Architectural proposal for the rehabilitation and improvement of the houses of the city Yagúl housing unit, Oaxaca

This article presents the results of an investigation carried out in the Yagul city housing unit in the state of Oaxaca, in order to study the deterioration problems that have caused the abandonment of the houses, and in this context, to propose strategies that solve these problems in addition to improving the quality of life of the inhabitants. For this investigation, non-destructive tests were carried out on the houses of the place, such as: Concrete compression resistance test using a digital sclerometer, temperature tests with a thermographic camera and infrared digital thermometer, detection of reinforcements using a portable Pachometer and soil mechanics. The results obtained have allowed us to know the current state of the houses and based on these data, make an architectural proposal for the rehabilitation and improvement of said houses, generating a bioclimatic environment and comfort for its inhabitants.

The importance of geotechnical research in building projects: case study sustainable rural housing

When conceiving the project of a building, we understand that it will be interacting with the ground through a "soil-structure" system, and that it will be the appropriate interaction between the ground and the foundation that will guarantee functionality and stability from the geotechnical perspective as structural of the project. Today we identify buildings that present problems concerning structural stability due to a deficient geotechnical study that entails a negative impact from the point of view of safety, functionality and economics of the project. The professional in charge to determine the geotechnical conditions of a site is the Geotechnical Engineer or Engineer specializing in Soil Mechanics, in fact, it must be a professional with comprehensive training with knowledge in various disciplines such as geotechnics, structures, foundations and construction. The document with which we base ourselves to establish the guidelines to follow from an analysis and design perspective is the geotechnical study. This document also allows us to understand the possible threats to which the project will be at some point and how to carry out the analysis and design of the buildings, so that they can interact in perfect harmony with their surroundings. By means of a case study concerning the project of a sustainable rural house, we show the stages and elements that make up the report of the geotechnical study that was carried out, indicating the development, analysis and methodology of the study, as well as the various elements that comprise it.

Characterization of adobe bricks used in developing countries: Mexico as a case of study

In Mexico adobe masonry is a traditional building material common in rural areas with low economic development and a high degree of marginalization. In addition, a growing interest in adobe masonry is noticed in two ways: for rescuing the heritage and as a rediscovered environmentally friendly building material. The problems are found of how to carry out the conservation works of the great built heritage with this material, as well as the lack of skilled people at all levels, from designer to masons, because it is a forgotten technique. Hence, some recent investigations about the obtention of adobe mechanical properties and characterization of adobe bricks, including earth blocks, have been performed. This article investigates experimentally destructive and nondestructive tests used for this purpose, especially elastic mechanical properties, considering new sensors, systems and different techniques has led to the inspection of adobe bricks. The results show, compared destructive with nondestructive methods, a good correlation between both techniques. This study contributes towards a better understanding of the elastic mechanical properties of adobe bricks built in Mexico, considered as a developing country.

Comfort´s evolution analysis of low-cost housing in Ciudad Valles, S.L.P.

This research is the product of the monitoring carried out from year 2019 to 2020 about the environmental parameters that determine the person´s comfort in six low-cost housing in Ciudad Valles, San Luis Potosí, México. These buildings were built in 1985, 1987, 1990, 1997, 2006 and 2008 respectively, between 1972 to 2006, foundation of INFONAVIT and CONAVI respectively, period of interest to analyze the thermal behavior of materials as block and concrete, which transcend the time due to their industrialization characteristics rather than their benefits in the person´s termal confort. The main objective is analyzes and demonstrate the thermal confort evolution provided by these classic materials in the hygrothermal environment, in order to suggest adjustments to improve it. the research questions are next; Do the classic materials provide a comfortable environment? How is the evolution of thermal comfort in the interior of the low-cost housing when building them with cement block and concrete? And if not; What are the recommendations to generate a better thermal environment? With the support of the PRODEP 2018 Program, some measuring equipment is obtained that are used to record the relative humidity, temperature, wind speed and temperature of the materials like the floor, the roof and the walls.

Efficient use of electric energy in homes through multi-agent systems, case study Monterrey N.L., Mexico

This article presents an experimental research whose objective is to verify through experimentation if the systems for air conditioning and lighting homes based on the use of Multi- Agent Systems (MAS) are more efficient than traditional systems in terms of perceived environmental comfort. by people and the electricity cost generated. The proposed methodology involved the development of a housing simulator, the definition of the “environmental comfort” variable, the description of the evaluated lighting and air conditioning systems, and the definition of the proposed experiments based on independent variables that could impact on the performance of the aforementioned systems. Based on the data obtained when conducting the experiments and taking the homes in the Monterrey Metropolitan Area as a case study, it could be observed that the use of MAS is a very good alternative to reduce the consumption of electrical energy in homes taking care of not sacrificing people's comfort, thus helping to reduce the ecological impact generated by electricity generation.

