An Experimental Analysis of Modified EEECARP

Designing various energy-saving routing protocols for real-time internet of things (IoT) applications in modern secure wireless sensor networks (MS-WSN) is a tough task. Many hierarchical protocols for WSNs were not well scalable to large-scale IoT applications. Low energy adaptive two-level-CH clustering hierarchy (LEATCH) is an optimized technique reduces the energy-utilization of few cluster heads, but the LEATCH is not suitable for scalable and dynamic routing. For dynamic routing in MS-WSN, energy efficiency and event clustering adaptive routing protocol (EEECARP) with event-based dynamic clustering and relay communication by selecting intermediates nodes as relay-nodes is necessary. However, EEECARP cannot consider the hop-count, different magnitude ecological conditions, and energy wastage in cluster formation while collisions occur. So, the authors propose the modified EEECARP to address these issues for better dynamic event clustering adaptive routing to improve the lifetime of MS-WSNs. The experimental outcomes show that proposed protocol achieves better results than EEECARP and LEATCH.

Critical Success Factors to Create 5G Networks in the Smart Cities of India From the Security and Privacy Perspectives

Development of cities brings in overall economic growth of the country. As a result, cities are taking new shape with modern facilities to ensure development. In this perspective, Government of India (GOI) has announced to create 100 Smart Cities across different locations in India. In these Smart Cities, modern infrastructure would be created with introduction of modern 5G network systems. This network system is expected to bring in considerable improvements in the Smart Cities if the security and privacy issues involved in this system can be addressed. This chapter has taken an attempt to identify the critical success factors (CSFs) instrumental to improve this network system within the acceptable level of security and privacy vulnerabilities in Smart Cities of India. To identify the CSFs, different standard methods including questionnaire-oriented survey, brainstorming have been adopted. Interpretive structural modelling (ISM) methodology has been used to find out inter-relationships among the CSFs along with identification of driving forces.

Fading Challenges in Implementation of Supply Chain Management Information System in the Indian Automobile Industry

With the advent of globalization and fast changing environment, companies are using information and communication systems in the supply chain. Supply chain management information system (SCMIS) has gained a lot of importance because of its ability to reduce costs and increase responsiveness in the supply chain. Review of literature has revealed that the success in implementation of SCMIS and successfully attaining the return expected from the system implemented is a challenge. With such high failure rates scenario, it becomes imperative to identify the risk and the failure factors that may arise during implementation and the ways to tackle these risks. In this chapter, an attempt has been made to establish the challenges, their severity, and improvisation for the successful implementation of SCMIS in the Indian automobile industry. The findings can help the practitioners and managers better understand the challenges, focus the resources, their attention, set up the priorities, and thus improve the chances of successful implementation of SCMIS.

Communicating Corporate Social Responsibility in Healthcare Through Digital and Traditional Tools

Health systems are currently facing a series of challenges dealing with continuous technology advances and social demands, which require changes at managerial and policy level that fully incorporate social responsibilities within healthcare organizations' strategy. Thus, communicating corporate social responsibility (CSR) takes an important role in today's health contexts worldwide. This work aims to investigate CSR communication in healthcare through the use of both traditional and interactive technologies by adopting a mixed qualitative-quantitative research approach. To this extent, a comparative research was conducted in two different countries with different health systems and contexts, namely Malta and India. Findings show that healthcare organisations of both countries are increasing their awareness towards their social responsibilities and the different ways of communicating their CSR activities. A mixed strategy—including both digital (interactive technologies) and traditional tools—was identified as the most effective way of communicating CSR in a healthcare context.

Mobile Advert's Contextual Consistency

How adverts can be better displayed to attract more click-throughs has been enduringly debated, and mixed findings have been reported regarding the effectiveness of contextual consistency. This study reconciles prior debates by anchoring on the load theory of selective attention to propose that user response to contextually consistent adverts is dependent on their intra-page and inter-page positional display. In collaboration with a European mobile application company, adverts were randomly displayed in its location-based mobile social networking application. The follow-up think-aloud protocol analysis, conducted to collect qualitative feedback from users, validates the theoretical assumptions. The findings reveal that high click-through could be obtained when contextually consistent adverts are displayed at the top positions or the front page of the mobile application. These findings address an enduringly debated issue of how to leverage on new technology, such as mobile device, to display commercial information most effectively.

