Journal of Medical Research and Surgery
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2582-9572

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (6) ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Megha Patel ◽  
Bhavesh Sharma

Bacteria, influenza, parasites and fungi are pathogenic microorganisms that cause infectious diseases. Diseases can spread from one individual to another, either directly or indirectly. Infectious diseases are world’s second most common cause of death. Rainforest plants provide about quarter of drugs we need. Scientific research has been carried out on few medicinal plants, but only to small degree. Bacterial susceptibility to currently active antibiotics has necessitated discovery of new antibacterial agents. Several plants are widely used as herbal medicine for treatment of infectious diseases in rural and backward areas of India. This chapter looks over the publications on medicinal plants that are used to cure diseases like malaria, pneumonia. Traditional medicine is preferred primary health care system in many rural areas for variety of reasons, including its affordability and efficacy. The current study focused on existing medicinal plant literature, with ethnobotany, phytochemistry and pharmacology details being highlighted. All of examined plants showed potent action, supporting their conventional uses as well as their ability to cure common diseases. Curcuma longa L., Punica granatum L. and Justicia adhatoda L. were most widely used plant families for pneumonia therapy in research area (each with seven plants); of these, Curcuma longa L., Punica granatum L. and Justicia adhatoda L. had most inhibiting ability against Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pneumoniae. Ascorbic acid, curcumin, vasicine, piperine, quercetin, myricetin and gallic acid have all been derived from these plants and are said to have antibacterial properties. Although Himalayan region has wide range of ethnomedicinal plants used to treat pneumonia, research on in-vivo activity, toxicology, and mechanism of action is minimal. As result, in order to produce novel antibacterial drugs from studied plant species, thorough study of these aspects is needed.


2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (6) ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Ruey J. Yu

Our research reveals that non-toxic creatine derivatives, especially N-acetyl-creatine ethyl ester, to be therapeutically effective on topical application or by superficial subcutaneous injection over sites of pain to rapidly alleviate or eliminate pain associated with various inflammatory conditions including arthritis, acute common headache, osteoarthritis, psoriatic arthritis, rheumatoid arthritis and various other pains associated with inflammation.


2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (6) ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Iffat Ara Begum ◽  
Zannatul Raiyana ◽  
Md Abdul Mazid Azad ◽  
Mohammad Shamsul Huda ◽  
Afsana Anwar ◽  
...  

Introduction: Diseases of elder people are a global problem. The prevalence of disease in elderly people is increasing day by day as old people often have limited regenerative abilities and are more susceptible to disease, syndromes, injuries, and sickness than younger adults. Objective: This study was conducted to identify the disease pattern of geriatric people of the host community in Cox's Bazar, Bangladesh. Method: A descriptive type of cross-sectional study was conducted among 381 geriatric persons in 5 selected hospitals of Cox's Bazar. The sample size was calculated in a 95% confidence interval and with a 5% level of significance. Data collection was done by using a semi-structured pre-tested questionnaire. Data quality was ensured through multiple procedures of review and cross-checking. Results: The findings revealed that a total of 32.0% had heart disease and 31% had arthritis. More than one-fifth (22.0%) of the respondents had diabetes and 18% of the total respondents had different types of communicable diseases. The occurrence of non-communicable diseases in geriatric people is significantly associated with their age and sex. Conclusion: The findings from this study illustrate that non-communicable disease is very much prevalent among the geriatric population as well as a threat to public health. The hospitals and health service providers should emphasize the management and prevention of these diseases. Also, lifestyle modification can play a vital role in preventing non-communicable diseases.


2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (S1) ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
Diallo Kadidiatou Folly ◽  
Dyatta Mayombo Kévin ◽  
Atsame Ebang Gabrielle ◽  
Ipouka Doussiemou Sergina ◽  
Nguele Ndjota ◽  
...  