Conceptual development for the design proposal of the botanical garden of the academic unit of agrohydraulic in San Juan Acateno, municipality of Teziutlán, Puebla

The project and construction of the Agrohydraulic Botanical Garden, the Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla (BUAP) in San Juan Acateno, in the municipality of Teziutlán, was developed in collaboration with teachers from the Faculty of Agrohydraulic and the Faculty of Architecture of BUAP, as well as undergraduate students, social service and professional practice of architecture schools, graphic design Urbanism. The botanical garden project is located in the reserve category, to protect species of medicinal, ornamental, tingling and regional interest and thematic level of species of interest, to disseminate botanical knowledge of the region. The development of the project was based on qualitative research, interested in capturing the reality of users to determine the needs to be solved; in this process the designer applies the knowledge he develops in vocational training and induces the characteristics and conditions of the study problem. All this is done through different techniques and research tools such as interview, systematic observation, topographic survey, as well as the climatic conditions of the place, topography and conditions of existing buildings contrasting with documentary research.

Vernacular architecture as heritage

The objective of this research is to recognize vernacular architecture as heritage architecture, a product of the community. The method applied to this research is qualitative in nature, the objective of which is the description of the characteristics of the object of study covering a part of the reality. Qualitative research is inductive, the study is on a small scale and through proximity to empirical reality. The research shows examples that were made through interaction with the inhabitants and as a result of direct observation. The stages of the research were: fieldwork linking access to the site with productive data collection; data analysis in a continuous review that consisted of reducing information, disposition, transformation and obtaining results and verifying them to reach conclusions. The preparation of the report generated a number of approaches, and one of them produced the subject of this work. The contribution of this work is that it aims to place a community rooted in its customs as Is Tochimilco, with an architectural richness that is transformed and even disappearing, because vernacular architecture is considered to be a worthless architecture.

Design of ecological masonry piece for non-structural walls

In the research work in the methodological aspect, the tongue and groove Block was designed (geometry) in AutoCad, based on the NMX-C-038-ONNCCE-2004 standard; It was included in the material with which the Block was manufactured, crushed polypropylene plastic (PP) to reuse materials that are polluting, and in this way an ecological Block was made, later it was manufactured complying with the NMX-X-159 standard. ONNCCE-2004 the steel mold for the Block. For the analysis and results, a press was used to test the compression pieces established by the NMX-C-441-ONNCCE-2013 Standard for non-structural blocks. In the laboratory, the initial water absorption test was carried out with the NMX-C-037-ONNCCE-2005 in three pieces of blocks, in addition, the MATLAB software was used to obtain the effort-time graphs of the pieces of block with the different dosages of recycled plastic material. The research concludes that the reuse of polypropylene plastic to make blocks will help reduce environmental pollution. The results of the compression tests were satisfactory for non-structural blocks. The initial maximum water absorption tests to which the blocks were subjected, comply for exterior and interior walls.

Diagnosis of the pathologies of a bridge, section: Champotón Bridge

Objective: The present work seeks to expose the current pathological samples in the Champotón bridge, using its own methodology. Methods: It consists of an initial determination on the investigations in the structure and finishes. A non-destructive study of the property was carried out, through an eminently field study, in a qualitative, quantitative, descriptive and longitudinal way, first carrying out a visual inspection, preparing a photographic record, determining a diagnosis that would allow us to information on the object of study, an analysis of the deteriorations found, make a catalog of bridge factories to know the types of design materials, an own evaluation and finally, the most appropriate maintenance plans and proposed criteria were updated with their symbols correspondent. Conclusions. When carrying out a detailed visual inspection of the existing pathologies of the bridge, it is concluded that it requires constant routine maintenance and the pathologies found demand a short-term preventive rehabilitation, in order to prevent further progress and generate probable damages.

Innovation and development of self-sustained wooden residues blocks "Madeblock" for homes and buildings

The south-central region of Chihuahua State has 150 transformation industries of timber forest resources, these industries dedicate to produce different types of timber furniture, which generates a huge amount of organic scraps that are deposited mostly in the intermunicipal landfill that covers 5 municipalities. Within the field research, it was detected that only one of all companies produces 20 tons of scrap per week. Hence, it is considered ground-breaking developing a model to produce sawdust blocks destined to build sustainable houses and buildings. In order to frame this research, it was also analyzed the problem of September 19th, 2017 earthquakes, presented in the following states of the Mexican Republic, Oaxaca, Chiapas, Puebla, Morelos and Mexico City, where 111,668 houses and buildings had a partial damage and 60,302 had a total damage, in other words, there were 171,990 affected houses and buildings. The prototype’s construction was developed by performing destructives and mechanical resistance tests, inside the testing laboratory of a social enterprise, La Cosa in Delicias City, a town of Chihuahua State, which is accredited by the EMA (Entidad Mexicana de Acreditación).