A Novel Cooperative Divide-and-Conquer Neural Networks Algorithm

Dynamic modularity is one of the fundamental characteristics of the human brain. Cooperative divide and conquer strategy is a basic problem solving approach. This chapter proposes a new subnet training method for modular neural networks with the inspiration of the principle of “an expert with other capabilities.” The key point of this method is that a subnet learns the neighbor data sets while fulfilling its main task: learning the objective data set. Additionally, a relative distance measure is proposed to replace the absolute distance measure used in the classical method and its advantage is theoretically discussed. Both methodology and empirical study are presented. Two types of experiments respectively related with the approximation problem and the prediction problem in nonlinear dynamic systems are designed to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method. Compared with the classical learning method, the average testing error is dramatically decreased and more stable. The superiority of the relative distance measure is also corroborated. Finally, a mind-gut frame is proposed.

The Impact of the Internet on Change in Consumer Values in India

Has the Internet impacted the core values of consumers, particularly in developing nations? Unlike one-way mass media vehicles such as television, the internet's two-way, interactive nature allows individuals to communicate in a high-involvement, border-free world via social media, blogs, online forums, and the like. This will result in the trading of values and ideas, and especially in the erosion of traditional value systems in developing nations. This chapter highlights the changes in values in India between 2004 and 2014, with a marked increase in Western individualistic values such as power and achievement, eroding traditional collective values such as universalism among Indian youth during this period. Since consumers buy products that reflect their values, these findings have profound implications for business management and marketing. Further, the general notion that the core values of a society are slow to change is refuted.

A Comparative Study of Mobile Banking Adoption

Recently, mobile banking has gained significant importance, and the growth of the field is accelerating. Due to a rapid increase in smart phone users, banks have shifted the competitive landscape from physical banking branches to internet banking and mobile banking services. However, many customers remain reluctant to use this banking channel. It is crucial for banks to meet customers' need and understand which factors play an important role in encouraging or discouraging them from using mobile banking. Culture can also play an important role on these factors. This study compares the mobile banking perceptions between the consumers in the U.S. and in Thailand and reveal various factors that influence mobile banking adoption for these two nationalities. The findings suggest factors that banks should consider when implementing mobile banking services, thus allowing them to design the services that meet the needs of their customers.

National Culture on Knowledge Sharing in the U.S. and China

A major challenge for multinational companies is how to motivate employees with different individual cultural characteristics and national cultures to share knowledge. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of individual and national cultures on knowledge sharing. Individual cultural characteristics are incorporated into the model as antecedents of knowledge-sharing motivations (organizational rewards, image, and reciprocal benefits). National cultural differences are examined by conducting studies with subjects in the U.S. and China. The results show that power distance is significantly related to reciprocal benefits in the U.S. but not in China. Individualism/collectivism is related to organizational rewards and image in the U.S. but not in China, while individualism/collectivism is significantly related to reciprocal benefits in China but not in the U.S. Uncertainty avoidance is significantly related to reciprocal benefits in the U.S. but not in China. This study provides knowledge-sharing practices and management implications for multinational companies.

Are Risks in IT Global and Local Projects the Same?

The aim of this chapter is to identifier the differentiation of risk between global and local projects through exploratory research carried out using a systematic literature review. One thousand seven hundred twenty-five risks were identified in 46 articles published in the last 20 years and classified within 22 categories. The major concern regarded in local project management was the client (external risk) and scope (internal risk) and, in global project management, the psychic distance (external) and coordination and control (internal). The main difference between the risk categories for each project type refers to the psychic distance category, which was identified almost exclusively in global projects, thus making the external risks more relevant than those in local projects. On the other hand, it allows some risks, such as supplier and stakeholder, to be underestimated. The results indicate that project managers should focus on different risks depending on the type of IT project: global or local.