Intangible Benefits of Self-Help Micro-Credit in Conflict Mitigation and Peace Building

Jammu and Kashmir State of India has been hit the hardest by ongoing violent conflict with its devastating impact on human lives and development. Demobilization and reintegration into society of all people uprooted and affected by violent conflict—ex-combatants, youth, and women—is an important challenge for development policy planners and decision makers. Demobilization and reintegration are fundamentally about the need for new forms of livelihood for ex-combatants, youth, and female that ultimately requires the creation of new jobs and providing them sustainable employment opportunities on micro enterprises through micro-credit programs. The task is all the tougher because youth, women, and ex-combatants often have no job market skills. Successfully incorporating ex-combatants, youth, and women requires economic sustainability, which has a longer time-frame than the political dimension of demobilization and integration.

The Impact of the Boko Haram Conflict on Education in Northeast Nigeria

This chapter examines the impact of the Boko Haram conflict on education. Theoretically, conflict tends to be a dominant and elusive concept. Although it is possible to agree that, in practice, conflict has a positive meaning as there is evidence of this in everyday productive debate, dialogue, and negotiation, the interpretation that emerged in this case is negative, as demonstrated by the violent clash between the Boko Haram Group and the Nigerian armed forces. Therefore, a particular analysis of what this conflict looks like in Northeast Nigeria is presented in this chapter. The chapter also focuses on the threats, especially to education, which have been experienced by the affected community from 2009 to the present day.

Effect of Disposition Effect on Investment Decision Making in Property Market in Plateau State, Nigeria

The purpose of the chapter was to establish the effect of disposition on investment decision making in property market in Plateau State, Nigeria. Descriptive research design was used in the study. Primary data was collected using standard questionnaires with both closed and open-ended questions. The regression analysis results confirmed that there was a significant positive linear relationship between disposition and investor investment decision making in property market in Plateau State in Nigeria. The study concluded that disposition effects bias does not alter rationality in investment decision making. Disposition affected investment decisions. The main recommendation for investors is to make constant attempts to increase their awareness on behavioral finance by educating themselves on the field. Studying about the biases and reflecting on their decisions are likely to help achieve better self-understanding of the extent and manner to which they are influenced by emotions while making financial decisions under uncertainty.

Social and Economic Consequences of Violent Armed Conflicts

Ongoing violent armed conflict in Jammu and Kashmir has resulted in the displacement of thousands of non-Kashmiri households since early 1998. Displacement increases the pressures on young children to work, possibly at the expense of their schooling, and also leads to under-nourishment and malnutrition, which has caused poor physical growth, inability to learn, and poor work performance. The “care and maintenance” assistance and aid received by displaced families was completely undependable, erratic, and inadequate, and given the opportunity, they would like to move out from the camp as quickly as possible. The displaced children have special vulnerabilities and require additional care and protection from disease, hunger, malnutrition, and abuse. There is urgent need to meet the physical needs of displaced families such as water, sanitation, healthcare, shelter, and psycho-social assistance. Education, including literacy training, primary, secondary, tertiary, vocational, life skills, informal, and other age-specific educational opportunities, is needed for young children.

Conflict-Induced Migration

The negative effect of conflict-induced migration cannot be overemphasized. From overpopulation, unemployment, and then the attendant vices, the economic stability, political stability, and social stability of the host community all come under threat. Worthy of note also is the psychological state of both the fleeing migrants and the members of the receiving host community. In this chapter, the writer explores the possibility of transforming the effects of conflict-induced migration by using human capital development, implemented through the potent tool of film production. This chapter looks at film as a tool for such social stabilization, while exposing the treble nature of film, particularly as juxtaposed against politics, economics, and aesthetics. The writer outlines the results that can be gotten from entertainment education, vocational skill acquisition, and psycho-drama therapeutics to tackle political, economic, and social instability. By analyzing the Rwandan genocide of 1994, through the looking glass of the movie Hotel Rwanda (2004), and attempting in its aftermath to balance out the lingering effects of the genocide, the writer outlines a critical lesson for Nigeria to take cue from while facing her migration-induced conflict troubles.

Impacts of Conflict-Induced Migration in a Globalized Post-Colonial Nigeria

The tonic for society's development from time immemorial has been sociality. As society evolved, men and women inevitably enter into relationships independent and indispensable to their needs. More often than not this relationship is fueled by culture, tradition, history, as well as economic considerations. Thus, the problem this chapter grapples with (in the drama of J. P. Clark) is the causative factors of the migration coupled with the social and economic impacts thereof. This discourse further examines the intrigues of equality and the resultant conflict that induced the migration of the wives in protest as well as the implications for the larger society. The findings include the fact that the consequences of such conflict induced migration are as dire as what induced it in the first instance. In conclusion, the discourse recommends that that there is the urgent need to address conflict-induced migration in vulnerable societies before they snowball into issues of migration.

A Study on Conflict-Related Migrations Within the Context of Public Policy

The aims of the chapter are to explore how migration as a result of wars affects Turkey's public policymaking processes and to put forward the current situation in this regard. First, there will be focus on concepts such as the causes of war and wars, the phenomenon of migration, and the relationship between migration and wars. Then, in the theoretical level, major concepts such as public policy and public policy making process will be discussed. Finally, Turkey's digital media reports published on the migration experienced in neighboring countries and public policies related to migration will be examined. Public policies, particularly policies on migration, to put forward Turkey's current situation, assessment of the target situation, which should be in fact and understanding of social transformation are thought to be important steps in terms of establishing a model for other countries.

Theatre and Leadership Crises

One major crisis that has hit this country in the face for a long time is the Niger Delta crisis. The environmental degradation in the Niger Delta, poverty, unemployment, among others have become recurrent decimals and issues of serious concern to scholars, organizations, interest groups, and spirited individuals over the years. These issues have led to the emergence of violent crises with their attendant consequences on human life and the environment. Hence, the chapter focuses on the Niger Delta crises. It tries to analyze the socio-political and economic problems that have characterized the region over the years. It discusses the challenges and paradoxes of leadership in Nigeria's democratic space and how they have contributed negatively in fueling the crisis in the Niger Delta region of the country.

Baby Alan's Death

Focusing on Baby Alan's death and the celebrated photograph of the event published in the media in early September 2015, this chapter examines how a single photograph affected the importance of the immigration issue within the media agenda. Four main questions are addressed: (1) Which issues were on the media agenda before and after the photograph? (2) What were the main items in the news at the time? (3) What were the keywords concerning the immigration issue? (4) What themes emerged from the visual images? A three-part content analysis was conducted of the five highest-circulation daily newspapers in Turkey, the findings of which confirmed the existence of the “issue-attention cycle.” During the week following Baby Alan's death, the event was at “Level 4” on the media agenda and the immigration issue gained in importance, reaching “Level 5.” The photograph acted as a spotlight for the refugee issue, serving to increase the importance given by the media to the issue. However, a single photograph was not powerful enough to raise the issue to the top place on the agenda.

Library

This chapter is a conceptual establishment of the intrinsic potential of the library as a platform and mechanism for conflict prevention, resolution, peace-building, and sustainable wellbeing in society. Relying on evidence-based statistics, the chapter highlighted the rising tide of conflicts around the world, causes, consequences, and solutions. Latching on empirical studies, the chapter established the inherent propensity of the library as an information dissemination agency imbued with constructive skills to deliver desired attitude for peace in societies. The chapter suggested that the library's unique potentials should be strengthened so that it can better provide relevant services to people for a better and peaceful society.