Precise morphology control of phosphate-based nanospheres via magnesium and application in drug delivery

The present work investigates a template-free and rapid synthesis of phosphate-based porous nanospheres via magnesium. The study reveals the magnesium plays a guide role in the formation of amorphous porous magnesium substituted nanospheres, including calcium phosphate (CaP), strontium phosphate (SrP) and barium phosphate (BaP). Cell viabilities of three kinds of particles were evaluated and CaP nanospheres indicated best biocompatibility. Thus, amorphous magnesium substituted CaP nanospheres were chosen as doxorubicin (DOX) carrier for drug delivery in cancer treatment and pH-responsive magnesium substitution can switch on under tumour acidic microenvironment and facilitate controlled sustained DOX release. The CaP nanospheres gave a sustainable release within 150 minutes. The results showed free DOX has better efficiency at killing cancer cells than CaP/DOX at 4 h. However, CaP/DOX systems effectively suppressed the cell proliferation comparing with free DOX at 36 h. Collectively, this simple and templet-free method for synthesis of amorphous porous nanospheres could serve as a promising chemo-therapeutics delivery system and effectively inhibition of cancer cell growth.

Drug delivery systems for Intra⁃articular injection in the Osteoarthritis treatment

Intra⁃articular injection is one of the most important treatment for osteoarthritis (OA) drug administration. It would improve the pharmacotherapy efficacy and reduce the adverse drug reaction and toxic effect of drugs. In the last decades, the microspheres, nanoparticles, hydrogels, and other drug delivery systems have been extensively studied in OA therapy. This paper reviews the late research development on OA treated via IA drug delivery systems.

Research Progress on Exosome Application in Drug Delivery

cell-to-cell communication. The most studied extracellular vesicles are exosomes. Exosomes are discoid vesicles with diameters between 30 and 150 nm. They have good delivery abilities, and many studies have shown that as novel drug delivery systems exosome have low immunogenicity, high biocompatibility, and are a powerful and novel delivery platform for disease treatment. In this review, exosome drug-loading methods and the latest research results for their use in drug delivery are summarized to facilitate expansion of exosome applications in cancer treatment.

Mesoporous silica nanoparticles for drug delivery—Recent advances

Mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) have been attracting great attention for the potential biomedical applications in the last decades. Due to the unique properties, such as tunable mesoporous structure, huge surface area, large pore volume, as well as the functional ability of surface, MSNs exhibit high loading capacity for therapeutic active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) and controllable release behavior. In this review, the applications of MSNs in pharmaceutics improving the bioavailability, reducing toxicity of loaded drugs, increasing cellular targeted delivery ability and recent advances in drug delivery are summarized.

In-situ facile deposition of TiO2 hole blocking layers for efficient hole-conductor-free perovskite solar cells

A compact hole blocking layer is necessary for high efficient perovskite solar cell, which was usually fabricated by spin coating or spray pyrolysis with the followed annealing process, or vacuum deposition. Here, we deposited TiO2 compact layers by an in-situ room-temperature solvent method, which were applied as an effective hole blocking layer for hole-conductor-free perovskite solar cells with carbon electrodes. The thickness of the TiO2 compact layer can be easily regulated by the depositing time. By optimizing the TiO2 depositing time, the power conversion efficiency of hole-conductor-free perovskite solar cells was up to 10.66%.

Recent advanced development of calcium phosphate in spherical form: syntheses and applications

The advantages of calcium phosphate in biomedical applications such as drug delivery, bone regeneration and tissue engineering have been recognized. An overview of calcium phosphate in spherical form including spherical particles, spherical core and spherical shell was carried out in this work. Advanced spheres manufacturing as well as characterisation methodologies by biomimic remineralisation, seawater and hydrothermal methods was investigated. Their use in dental and vaccine applications was focused and presented in this review. Finally, a brief conclusion of the existing challenges and future perspective are presented.

Huge challenges in perovskite solar cells industrialization

Due to their high solar to electric power conversion efficiency (PCE) and low fabrication costs, metal halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs) attract enormous research interest in recent years. However, their industrial development is hampered because there are still the difficulties to reach high performance on large size devices and challenges on the stability of perovskite.

Industrial development of calcium phosphate particle synthesis from Seawater could be implemented

Nanomaterials have been widely studied because of their big surface areas and porous structures. As bioactive material, calcium phosphate particles have widely applied in biomedical fields. Syntheses of calcium phosphate spherical particles are presently relied on spraying and templates such as surfactants and biomolecules. However, template-free methods become more necessary due to template residue problem. In absence of templates, there are few reported studies recently. However, there remain challenges to industrialize development. The most prominent difficulties are to achieve large-scale production with lost cost.

Enhanced bleaching effect of bovine tooth by hydrogen peroxide via calcium phosphate spheres

In the study, calcium phosphate spheres (CPS) were prepared using phosphate buffer solutions by hydrothermal method and were used to manufacture a lab-made bleaching paste. The obtained paste was used to whiten bovine teeth in order to investigate whitening effect with CPS in the paste. The results showed that the bleaching paste made by CPS does not affect bleaching effect of hydrogen peroxide (HP). On the contrary, it can prolong the bleaching effect compared the pure HP.