considering the integration of Internet of Things (IoT) devices as enablers of business cases based on remote sensing and control. This chapter highlights the main features of IoT verticals with particular attention on healthcare, smart cities, industry automation and entertainment business cases. The aim of this Chapter is to derive the requirements such IoT verticals pose in terms of design features to be considered in the standardization of 5G systems. This chapter presents the state of the art on the contribution from the research community and standardization bodies to address the 5G design characteristics with particular attention to the features enabling a proper management of IoT-oriented business cases.