Introduction: Schwannoma of the glans is a rare clinical entity. The diagnosis is histological. Treatment is surgical, with complete excision. The authors report this rare case encountered at the University Hospital of Libreville in order to identify its clinical and therapeutic characteristics. Observation: Mr. I.B, 50 years old, with no medical-surgical history, consulted for swelling of the glans evolving for 06 years, preventing coitus. He reported a notion of poor healing from an acorn sore after the trouser fly was closed. The diagnostic suspicion was a glans keloid. A complete resection was performed. Histologic examination favored a glans schwannoma. Healing was effective on D7 postoperatively. Erectile functions have been preserved. Conclusion: The glans schwannoma is rare. Surgical treatment gives good results.


Author(s):  
Sebastián Rosero Cabrera ◽  
William Pinzón Gallardo ◽  
Helberth Augusto González Rico ◽  
Carlos Fernando Bastidas Gómez ◽  
Tulio Sotomayor Medina ◽  
...  

The deformities of the lower limbs (genu valgus and genu varus) are alterations frequently developed properly by physiological processes which usually disappear at 2 years (genu varus) and at 7-8 years (genu valgus), being considered in adults normal a 4º-6º genu valgus, however the appearance of the latter is also related to various metabolic pathologies, tumors, traumatic sequelae, infections, skeletal dysplastic and idiopathic genu valgus. In the bibliography, there is a greater consensus on the approach to varus deformity, not so in valgus deformities, where there is no bibliography with a level of evidence that defines established protocols to treat severe valgus deformities>20, currently good treatment results have been demonstrated by means of knee arthroplasty to correct genu valgus deformities, which showed good results in the alignment of the lower extremities through the balance of ligaments in patients with severe genu valgus with pain reduction. , improvements in knee function and with a low rate of complications, the use of these alternatives such as the external approach in total knee replacement in patients with severe genu valgus and medial collateral ligament insufficiency allows correcting large deformities using a technique simple and in most cases without the use of a prosthesis that generates a degree of constraint, progressively improving their living conditions.


Author(s):  
Faruk Hernández Sampayo ◽  
Gabriela Carvajales Lozano ◽  
María Yuliana Amell Wilches

Introduction: Hernias are abnormal protrusions of any abdominal-pelvic or fat organ, which are produced by a defect in the abdominal wall, the most frequent are inguinal hernias and their content is generally of the omentum or intestinal loops, the presence of pelvic organs is very infrequent and the majority of cases described are in children under five years of age. Objective: To analyze the entity in connection with a case of a patient with a tubo-ovarian inguinal hernia. Clinical case: The case of a 34-year-old female patient is presented, who was under follow-up by the gynecology service due to the presence of a left ovarian cyst, with symptoms of pain in the left iliac fossa for more than 6 months of evolution. which is performed an ultrasound, which reports left inguinal hernia for what is electively scheduled by the general surgery service, when performing the herniorrhaphy incarcerated hernia with left ovary with bleeding follicle and fallopian tube is evidenced. Conclusions: These types of findings are infrequent, documented in the literature with a global incidence of Tubo-ovarian inguinal hernias ranging from 0-8-4.4%, however it is worth clarifying that these studies are in infant patients, so its presentation in adults associated with a hemorrhagic follicle is anecdotal as in this case.


Author(s):  
Jackline V. Mbishi ◽  
Switbert R. Kamazima ◽  
Happiness P. Saronga ◽  
Saidah M. Bakari

