Physicochemical and electrocoagulation treatment of wastewater from a cardboard packaging company

The diagnostics of the physicochemical treatment and electrocoagulation plant of the cardboard packaging company showed that currently, the wastewater has a COD of 18,000 mg/L and suspended solids of 2425 mg/L, therefore, it does not comply with the maximum permissible limits stipulated in nom-001-semarnat-1996. It was found that the physicochemical treatment has a removal efficiency of 33% for COD and 58% of total solids; while the electrocoagulation stage has a negligible effect. In the physicochemical treatment tests, a removal of 92% of the COD was obtained and in the treatment by electrocoagulation, a removal of 37.5% of the residual COD from the previous stage was achieved. This information shows that both treatments can be viable alone or in combination. Objectives: Evaluate the physicochemical treatment and electrocoagulation of wastewater of a company that produces cardboard packaging. Methodology: 1. Develop characterization of wastewater, 2. Develop treatability tests through physicochemical treatment, 3. Develop treatability tests by electrocoagulation treatment, 3. Analyze results. Contribution: This project allowed to know the efficiencies of COD removal, which can be had with the physicochemical treatment, with the treatment by electrocoagulation and with the combined treatment; as well as their optimal conditions in each case. This made it possible to generate operating proposals, which allow reducing operating costs and increasing treatment efficiency.

Use of the multicriteria analysis methods to optimize sustainable energy systems based on renewable sources

Sustainable The sustainable energy development implies to look for balanced technological alternatives, economically, socially, and environmentally. Therefore, it is a complex process which solution is commonly supported on mathematic tools, whether multi-objective optimization (MODM) or multicriteria analysis (MCDM). In this work, an analysis of these tools in the field of the renewable energy is carried out, with the purpose of identify the hybrid renewable energy systems design under a sustainable view perspective, which implies the use of MCDM or MODM tools. The methodology used consists of identifying the references related to the design of hybrid renewable energy systems and the sustainability term, using the WOS (Web of Science) search engine, which were analyzed in chronological order to identify the basic forms of the methods, the application foundations, and finally, the perspectives, reflected in the most recent publications. MCDM tools were identified as the most used with the 71% of the analyzed references, above the multiobjective methodologies; being the most popular the Hierarchical Analytical Process (AHP) and the Order of Preference for Similarity with the Ideal solution (TOPSIS). It is important that the decision makers use such kind of tools, both to design and to plan sustainable energy systems.

Regional development through improving products and services case study: El Triunfo, BCS.

The objective of the project is to make a proposal for the improvement of products and services that are currently provided in Triunfo B.C.S., by the inhabitants of that place and to promote the development of the region by enhancing the quality of these, taking advantage of the fact that in this town there are opportunities to carry out activities dedicated to alternative tourism. In the first place, a diagnosis was made to obtain data about the situation of the town regarding the provision of products and services, for which two questionnaires arranged on a Likert rating scale were used and can locate the attributes in a numerical assessment, to later process the data using data concentrator tables that were graphed in Excel. To carry out the analysis, the SWOT Matrix and the Minimini Maximaxi Matrix were used, locating the strategies to carry out the proposal for improvements in products and services that are offered by the inhabitants of the town and thereby promote the development of the region.

Delimitation of potential areas for groundwater recharge in the Toluca Valley aquifer

Water is one of the most important natural resources for all living beings, it is essential for food security and the health of ecosystems. It occupies 75% of the planet's surface, however, only 3% is available to man for consumption. Mexico has 653 aquifers. 39.1% of the total volume of these is concessioned for agricultural irrigation uses. According to studies carried out by the National Water Commission, as of 2018, of the 653 units, 105 aquifers are reported in a state of overexploitation. The objective of this research was to implement the guide for the identification of areas with potential for water recharge, developed by the Tropical Agronomic Center for Research and Teaching of Costa Rica, which proposes the delimitation of potential recharge areas through geospatial information considering the topics of edaphology, geology, land use and vegetation, as well as relief and slopes. The results obtained show that in the Toluca Valley aquifer there are five categories of possibility of water recharge, although the moderate possibility prevails (59.4%), followed by a low possibility of recharge occurrence (21.0%), very low possibility (16.7%), high possibility (1.6%) and very high possibility (1.2%).

Numerical analysis of the indoor climate in a Zenith-type greenhouse in the Valle de Santiago region, Guanajuato

The objective of this project was to carry out an analysis of the indoor climate of the greenhouse located in the Valle de Santiago region, Guanajuato. It is a zenith-type greenhouse with two wings with a symmetrical face. An orthogonal mesh was made of 50 nodes (25 nodes for each height) Total Den located in the cultivable area and taking the value at the midpoint of each rectangle considering two heights 0.25m and 1.30m with respect to the ground. Humidity and temperature readings were taken in each of the nodes for three weeks and subsequently a data analysis was made and a comparison with the data collected in the different situations; also the temperature was analyzed with the double sum of Riemann and the rule of the middle point. In conclusion, it was determined that the greenhouse yields heat on warm days, while it receives heat on cold days. This behavior coincides with previous studies; however, it occurs that with the hydroponic method there is a greater growth of the crop.