Background: Homosexual identification among women as lesbian, bisexual or transgender does not encompass the whole pool of women who practice same-sex behavior. Straight women especially youths are more increasingly willing to have sex with fellow women. This article establishes the reasons that influence same-sex orientation and behaviors among women in Tanzania. It explores the self-reported push/pull reasons that ultimately leads women to same-sex behavior among sampled through individuals. Method: This is a cross-sectional descriptive and retrospective study which was conducted in Dar es Salaam between January and February, 2021. The participants of the study were WSW, proxy WSW, and women who at one time had female same-sex relationships. The study also used community members aged 18 years and above but only those who met the inclusion criteria. Data were collected through qualitative in-depth interviews, focus group discussions, interviews, and life stories. All the data generated through the study were analyzed thematically. Results: The findings indicate that women who practice same-sex behavior believe that their behavior occurs naturally through biological reasons. Some of them attribute earlier negative experiences with men as a trigger to opt out of heterosexual sex. Most participants also cited past unpleasant sexual experiences with men such as rape, being emotionally detached from men as factors that lead to developing desires to have sex with fellow women. Conclusion: There are biological and social-economic factors that lead women to practice same-sex behaviors. Women, who are born with male attributes become sexually unattracted to males, opt to engage in same-sex practices because of displeasure from having sex with men. Further, economic hardships in societies force women to engage in same-sex practices through peers who are financially well-off and are searching for peers to exploit sexually. Research should focus on investigating peer influence and social media’s effects on women’s decision to engage in same sex practices.


2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (5) ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Lina May Osit ◽  
Joseph Joven Gammad ◽  
Olivia C. Flores

Introduction: Pain after laparoscopic cholecystectomy is complex in nature and several methods are performed to control it. Transversus Abdominis Plane (TAP) block has been used for postoperative pain for some abdominal surgeries. This study was designed to determine the analgesic efficacy of bilateral TAP block for patients undergoing Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy. Methods: Forty-two patients were randomized into 2 groups. Group 1 received TAP block using bupivacaine 0.25% (n=21), and group 2 received TAP block using saline. Before extubation, blocks were performed bilaterally. Tramadol IV was given for breakthrough pain for the first 24 hours. Pain scores using the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) at 0, 1, 2, 4 ,8 ,12, 24 hour-intervals, number of patient demand for Tramadol and patient satisfaction were collected. Results: Patients in the control group have higher VAS scores both during rest and on movement. However, pain was significantly reduced only on the 2nd hour at rest and on the 1st to 4th hours on movement among patients who received Bupivacaine 0.25% on TAP block. Furthermore, there was no significant difference in the requirement for rescue analgesics (p=0.1160) and the satisfaction rate (p=0.2849) between the two groups. Conclusion: TAP block is safe and improved postoperative analgesia in patients receiving laparoscopic cholecystectomy. But its additional analgesic effect in the presence of a dynamic multimodal pain-control regimen is probably rather small and need further investigation in laparoscopic cholecystectomy.


2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (S1) ◽  
pp. 1-2
Author(s):  
Shruti Patel ◽  
Naveen Kumar

Epidermal cysts are the most common epithelial cysts usually with non malignant potential. These occur commonly in hair- bearing areas mostly on the scalp, also on the face, neck, back, and scrotum. Etiology is usually unknown. It can be seen commonly in individuals with history of significant Acne vulgaris. Multiple sebaceous cysts over the scrotum is a rare condition. Only eight cases of multiple epidermal cysts in scrotum have been reported so far from India in the past literature. This condition is usually asymptomatic and painless. It may turn painful if gets infected and often may be associated with discharge of pus. We present a rare case of multiple epidermal cysts of scrotum in a 36 year old patient which was managed with complete excision of the cysts done under local anesthesia followed by primary closure with better outcome in cosmesis taking care of not to jeopardize the vascular supply to local flaps and testis.


2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (S1) ◽  
pp. 1-2
Author(s):  
Otei OO ◽  
Ozinko M ◽  
Ekpo R ◽  
Isiwele E

We present two cases of finger ring impaction. Both patients tried to remove it in rural hospitals before presenting to the burns and plastic unit of the University of Calabar Teaching Hospital. The male had the ring on the left index finger while the female had it on the left ring finger. The rings were removed by the use of circumferential cutaneous tissue infiltration (ring block) with plain lignocaine, strip of esmarch bandage exanguination of the finger, lubrication with K-Y jelly and then extraction.


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