Phenology and nurse plant of Sotoa confusa (Garay) Salazar (Orchidaceae) in the Southern Potosino Zacatecano Highlands

Sotoa confusa is a little conspicuous terrestrial orchid that is distributed in arid and semi-arid land of Mexico and south of USA, its life history is poorly known, so phenology and interaction of this species with shrubs was studied; its bloom occurs in March and fructifies in April (the driest period of the year), latter, from July to September it develops leaves, which disappear in October, so this orchid remains eight months without leaves. By other hand, S. confusa does not grow in areas with bare soil, so it shows preference to grow under the canopy of plants such as Dodonaea viscosa, Opuntia imbricata, O. robusta, O. leucotricha and Pittocaulon praecox; however, it shows a negative association with Jatropha dioica. The survival strategy of this plant in arid environments is to grow under the canopy of other plants that provide a favorable microclimate and develop leaves only during rainy seasons.

Management of strategies and technologies in profile training and entrepreneurship culture, development for regional

Baja California Sur has areas of opportunity promote alternative tourism given the orographic conditions and characteristics of the environment, there are differentiated and distinctive attractions in rural areas such as the South Micro Region of La Paz, however, these attractions have not been taken advantage of. as development strategies and for the benefit of residents, there is little influx of local, national or foreign tourism, this negatively impacts regional development, given that the tourism that is practiced today is organized and carried out by people who do not inhabit the place, they take tourists for a while and the benefit does not permeate the population. Business strategies such as the formation of the tourism cluster, encourages the active participation of residents as their own beneficiaries, the formation of profile and culture of entrepreneurship is important and enables the participation of local businessmen. Thus, we see that the objective is to design a proposal for the formation of entrepreneurship profile and culture in the settlers, including aspects related to relevant information on the profile and culture of entrepreneurship, as well as information related to organizational culture, methodological aspects: collection instruments, processing and analysis of information, closes with proposal, conclusions and recommendations.

Physical Characterization-Chemistry of Essential Oil of Oregano in 6 Communities of the Municipality of Rodeo, Dgo.

The municipality of Rodeo is one of the largest oregano producers in the state of Durango, reporting an average of 100 tons per year, which are used as a condiment and there is no use in its entirety. The objective of the present work was Physicochemical Characterization of Essential Oil of Oregano (AEO) in 6 communities of the municipality of Rodeo Durango, the methodology was carried out by dragging with water vapor, where quality and quantity of oil were controlled, using the leaves of The oregano plant, the density, was determined by means of a pycnometer and the index of refraction by means of a refractometer (Master Refractometer). The results obtained for the index of refraction of the oils of the 6 localities circle between 1.47-1.50 which indicates an acceptable purity in the (AEO). The density of oils circle between 0.91-0.92. The chemical components were read by gas chromatography and a Flame Ionization Detector (FID), where a higher percentage of concentration on the carvacrol compound was reported, which circulated between 60-70% while the compound Thymol was between 30-40%. A statistical analysis was performed to determine if there was a significant difference between the concentration of the analytes based on the height of the sample obtaining a significance >5, which indicates a difference between the data.

Proposal of MSMEs to alleviate poverty in the community of Tres Palos, municipality of Acapulco, Guerrero

Research that shows the need to seek measures to reduce poverty in the community of Tres Palos in the municipality of Acapulco de Juarez, aims to implement a business model of Micro, Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (MIPYMES) Agro. In the methodology applied, concrete answers were obtained in the phases: inquiring, demonstrative and exhibition, this thanks to the scientific method. Using mixed methodology, using questionnaires and interviews, as well as documentary research and field research. The surveys were applied to ejidatarios, specifically those engaged in agro-industrial activities within the region. The results reflected that 100% of the ejidatarios are willing to improve their quality of life and have higher incomes, 52.2% would achieve the increase by selling their products to industrial companies through a contract, and 47.8% have decided industrialize your products on your own and so you get better income and benefits for your families.

Development of a flour for baking based on banana peel (Musa paradisiaca) and chickpea flour (Cicer arietinum)

The progressive increase in the number of people who cannot consume wheat flour leads the bakery industry to think about the use of different ingredients. In addition to this, there is growing concern about the sustainable use of ingredients for food preparation. The objective of this work is the formation of a flour based on banana peel and chickpea flour. Once the banana peel flour was obtained by drying, grinding and sieving it, a pancake was made by varying the mixture of the two flours (15/85; 20/80; 25/75, 30/70 and 35 / 75% banana flour / chickpea flour), quantifying bread firmness, firm height, weight, moisture, protein, in addition to a sensory evaluation. It is concluded that the mixture with a higher banana peel content has better taste, odor, and texture characteristics than the other preparations. In addition, this flour also has a higher fiber and protein content compared to wheat flour pre-preparation. These types of products help increase sustainability in food preparation as well as improving health due to the nutrients it contains.